the special attention of the commission the treaties of Montevideo of 1889 and the debates relating thereto, as well as the projects of conventions adopted at the Second International Conference of the American States held in Mexico in 1902, and the discussions thereon; also all other questions which give promise of juridical progress, or which tend to eliminate the causes of misunderstanding or conflicts between said states.

Art. 6. The expense incident to the preparation of the drafts, including the compensation for technical studies made pursuant to article four, shall be defrayed by all the signatory states in the proportion and form established for the support of the International Bureau of the American Republics, of Washington, with the exception of the compensation of the members of the commission, which shall be paid to the representatives by their respective governments.

Art. 7. The Fourth International Conference of the American States shall embody in one or more treaties, the principles upon which an agreement may be reached, and shall endeavor to secure their adoption and ratification by the nations of America.

Art. 8. The governments desiring to ratify this convention, shall so advise the Government of the United States of Brazil, in order that the said government may notify the other governments through diplomatic channels, such action taking the place of an exchange of notes.

In testimony whereof the plenipotentiaries and delegates have signed the present convention, and affixed the seal of the Third International American Conference.

Made in the city of Rio de Janeiro the twenty-third day of August, nineteen hundred and six, in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, and deposited with the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the United States of Brazil, in order that certified copies thereof be made, and sent through diplomatic channels to the signatory States.

FOR ECUADOR- Emilio Arévalo, Olmedo Alfaro.

FOR PARAGUAY - Manuel Gondra, Arsenio López Decoud, Gualberto Cardús y Huerta.

FOR BOLIVIA - Alberto Gutiérrez, Carlos V. Romero.

FOR COLOMBIA - Rafael Uribe Uribe, Guillermo Valencia.

FOR CUBA Gonzalo de Quesada, Rafael Montoro, Antonio González Lanuza.

FOR THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC - Emilio C. Joubert.

FOR PERU Eugenio Larrabure y Unanue, Antonio Miró Quesada, Mariano Cornejo.

FOR THE UNITED STATES OF BRAZIL - Joaquim Aurelio Nabuco de Araujo, Joaquim Francisco de Assis Brasil, Gastão da Cunha, Alfredo de Moraes Gomes Ferreira, João Pandiá Calogeras, Amaro Cavalcanti, Joaquim Xavier da Silveira, José P. da Graça Aranha, Antonio da Fontoura Xavier.

FOR EL SALVADOR- Francisco A. Reyes.

FOR COSTA RICA - Ascensión Esquivel.

FOR THE UNITED STATES OF MEXICO - Francisco León de La Barra, Ricardo Molina-Hübbe, Ricardo García Granados.

FOR GUATEMALA Antonio Batres Jáuregui.

FOR URUGUAY-Luis Melian Lafinur, Antonio María Rodríguez, Gonzalo Ramírez.

FOR THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC-J. V. González, José A. Terry, Eduardo L. Bidau.

FOR NICARAGUA — Luís F. Corea.

FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

William I. Buchanan, L. S.

Rowe, A. J. Montague, Tulio Larrinaga, Paul S. Reinsch, Van Leer Polk.

FOR CHILE - Anselmo Hevia Riquelme, Joaquín Walker Martinez, Luís Antonio Vergara, Adolfo Guerrero.

INTERNATIONAL OPIUM CONVENTION

Signed at The Hague, January 23, 1912

[Translation.]

His Majesty the German Emperor, King of Prussia, in the name of the German Empire; the President of the United States of America; His Majesty the Emperor of China; the President of the French Republic; His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India; His Majesty the King of Italy; His Majesty the Emperor of Japan; Her Majesty the Queen of the Netherlands; His Imperial Majesty the Shah of Persia; the President of the Portuguese Republic; His

Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias; His Majesty the King of Siam.

Desirous of advancing a step further on the road opened by the International Commission of Shanghai of 1909;

Determined to bring about the gradual suppression of the abuse of opium, morphine, and cocaine, as also of the drugs prepared or derived from these substances, which give rise or might give rise to similar abuses;

Taking into consideration the necessity and the mutual advantage of an international agreement on this point;

Convinced that in this humanitarian endeavor they will meet with the unanimous adherence of all the states concerned;

Have decided to conclude a convention with this object, and have appointed as their plenipotentiaries:

His Majesty the German Emperor, King of Prussia: his Excellency M. Felix von Müller, Privy Councillor, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at The Hague; M. Delbrück, Privy Councillor; Dr. Grünenwald, Councillor of Legation; Dr. Kerp, Privy Councillor, a director in the German Health Department; Dr. Rössler, German Consul at Canton.

The President of the United States of America: Bishop Charles H. Brent; Mr. Hamilton Wright; Mr. H. J. Finger.

His Majesty the Emperor of China: his Excellency Liang Ch'eng, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Berlin.

The President of the French Republic: M. Henri Brenier, Advisory Inspector of the Agricultural and Commercial Service of Indo-China; M. Pierre Guesde, Administrator of the Civil Service of Indo-China.

His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India: The Right Honorable Sir Cecil Clementi Smith, G. C. M. G., Member of the Privy Council; Sir William Stevenson Meyer, K. C. I. E., Chief Secretary of the Government of Madras; Mr. William Grenfell Max Muller, C. B., M. V. O., Councillor of Embassy; Sir William Job Collins, M. D., Deputy Lieutenant of the County of London.

His Majesty the King of Italy: his Excellency Count J. Sallier de la Tour, Duke of Calvello, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at The Hague.

His Majesty the Emperor of Japan: his Excellency M. Aimaro Sato, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at The Hague;

Dr. Tomoe Takagi, Engineer to the Government-General of Formosa; Dr. Kotaro Nishizaki, Technical Expert attached to the Laboratory of the Hygienic Department.

Her Majesty the Queen of the Netherlands: M. J. T. Cremer, formerly Minister for the Colonies, President of the Netherlands Society of Commerce; M. C. Th. van Deventer, Member of the First Chamber of the States-General; M. A. A. de Jongh, formerly Inspector-General, head of the Opium Monopoly in the Dutch Indies; M. J. G. Scheurer, Member of the Second Chamber of the States-General; M. W. G. van Wettum, Inspector of the Opium Monopoly in the Dutch Indies.

His Imperial Majesty the Shah of Persia: Mirza Mahmoud Khan, Secretary of the Persian Legation at The Hague.

The President of the Portuguese Republic: his Excellency M. Antonio Maria Bartholomeu Ferreira, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at The Hague.

His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias: his Excellency M. Alexander Savinsky, Master of Ceremonies, Councillor of State, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Stockholm.

His Majesty the King of Siam: his Excellency Phya Akharaj Varadhara, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in London, The Hague, and Brussels; Mr. William J. Archer, C. M. G., Councillor of Legation;

Who, after having deposited their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed as follows:

CHAPTER I. Raw Opium

Definition. By "raw opium" is understood:

The spontaneously coagulated juice obtained from the capsules of the papaver somniferum, which has only been submitted to the necessary manipulations for packing and transport.

ARTICLE I

The contracting Powers shall enact effective laws or regulations for the control of the production and distribution of raw opium, unless laws or regulations on the subject are already in existence.

ARTICLE II

Due regard being had to the differences in their commercial conditions, the contracting Powers shall limit the number of towns, ports, or

other localities through which the export or import of raw opium shall be permitted.

ARTICLE III

The contracting Powers shall take measures

(a) To prevent the export of raw opium to countries which shall have prohibited its entry, and

(b) To control the export of raw opium to countries which restrict its import, unless regulations on the subject are already in existence.

ARTICLE IV

The contracting Powers shall make regulations requiring that every package containing raw opium intended for export shall be marked in such a way as to indicate its contents, provided that the consignment exceeds 5 kilog.

ARTICLE V

The contracting Powers shall not allow the import and export of raw opium except by duly authorized persons.

CHAPTER II. Prepared Opium

Definition. By "prepared opium" is understood:

The product of raw opium, obtained by a series of special operations, especially by dissolving, boiling, roasting, and fermentation, designed to transform it into an extract suitable for consumption.

Prepared opium includes dross and all other residues remaining when opium has been smoked.

ARTICLE VI

The contracting Powers shall take measures for the gradual and effective suppression of the manufacture of, internal trade in, and use of prepared opium, with due regard to the varying circumstances of each country concerned, unless regulations on the subject are already in existence.

ARTICLE VII

The contracting Powers shall prohibit the import and export of prepared opium; those Powers, however, which are not yet ready to prohibit immediately the export of prepared opium shall prohibit it as soon as possible.