Privileges of Adjoining States.

Nothing contained in the Treaty signed this day shall be held to derogate from the special Laws, Ordinances, and Regulations relating to matters of police and public security, or to the encouragement of national industry, in force in either of the Contracting States and applicable to all foreigners alike; or from the reservation in favour of native subjects of the exercise of certain trades or professions in conformity with the laws of the two countries; or from the favours which may be accorded to adjoining States to facilitate local traffic within a zone not exceeding 15 kilom. broad on each side of the frontier.

Commercial Travellers.-Most-favoured-nation Treatment.

The provisions of this Treaty for the mutual concession of most-favoured-nation treatment apply fully to the treatment of commercial travellers and their samples.

Certificates Granted by British Chambers of Commerce to Commercial Travellers.

It is agreed that the Chambers of Commerce of the United Kingdom shall be recognized in Roumania as competent authorities for granting the certificates required for commercial travellers of the United Kingdom.

Privileges of Roumanians in India.

It is agreed that, in the event of the Government of India adhering to the present Treaty, Roumanian subjects in India, including the territories under British suzerainty, shall not be accorded any other or greater rights or privileges than those enjoyed by European British subjects.

RUSSIA.

No. 140.

TREATY OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND RUSSIA; WITH THREE SEPARATE ARTICLES THEREUNTO ANNEXED.

Signed at St. Petersburgh, January 12, 1859.*

[Ratifications exchanged at London, February 1, 1859.]

In the Name of the Most Holy and Indivisible Trinity.

HER Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, being desirous of extending and facilitating the relations of commerce between their respective dominions and subjects, have resolved to conclude a Treaty for that purpose, and have named as their respective Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:

Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Sir John Fiennes Crampton, Baronet of the United Kingdom, Knight Commander of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the Emperor of All the Russias;

And His Majesty the Emperor of All the Russias, Prince Alexander Gortchacow, his actual Privy Councillor and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Knight of the Orders of Russia and of St. Vladimir of the First Class, Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour of France, of the Golden Fleece of Spain, of St. Stephen of Hungary, of the Black Eagle and of the Red Eagle of Prussia of Ferdinand and of Merit of Naples, of the Crown of Wurtemberg, of the Elephant and of the Danebrog of Denmark, of St. Hubert of Bavaria, of Fidelity and of the Lion of Zähringen of Baden, of the Guelfs of Hanover, of Louis of Hesse-Darmstadt, of the Crown of Saxony, of Ernest of Saxe-Altenburg, of the White Falcon of Saxe-Weimar, of Leopold of Belgium, of the Saviour of Greece, of St. Joseph of Tuscany, of the Pianum, of the Medjidié of Turkey, decorated with the portrait of the Shah of Persia, of the First Class, adorned with diamonds;

Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following Articles :—

* Signed also in French.

ARTICLE I.

Freedom of Commerce and Navigation.-National Treatment.

There shall be between all the dominions and possessions of the two High Contracting Parties, reciprocal freedom of commerce and navigation. The subjects of each of the two Contracting Parties, respectively, shall have liberty freely and securely to come, with their ships and cargoes, to all places, ports, and rivers in the dominions and possessions of the other, to which other foreigners are or may be permitted to come; and shall, throughout the whole extent of the dominions and possessions of the other, enjoy the same rights, privileges, liberties, favours, immunities, and exemptions in matters of commerce and navigation, which are or may be enjoyed by native subjects generally.

It is understood, however, that the preceding stipulations in no wise affect the laws, decrees, and special regulations regarding commerce, industry, and police, in vigour in each of the two countries, and generally applicable to all foreigners.

ARTICLE II.

Imports: Duties and Prohibitions.-Most-favoured-nation

Treatment.

No other or higher duties shall be imposed on the importation into the dominions and possessions of Her Britannic Majesty, of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of the dominions and possessions of His Majesty the Emperor of All the Russias, from whatever place arriving, and no other or higher duties shall be imposed on the importation into the dominions and possessions of His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of Her Britannic Majesty's dominions and possessions, from whatever place arriving, than are or shall be payable on the like article, the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country.

Nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the importation of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of the dominions and possessions of either of the two Contracting Parties into the dominions and possessions of the other, which shall not equally extend to the importation of the like articles being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other country.

ARTICLE III.

Exports: Duties and Prohibitions.-Most-favoured-nation

Treatment.

No other or higher duties or charges shall be imposed in the dominions and possessions of either of the Contracting Parties, on the exportation of any article to the dominions and possessions of the other, than such as are, or may be, payable on the exportation of the like article to any other foreign country; nor [536] 3 A

shall any prohibition be imposed on the exportation of any article from the dominions and possessions of either of the two Contracting Parties to the dominions and possessions of the other, which shall not equally extend to the exportation of the like article to any other country.

ARTICLE IV.

Warehousing, Transit Trade, Bounties, and Drawbacks.-Mostfavoured-nation Treatment.

The same reciprocal equality of treatment shall take effect in regard to warehousing, and to the transit trade, and also in regard to bounties, facilities, and drawbacks, which are or may be hereafter granted by the legislation of either country.

ARTICLE V.

Imports in Vessels of either Country.-National Treatment. All merchandize and articles of commerce, the produce or manufacture either of the dominions and possessions of His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, or of any other country, which are or may be legally importable into the ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, its dominions and possessions, in British vessels, may likewise be imported into those ports in Russian vessels, without being liable to any other or higher duties, of whatever denomination, than if such merchandize and articles were imported in British vessels; and reciprocally, all merchandize and articles of commerce, the produce or manufacture either of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, its dominions and possessions, or of any other country, which are or may be legally importable into the ports of the dominions and possessions of His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, in Russian vessels, may likewise be imported into those ports in British vessels, without being liable to any other or higher duties, of whatever denomination, than if such merchandize and articles were imported in Russian vessels. Such reciprocal equality of treatment shall take effect without distinction, whether such merchandize and articles come directly from the place of origin, or from any other place.

Exports in Vessels of either Country-Bounties and

Drawbacks.-National Treatment.

In the same manner, there shall be perfect equality of treatment in regard to exportation, so that the same export duties shall be paid, and the same bounties and drawbacks allowed, in the dominions and possessions of either of the High Contracting Parties, on the exportation of any article which is or may be legally exportable therefrom, without distinction, whether such exportation shall take place in Russian or in British vessels, and

whatever may be the place of destination, whether a port of the other Contracting Party, or of any third Power,

ARTICLE VI.

Tonnage, Harbour, Pilotage, Lighthouse, Quarantine, &c., Dues.--National Treatment.

No duties of tonnage, harbour, pilotage, lighthouse, quarantine, or other similar or corresponding duties of whatever nature, or under whatever denomination, levied in the name or for the profit of Government, public functionaries, private individuals, corporations, or establishments of any kind, shall be imposed in the ports of either country upon the vessels of the other country, which shall not equally and under the same conditions be imposed in the like cases on national vessels in general; the intention of the two High Contracting Parties being that, save certain exemptions which the shipping of some ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland enjoys from old times, in this respect there shall not exist in their respective dominions and possessions, in regard to the above-mentioned duties, any privilege or preference whatever favouring the national flag to the prejudice of the flag of the other Party. Such equality of treatment shall apply reciprocally to the respective vessels, from whatever port or place they may arrive, and whatever may be their place of destination.

ARTICLE VII.

Stationing, Loading, and Unloading of Vessels.-National

Treatment.

In all that regards the stationing, loading, and unloading of vessels in the ports, basins, docks, roadsteads, harbours, or rivers of the two countries, no privilege shall be granted to national vessels which shall not be equally granted to vessels of the other country; the intention of the Contracting Parties being that in this respect also the respective vessels shall be treated on the footing of perfect equality.

ARTICLE VIII.

Coasting Trade Excepted.

The stipulations of the preceding Articles shall not apply to the coasting trade, which each of the High Contracting Parties shall regulate according to its own laws.

Port-to-Port Trade.-National Treatment.

The vessels of each of the two Contracting Parties shall, however, be at liberty, according as the captain, proprietor, or other person duly authorized to act as agent for the vessel or cargo, shall consider advisable, to proceed from one port of one of [536]

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