in whatsoever place, whether at sea or land; nor shall any way assist the Rebels or Enemies of the other to the damage of the Confederate; nor receive or entertain within his Dominions any Rebel or Traitor who shall attempt anything against the other's State, much less afford them any counsel, help, or favour, or permit it to be done by any of his Subjects, People, and Inhabitants.

ARTICLE III.

Freedom of Commerce and Navigation.

The said Kings and Kingdoms shall take diligent care that, as much as in them lies, all impediments and obstacles be removed, which have hitherto interrupted the freedom of navigation and commerce, as well between both Nations as with other People and Countries within the Dominions, Lands, Seas, and Rivers of either; and shall sincerely endeavour to assert, maintain, defend, and promote the aforesaid liberty of navigation and commerce against all the Disturbers thereof, by such ways and means as either in this present Treaty or hereafter shall be agreed upon; neither shall they suffer that either by themselves, their Subjects, and People, or through their default, anything done or committed contrary hereunto.

ARTICLE IV.

Commerce and Navigation.-Most-favoured-nation Treatment.

That either of the aforesaid Confederates, their People and Subjects, may, without any Safe-Conduct, Licence general or special, freely and securely go and enter by land or sea, in and to the Kingdoms, Countries, Provinces, Lands, Islands, Cities, Villages, Towns, whether walled or unwalled, fortified or otherwise, Havens, and whatsoever Dominions of the other, and there stay, and from thence return, or pass through; and in the same places, upon just prices, procure and have provision of victuals for their use and sustenance, and be used with all friendly offices. And that either Confederate, their People and Subjects, may trade and have commerce in all places, where commerce has hitherto been exercised in what goods and merchandises they please, and may freely import and export the same, paying the Customs which are due, and conforming themselves to the Laws and Ordinances of each Kingdom, whether the same concern trade or any other right; which presupposed, the People, Subjects, and Inhabitants of both Confederates shall have and enjoy in each other's Kingdoms, Countries, Lands and Dominions, as large and ample privileges, relaxations, liberties, and immunities as any other Foreigner at present doth, or hereafter shall enjoy there.

ARTICLE V.

Immunity of Persons, Vessels, and Goods.

No Merchants, Captains, and Masters of Ships, Mariners, nor any other Persons, Ships, goods, or merchandise belonging to either Confederate, shall, upon any public or private account, by virtue of any Edict, general or special, within any of the Lands, Havens, Sea-roads, Coasts, or Dominions of the other, for any public service, or expedition of War, or any other cause, much less for any private use, be seized, embarked, arrested, forced by violence, or be any other way molested or injured: Provided only, such arrests as are conformable to justice and equity be not hereby prohibited, so be it they are made according to the ordinary course of Law, and not granted upon private affection or partiality, but are requisite for the administration of right and justice.

ARTICLE VI.

Vessels in Distress.

In case any of the Ships of either Confederate, whether of War or Merchants, belonging to the Subjects and People of either, be by occasion of tempest, pursuit of Pirates, and Enemies, or any other urgent necessity, constrained to put into each other's Havens, Roads, or Shores, they shall be received there with all kindness and humanity, and enjoy all friendly protection, and be permitted to refresh themselves, and procure at a reasonable price all things needful for their sustenance, reparation, or use. Neither shall they be hindered from going out of the said Ports or Roads at their pleasure, without paying any Customs or Duties: Provided they do nothing contrary to the Laws, Ordinances, and Customs of the place, which the said Ships shall enter into or abide in.

ARTICLE VII.

Wrecks and Salvage.

In like manner, if any Ship or Ships, whether public or private belonging to either Confederate, their People and Subjects, shall within any of the Coasts or Dominions of the other stick upon the sands, or be wrecked, (which God forbid,) or suffer any damage, all friendly help and relief shall be given them upon a competent reward. And whatever shall be remaining of the goods thrown overboard, or after shipwreck, or any other damage sustained, shall be kept in safe custody, and restored to the Owners; so be it they, or such whom they shall appoint, do lay claim to the Ships and goods within a year's space from the time of the shipwreck, saving always the rights and customs of each Nation.

[536]

ARTICLE VIII.

Administration of Justice. - Protection of Persons.

In case the People and Subjects on either part, whether they be Merchants, Factors, or Servants, Masters of Ships, Mariners, or such others, who travel and inhabit within the Dominions of the other, or those who act on their behalf before any Court of Judicature, for recovery of their debts, or for other lawful occasions, shall stand in need of the Magistrate's help; the same shall be readily, and according to the equity of their cause, in friendly manner granted them, and justice shall be administered to them without long and unnecessary delays. Neither shall they be any way molested upon any pretence in the dispatch of their affairs, in their journeying, bargaining, and receiving the price of their commodities; but that all love and friendship be extended towards them. And it shall be free for them, on both sides, in their passage to and again, in each other's Coasts, Ships, Havens, and public places, to wear about them arms, for their proper defence, so be it they give no just suspicion to the Governor or Magistrate of the place of any design against the public or private Peace; but he especially who behaves and demeans himself soberly and inoffensively, shall be protected from all injury, violence and molestation,

ARTICLE IX.

Regulations for Visits of War-ships.

The said Confederates, and all and singular their People and Subjects, may buy and export out of all the Countries, Dominions, and Kingdoms of the other, all kind of armour and provision of War, and may safely and freely put in with their Ships, and arrive at each other's Ports, Havens, and Shores, and there stay, and thence depart, they carrying themselves peaceably, and conformably to the Laws and customs of the respective places, and not disturbing the freedom of commerce therein. In like manner the Ships of War shall have free access to the Ports of either, there to stay, come to anchor, and return without any injury or molestation, but upon these conditions :

1. That the Fleet to be brought into the Ports of either Confederate, shall not exceed the number of 5 or 6 Ships, without notice first given thereof.

2. That without delay the Admiral or Commander of the Fleet and Ships, shall show his Letters of Safe-conduct to the Governor or Chief Magistrate of the Castle, Fort, City, or Province, where they arrive, signifying the cause of their arrival, and declare to what end and how long they resolve to continue there.

3. That in such case the Ships keep a just distance from the Castles and Fortresses.

4. That not above 40 Mariners and Soldiers, or so many as may give suspicion, come on shore together and in company.

5. That they give offence to none there, not so much as to their Enemies, and especially hinder or obstruct not the entrance and egress of any Merchants' Ships whatever.

6. That they go not thence as from their own road, and return again to the disturbance of the navigation of any Nation.

7. That they live, and in all things demean themselves peaceably and conformably to the Laws and customs of each place, and chiefly to the mutual friendship of the Confederates; but, if either of the Confederates shall hold it convenient or necessary with a greater number of Ships, to enter into the Ports of the other, and enjoy the benefit thereof, he shall declare his purpose 2 months before to the other Confederate; and then the means and manner of admitting them shall be agreed upon; but if the Ships of either be compelled into the other's Ports, by danger of tempest, sea, or Enemies, in such case the cause of their arrival shall be signified to the Governor or Chief Magistrate of the place, and they shall continue there no longer than the said Governor or Chief Magistrate shall permit, observing always the Laws and customs in this Article before-mentioned.

ARTICLE Χ.

Freedom of Travel and Trade.

The Subjects and Inhabitants of the King and Kingdom of Great Britain may safely and freely travel in the Kingdoms, Dominions and Territories of the King of Sweden, and pass through the same by sea or land to any other Nations, freely to traffic and have commerce with them, in all sorts of merchandise, and to import and export the same. And the Subjects of the King of Sweden shall enjoy the same freedom in the Kingdoms, Dominions, and Territories of the King of Great Britain; provided the Laws, Ordinances, and particular rights of each Nation, concerning trade and commerce, be observed on both sides.

ARTICLE XI.
Contraband of War.

Although, in the preceding Articles of this present Treaty, it be forbidden to either Confederate, to yield any aid or assistance to the Enemies of the other; yet it is not to be so understood, as if either Confederate, having no War with the Enemies of the other, might not sail to, or traffic with, the said Enemies, notwithstanding that the other Confederate be in actual War with them. But it is only provided, that no goods called goods of contraband, and particularly, that no money, provision, weapons, fire-arms, with their appurtenances, fire-balls, gun-powder, match, bullets, spear-heads, swords, lances, pikes, halberts, ordnance, mortar-pieces, petards, grenadoes, rests, bandeliers, saltpetre, pistols, small shot, pots, head-pieces, backs and breasts, or such kind of armour; Soldiers

horses, all furniture necessary for horses, holsters, belts, and whatsoever warlike instruments; as also, that no Ships of War, or Convoys, be furnished to the Enemy, without peril, in case they be taken, of being adjudged lawful prize, without hope of restitution. And neither of the Confederates shall suffer any of his Subjects to give aid, sell, or lend Ships, or be any way useful to the Enemies or Rebels of the other to his prejudice or detriment; but it shall be lawful for either Confederate, his People and Subjects, to have commerce with the Enemies of the other, and to carry to them all kinds of merchandise, not before excepted, without any let or hindrance, unless it be into such Ports and Places as are besieged by the other, and in such case, it shall be lawful for them to sell their commodities to the Besiegers, or otherwise to betake themselves to any other Port which is not besieged.

ARTICLE XII.

Passports.

But lest such navigation and intercourse of the one Confederate, his People and Subjects, by land or sea, with other Nations, during the War of the other Confederate, should redound to the prejudice of the said other Confederate; and lest goods of Enemies should pass concealed under the name of Friends; for the removing of all suspicion and prevention of fraud herein, it is agreed that all Ships, waggons, wares, and Men belonging to either Confederate, shall in their passage have Letters of Safe Conduct, commonly called Passports and Certificates, whereof the hereunder written forms shall be word for word observed, and subscribed and signed by the Chief Magistrate or Head Commissioners of the Customs and Imposts of that Province and City whence they come, and the true names of the Ships, carriages, wares, Masters of the Ships, shall be specified, the days also and times, together with such other descriptions as are expressed in the following form of a Certificate, shall without any fraud be particularized. Wherefore, if any one who upon the faith of that oath, whereby he is bound to his Prince, State, or City, shall affirm, that he hath alleged nothing but the truth, and afterwards be convicted of wilful fraud in that allegation, he shall be punished with severity, and as a Person guilty of the breach of that oath.

Form of Passport.

:

We, N. N., Governor or Chief Magistrate, or Commissioners of the Imposts and Customs of the City or Province of N. [putting the title or office of the respective Government of that place] do certify, that upon the

:

day of the month of

,

in the year of our Lord N. N. N. Citizens and Inhabitants of N. and Subjects of His Majesty, the King of Great Britain, or the King of Sweden, (as the case shall happen,) did personally appear before us in the City or Town of N. under the Dominion of His Majesty the King of Great Britain, or of His