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man, Schliemann, Kinglake, Bancroft, Meissonier, Moltke, Lytton, Arago, Freeman, Whitman, Renan, Siemens, Taine, Jowett, Gounod, Parkman, Merivale, Layard, Froude, Rawlinson, Leighton, Hughes, Mrs. Stowe, Millais, William Morris, Ruskin, Brahms, Daudet, Max Muller and others of a glorious galaxy, departed or still with us. In this random list we have not mentioned statesmen, such as Hamilton, Jefferson, Webster, Clay, Calhoun, Lincoln, Pitt, Canning, Peel, Gladstone, Disraeli, Salisbury, Bismarck, Cavour and Deak, nor generals and admirals such as Bonaparte, Wellington, Nelson, Dundonald, Grant, Lee, Roberts, Decatur, Farragut, Dewey and their compeers. The great names of science we have also left largely unmentioned, to be suggested by the mention of the works that have been done.

The material changes of the world in a hundred years are great beyond appreciation. The increase in population of the globe may be partially estimated from the increase of the United States from less than 6,000,000 to more than 76,000,000; the United Kingdom from 16,000,000 to 39,000,000; and corresponding if not equal increases in other civilized lands. With such swelling of numbers, industrial potency, wealth and the general standard of life have likewise been enormously advanced. The arable and productive area of the earth has been increased, and its productivity, by means of improved methods of culture and varieties of grain and fruit, has shown a comparable gain. The great coal, iron, copper, gold, silver and diamond fields, with their almost inconceivable riches, are practically all things of nineteenth century development. That there has been any perceptible change in nature itself, in climate and the "precession of the equinoxes," may be disputed, but that man has in these hundred years made himself far more the master of his environment than ever before is beyond all question.

It would be grateful to review also the moral and spiritual advancement of the world. Slavery has been abolished, prison reform has been effected, education has made immeasurable strides, law and justice have been more surely established upon their thrones, religion has been more imbued with light and charity and love, and there has been on every hand such a forward moving toward a realization of the universal brotherhood of man as a dozen centuries before had scarcely dreamed of or hoped to see. The full story of all such progress must be reserved for ampler treatment than these constricted pages will permit. The largest encyclopædia would not be too large for it. In the present case the duty is rather to suggest the vastness of the theme than to enlarge upon its multitudinous intricacies and its all but limitless expanses. The pages which follow reflect the light of the whole past century in the brilliance of its closing year, and look with steadfast hope into the opening year of the opening century, marking the transition from era to era, and the sure progress of the world toward that day when "comes the nobler Eden back to man" and when "springs the crowning race of humankind."

ASTRONOMICAL CALCULATIONS.

(Prepared expressly for The Tribune Almanac by Berlin H. Wright, Penn Yan, N. Y.) ECLIPSES.

In the year 1901 there will be two eclipses of the sun, one of the moon and a Lunar Appulse, as follows:

the

I. A Lunar Appulse May 3. At this time the moon will pass within 51."9 of the earth's shadow, or only one-seventeenth of the apparent diameter of the moon; moon passing south of the shadow. Inasmuch as the moon will pass through a section of the earth's penumbra a perceptible diminution in the moon's light will be noticed at European points where the time of nearest approach falls after sundown.

II. A total eclipse of the sun May 18. visible in the Philippine Islands, Southern Pacific and Indian oceans, Southern Asia and Africa, the line of totality passing through the islands of New-Guinea, Borneo and Sumatra.

III. A partial eclipse of the moon October 27, invisible in the United States, except in Alaska and Pacific possessions. Visible generally throughout the eastern portions of Europe in Asia and the Pacific Ocean; the end visible generally throughout Europe and Eastern Africa.

IV. An annular eclipse of the sun November 11, invisible in the United States, except in our Southern Pacific possessions; visible throughout most of Asia, Europe, Africa and Indian Ocean. The annular phase will be visible at Cairo, Ceylon and Manila. SUPERIOR PLANETS EAST OR WEST OF THE SUN.

East.-Mars, after February 22; Jupiter, after June 30; Saturn, after July 5; Uranus, June 6 to December 4.

West.-Mars, until February 22; Jupiter, until June 30; Saturn, until July 5; Uranus, until June 6 and after December 4.

MORNING STARS (INFERIOR PLANETS). Mercury, until January 21 and from March 7 to May 14, July 13 to August 27 and after November 4. Venus, until April 30.

EVENING STARS (INFERIOR PLANETS).

Mercury, from January 21 to March 7, May 14 to July 13, and August 27 to November 4. Venus, after April 30.

PLANETS BRIGHTEST OR BEST SEEN.

Mercury, February 14-18 and October 14-18, setting shortly after the sun; also November 18-22, rising shortly before the sun. Venus, not this year, but will be bright at close of year. Mars, February 22. Jupiter, June 30. Saturn, July 5. Uranus, June 6. Neptune, December 22.

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Fast of Tebeth, Tebeth 10, Tuesday, January 1. Fast of Esther, Adar 13, Monday, March 4. Purim, Adar 14-15, Tuesday and Wednesday, March 5 and 6. First day of Passover, Nisan 15, Thursday, April 4. Lag B'Omer, Yiar 18, Tuesday, May 7. First day of Pentecost, Sivan 6, Friday, May 24. Fast of Tamuz, Tamuz 17, Thursday, July 4. Fast of Av, Av or Ab 9, Thursday, July 25. First day of New Year, Tishri 1, Saturday, September 14, or at sunset of 13th. Fast of Gedaliah, Tishri 3, Monday, September 16. Yom Kippur, Tishri 10, Monday, September 23. First day of Tabernacles, Tishri 15, Saturday, September 28. Hoshannah-Rabbath, Tishri 21, Friday, October 4. Sh'mini-Atseres, Tishri 22, Saturday, October 5. Simchas-Torah, Tishri 23, Sunday, October 6. First day of Chanukah, Kislev 25, Friday, December 6. Fast of Tebeth, Tebeth 10, Friday, December 20. When two days are given as the beginning of a month, the last one is celebrated as the first of the month, except Tishri, which is always recorded from the first.

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THE SEASONS, 1901 (EASTERN STANDARD TIME).

14

.6614

230

18

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33....A. M. and lasts.
21.... A. M. and lasts.
25....P. M. and lasts.
7....P. M. and lasts. ..89 18
9....A. M. tropical year..365

.93 14

5 36

AZIMUTH

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TABLE OF POLARIS, OR NORTH STAR, 1901. Polar | Azimuth of Polaris at its Greatest Elongation East or West. Dist. For the Latitudes and Dates given below. of Po--33° 37° laris.

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29 31° 41° 143° 145° North. North. North. North. North. North. | North. North. North.

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11 12 511 23 18 1 24 59 1 26 52 1 28 56 1 31 13 1 33 45 1 36 32 1 39 37|1 43 2

39°

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December 311 12 341 22 58 1 24 40|1 26 32|1 24 35 1 30 52 1 33 23 1 36 10 1 39 14 1 42 38

The azimuths in the above table, applied properly to the magnetic bearing of Polaris at the time of its greatest elongation east or west, will give the true variation

of the magnetic needle from a true north direction, and will be of great use to all surveyors and engineers. When the elongation is east the azimuth will be east and vice versa. At the present time the line of "No Variation" of the needle runs southeasterly from near Toledo, Ohio, to a point on the Atlantic Coast about fifty miles southwest of Cape Fear, N. C. East of that line the north end of the needle points west of a true north, and west of that line east of the true north. The country may therefore be divided into eastern and western magnetic regions. In the "Eastern Region" the bearing of Polaris at its western elongation, if eastward, added to the azimuth, gives the desired variation west; but if westward, the bearing taken from the azimuth gives the variation west. The bearing of Polaris at its eastern elongation will be eastward, and the azimuth subtracted therefrom gives the variation west, In the "Western Region" the bearing of Polaris at its eastern elongation, if westward, added to the azimuth, gives the variation east; but if eastward, the bearing taken from the azimuth gives the variation east. The bearing of Polaris at its western elongation will be westward, and diminished by the azimuth gives the variation east. The azimuths in the table, given for two-degree zones, are practically sufficient for all the United States except Alaska. For intermediate latitudes, and dates, the azimuths may be found by proportion sufficiently correct, or exactly by the formula log-sine azimuth equal log-sine Polar Distance of Polaris, minus log-cosine latitude. The surveyor or engineer is on the line of "No Variation" when the bearing of Polaris at greatest elongation is the same as the azimuth.

TIDE TABLES.

To find the time of high water for any place given in the table below, apply the correction opposite the place to the times of high water for its respective port given for every day on the twelve calendar pages of this Almanac. Add the correction to time of high water when it is plus, and subtract it when it is minus. Example: To find time of high water at Rockland, Me., on January 6, 1901:

Time of high water at Boston, January 6....
Correction for Rockland, Me. (see below).

Time of high water at Rockland, Me., January 6..

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-0 40 New-London, Conn...
-0 55 Norwich, Conn..
-0 28 Middletown, Conn...

S.W. H, Mt. D. I., Me-0 44 Hartford, Conn.
Bass H., Mt. D. I.,Me
Rockland, Me.
Oceanville, D. I., Me.
Bangor, Me...
Boothbay, Me...
Bath, Me..

Gardiner, Me.

Augusta, Me.
Portland, Me.
Portsmouth, N. H..
Isle of Shoal L., N. H
Newburyport, Mass..
Gloucester, Mass....
Salem, Mass..
Nahant, Mass..
Boston Light, Mass.
Plymouth, Mass..
Wellfleet, C. C., Mass
Provincetown, Mass..
Siasconset, Nantuck. I
Nantucket Har., Mass
Edgartown, Mass....
No Mans L'd I., Mass
Vineyard Hav'n, Mass
Falmouth, Mass.
Tarpaulin Cove, Mass
Cuttyhunk L., Mass..
Woods Hole, Mass....

0:08 p. m. -0:26

11:42 a. m.

Cor-
rec-
tion.
| H. M.
-1 2 Dover, Del..
+0 49 Sea Breeze, N. J..
+1 6 New-Castle, Del...
+1 47 Wilmington, Del...
+5 1| Gray's F.,S. R., Pa|
-6 58 Phila., Wash.-ave.
+2 23 Trenton, N. J.....
+35 Rehoboth, Del..
+3 4Ocean City, Md...
+3 7|Cape Chas. L., Va.
+3 21 Old Point Com., Vaj
+3 40] Newport News, Va
+3 2 Petersburg, Va....
+1 50 Richmond, Va.....
+1 37 Yorktown, Va....
+1 23 Pt. L., P. R., Md.
40 40 Alexandria, P.R., Va
+0 20 Wash. N. Y., D. C.
+2 6 Crisfield, C. B., Md
+2 21 Cambridge, C.B.,Md|
+0 56 Oxford, Md..
+3 7 Annapolis, Md..
+3 6 Balt., Fells, Pt., Md
+3 6 Elkton, Md.

Corrections to
times of high water
at Charleston for:

Correction.

H. M. -846 -10 17 -8 1

7 46

- 6 15

6 7 - 259

0 28 + 0 5 +0 13 + 0 55 +1 4 9 11 925

1 22

0 11

0 18

4 59

3 56

-0 45 Duck Island, Conn.
-0 26 New-Haven, Conn..
-0 36 Stamford, Conn..
+1 12 City I., L. I. S., N. Y.
-0 43 College P, E. R., N.Y
+0 31 Flushing, E. R., N. Y
+2 56 Pot Cove, Ast., N. Y..
3 37 B'ckwell's I. L., N. Y
-0 34 E. 41st-st., N. Y. C...
-0 15 E. 27th-st., N. Y. C..
-0 20 Brooklyn N. Y., N. Y
-0 15 Brooklyn Bridge, N.Y
-0 36 E. 110th-st., N. Y. C.
-0 11 High Bridge, N. Y. C❘
-0 18 Kings Bridge, N. Y.C
-0 18 Willets Point, N. Y..
-0 9 Glen Cove, L.I.S., N.Y
-0 11 Oyster B., L.I. S., N.Y
0 1|N'thp't H.,L.I.S., N.Y +3 5 Pt. Dep., S. R., Md
+0 1Trum'n B.,L.I.S., N.Y +2 11| Virginia Beach, Va
+0 55 Sag Har., L.I. S., N.Y +2 19 | Hatteras Inlet, N.C
+0 44 Montauk Pt. L., N. Y-0 1 Cape Lookout, N.C.
4 6 Bellport, N. Y..
+2 39 Beaufort, N. C.... -012
+0 11 Fire Island Inlet, N.Y-0 561 Carolina Beach, N.C - 0 14
-18 Rockaway Inlet, N.Y-0 35 Wilmington, N. C..+1 47
3 41 Coney Island, N. Y... 0 42 B'nerman's B., N.C 4 1
-4 1 Tottenville, S. I.,N.Y-0 21 White Hall, N. C.. — 3 58
-2 55 Fort Tom., S. I., N.Y-0 23 Georgetown, S. C..+1 16
+1 49 Bluff Pt. W. R.,S.C+0 21
-3 40 Albany, H. R., N. Y. +9 33 Port Royal, S. C...] 0 36
-3 48 Eliz' port, N. B., N. J +0 10 Beaufort, S. C..
-3 34 Long Branch, N. J... 0 37 Savannah, Ga...
-3 21 Atlantic City, N. J...0 28| Warsaw Sound, Ga
-3 23 Cape May City, N. J.-0 16 St. Andrew S., Ga. |

Bird Island L., Mass.-3 43 Sing Sing, H. R.,N.Y
New-Bedford, Mass..
Newport, R. I..

Bristol, R. I..

Pawtuxet, R. I..

Providence, R. I..

3 23 -238 -050 2 10 2 41 0 0 -047 -15

0.49

053

0 4

0 23

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THE SEASONS, 1901 (EASTERN STANDARD TIME).

14 ..6614

230

18

D. H. M.

Winter begins......1900....December.....21 1
Spring begins.......1901....March.
Summer begins.....1901....June...
Autumn begins......1901....September.
Winter begins......1901....December..

21 2 21 10 .23 1 .22 7

33....A. M. and lasts......89
21. ..A. M. and lasts.
25....P. M. and lasts......93
7....P. M. and lasts......89
9....A. M. tropical year..365

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D. H. M.

0 48

4

14 42 18 2

5 36

AZIMUTH

Month.

33° 35° | 37°

TABLE OF POLARIS, OR NORTH STAR, 1901. Polar | Azimuth of Polaris at its Greatest Elongation East or West. Dist. For the Latitudes and Dates given below. of Po- 29° 1 31° laris. North. North. North. North. | North. [North. [North. | North. [North.

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11 12 511 23 18 1 24 59|1 26 52 | 1 28 56|1 31 13 1 33 45 1 36 32 1 39 37|1 43 2

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December .|31|1 12 34|1 22 58|1 24 40|1 26 32|1 24 35|1 30 521 33 23 1 36 10 1 39 14 1 42 38

The azimuths in the above table, applied properly to the magnetic bearing of Polaris at the time of its greatest elongation east or west, will give the true variation

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