goods, and all occasions of quarrels as to any Certificates and Passports, such forms as are underwritten verbatim shall be observed, and subscribed and signed by the Chief Magistrate of that Province and City from whence they come; that then the true names of the Ships, carriages, merchandise, and Masters of the Ships be specified; as also the punctual days and times, without any fraud, together with other descriptions of that sort, which are expressed in the following form of a Safe-conduct or Certificate. Wherefore, if any Person who shall declare upon the oath by which he is bound to his King, State, or City, that he has given in a true account, be convicted by sufficient proof of having concealed any fraud by his permission under his said declaration, he shall be severely punished as a transgressor of the said oath.

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Form of the Passport.

We N. N., Governor or Chief Magistrate of the Province or City of N., (the title or office of the respective Government of that place being added,) do make known and certify, that on the day of the month of N. N. N., Citizens and Inhabitants of N., and who are engaged and bound as Subjects of His Most Serene Royal Majesty of Sweden, and to our City, or of the Most Serene Lord Protector our Most Gracious Lord, and to our City, personally appeared before us in the City or Town of N., in the Dominion (of His Most Serene Royal Majesty of Sweden, or of the Most Serene Lord Protector of England, just as it shall happen), and declared to us, that the Ship or Vessel called N., of lasts or tons, belongs to the Port, City or Town of N., in the Dominion of N., and that the said Ship does rightfully belong to him or other Subjects of His Most Serene Royal Majesty of Sweden, or of the Most Serene Lord Protector; that she is now bound directly from the Port N. to the Port N., laden with the following merchandise, viz. (here shall be specified the goods, with their quantity and quality; for example, about so many chests or bales, hogsheads, &c., according to the quantity and condition of the goods,) and affirmed upon oath to the aforesaid N., that the said goods or merchandise belong only to the Subjects of His Most Serene Royal Majesty of Sweden, the Most Serene Lord Protector of England, or expressing to whatever other Nation they belong; and that N. N. N. have declared upon their said oath, that the said goods above specified, and no others, are already put on board or are to be put on board the abovenamed Ship for the said voyage, and that no part of those goods belongs to any one whatsoever but the Persons above mentioned; and that no goods are disguised or concealed therein by any fictitious name whatsoever, but that the merchandise above mentioned is truly and really put on board, for the use of the said Owners and no others; and that the Captain of the said Ship named N. N. is a Citizen of the City of N. Therefore, whereas after strict examination by us, the above-mentioned (Governor or Chief Magistrate of the City aforesaid), it fully

appears that the goods on board the said Ship or Vessel are free, and do truly and really belong to the Subjects of His Most Serene Royal Majesty of Sweden, or of the Most Serene Protector, or to the Inhabitants of other Nations above mentioned; we do most humbly and earnestly require it of all and singular the Powers by land and sea, Kings, Princes, Republics, and free Cities; also of the Generals of Armies, Admirals, Commanders, Officers, and Governors of Ports, and all others to whom the custody of any Harbour or Sea is committed, which meet this Ship in her Voyage; or if she happen to fall in, among, or pass through their Squadrons, or to stay in their Harbours, that for the sake of the Treaties and Friendship which subsist respectively between them, or whoever are his Superiors, and the Most Serene King of Sweden, or the Most Serene Lord Protector our Most Gracious Lord, they will not only permit the said Captain with the Ship N., and the Men, goods, and merchandise to her belonging, to prosecute her voyage freely without let and molestation, but also, if he think fit to depart elsewhere from such Harbour, that they will show all kind offices to him and his Ships as a Subject of His Most Serene Royal Majesty of Sweden, or of the Most Serene Lord Protector, as they shall in like manner experience the same from our Most Serene King, or our Most Serene Lord Protector, and all his Ministers and Subjects in the like or any other case. In witness whereof we have taken care that these Presents signed by our hands, be sealed with the Seal of our City. Given at our Court, &c.

ARTICLE V.

Prizes made by Enemies of one Country of Vessels of that Country not to be taken into Ports of the other Country.

Neither of those Confederates shall suffer the Ships, Vessels, goods, or merchandise of the other, or of his People or Subjects, which are taken at Sea or elsewhere by Enemies or Rebels, to be brought into their Ports or Dominions, but shall publicly forbid anything of that kind to be done; and if any Ships, Vessels, goods, or merchandise of either, or his People or Subjects, taken at Sea or elsewhere, shall be carried into the Ports or Countries. of the other by any Enemy or Rebel of the Confederates, or either of them, that Confederate into whose Harbours they shall be carried shall not suffer the same, or any part thereof, to be sold in that Port, or any other other place in their Dominion; but shall take care that the Master of the Ship or Vessel so taken, as also the Mariners and Passengers, shall, as soon as they arrive, be immediately set at liberty, together with all the Prisoners, Subjects of either Kingdom or Republic, as many as shall be brought thither; nor shall he permit the said Ship and Vessel to stay in that Harbour, but shall command the said Ship, with

her goods, merchandise, and lading, immediately to leave the Harbour Provided, nevertheless, that nothing in this Article be turned to the prejudice of the Treaties formerly entered into by either of the Confederates with other Nations; and where these things do not interfere, the above Article shall remain in full force.

ARTICLE VI.

Regulations for Visit of War-ships.

It shall be free for the Men-of-War and Guard-Ships of either of the Confederates to enter into the Ports, Havens, or Rivers of the other, where such Ships use to repair, and there to cast anchor, stay, and to depart from thence without any injury or molestation, provided these conditions are observed.

1. That it shall not be free to carry into the Harbours of the Confederate any Squadron exceeding 5 or 6 ships, without giving some notice thereof beforehand.

2. That the Commander of the Squadron and Ships shall, without delay, exhibit his Letters of safe conduct to the Governor of the Castle, Fort, City, or Province, or acquaint the Magistrate of the place where he arrives with the reasons of his coming, and for what end, and how long he designs to stay in that Port or Haven.

3. That such Ships shall not come or stay nearer to those Castles or Forts than is convenient.

4. That the Mariners, Ships' Companies, and Soldiers shall not go ashore in bodies above 40 at a time, nor in any number that may give suspicion.

5. That while they are there they shall not do any damage to any Person, not so much as their Enemies; and, above all, shall not stop or obstruct the passage of any Merchant Ships whatsoever, into or out of the Harbour.

6. That they shall not leave their station for the sake of infesting the navigation of any Nation whatever.

7. That they shall in all respects live and behave modestly, quietly, and conformably to the Laws and customs of every place, and have special regard to the reciprocal friendship between the Confederates. Where the terms aforesaid are rightly observed according to the true meaning of the words, it shall be lawful for the Men-of-War of either Confederate to keep upon the Coasts, and continue in the Harbours of the other Confederate, whether for avoiding tempests and Enemies, or for rendezvousing and assembling Merchant Ships, or any other just causes. But if either of the Confederates shall think it advantageous or necessary to enter the Ports of the other Confederate with a greater number of Ships, and to enjoy the conveniences thereof, he shall signify the same to his Confederate 2 months beforehand, during which time the ways and means of admitting the same shall be settled.

ARTICLE VIII.

General Most-favoured-nation Treatment.

The Subjects of the said Most Serene Lord Protector and the said Republic shall also hereafter enjoy all the prerogatives in the several branches of trade which they used to carry on in Prussia and Poland, or elsewhere, in the Dominions of the said Most Serene King of Sweden, which they enjoyed heretofore, in preference to other Nations; and if at any time they desire further privileges, their desires shall be gratified by all the means possible; and if the said Most Serene King of Sweden shall grant greater and more ample privileges than the above mentioned, in Poland and Prussia, to any Nation besides, or People not subject to him, or shall suffer any Nation or People to enjoy such larger privileges there, then the People and Citizens of this Republic shall enjoy the same privileges in all respects, after they have desired it of His Most Serene Royal Majesty. And moreover, if any Edicts that have been published since 1650 happen to be burdensome to the English and Scots dwelling or trading in Poland or Prussia, the same shall, after this time, be of no force, as far as it can be rendered so in the Dominions of the Most Serene King of Sweden; but the subjects of the said Lord Protector shall hereafter be entirely free from those burdens.

ARTICLE IX.

Commerce in America.

As to the commerce to be carried on in America, it is expressly provided by Law that the Subjects of no Republic besides shall be empowered to trade there in common without a Special Licence; but if any of the Subjects of the Most Serene King of Sweden, furnished with his recommendations, shall privately solicit such Licence of the Lord Protector to trade to any of those Colonies whatsoever, he will in this respect comply with the desire of His Most Serene Royal Majesty of Sweden, as far as the state of his affairs and of the Republic will for that time permit.

ARTICLE X.

Herring Fishery on British Coast open to Swedes.

It shall be free for the Subjects of the Most Serene King of Sweden to fish and catch herrings and other fish in the Seas and on the Coasts which are in the Dominion of this Republic, provided the Ships employed in the Fishery do not exceed 1,000 in number; nor while they are fishing shall they be any ways hindered or molested, nor shall any charges be demanded on the account of the fishing by the Men-of-War of this Republic, nor

by those who are commissioned privately to trade at their own expence, nor by the Fishing Vessels on the Northern Coasts of Britain, but all Persons shall be treated courteously and amicably, and shall be allowed even to dry their nets on the shore, and to purchase all necessary provisions from the Inhabitants of those places at a fair price.

Done at Westminster, the 17th of July, 1656.

FIRST, it is concluded and accorded that there be and remain a good, firm, sincere, and perpetual Peace, Amity, Alliance, and correspondence between His Sacred Majesty the King of Great Britain on the one part, and His Sacred Majesty the King of Sweden on the other; and all and singular their Dominions, Kingdoms, Countries, Provinces, Islands, Plantations, Lands, Cities, Towns, People, Citizens, and generally all their Subjects and Inhabitants: so that each part treat and use the other with all real friendship and affection.

ARTICLE II.

Each Country to warn the Other against Conspiracies, &c.

The said Confederates, their People, Subjects, and Inhabitants, shall, as opportunity is offered, take care of and promote the welfare of each other, and shall advertize each other, upon knowledge thereof, of all imminent dangers, plots, and conspiracies of Enemies against the other; and as much as in them lies, oppose and hinder the same. Neither shall the one Confederate by himself, or any else, treat of, act, or attempt anything to the prejudice and disadvantage of the other, his Lands, or Dominions, [536]

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