Figure 6 shows a common use of the target, that of a horizontal adjustment used generally with shafting on piers where it is not advisable or convenient to make any other set up.

Figure 6 shows a very common arrangement where the shafting runs under tables or benches. It is really a simple offset arrangement.

FIGURE 7. SHAFTING UNDER BENCHES OR TABLES.

The merit of this system is based upon the portable target and its centering features because of its invariable relation to the line of the shaft. Each reading presents the actual condition of the hanger both as regards the alignment and level at one operation. The crosshairs of the architect's level showing on the face of the target, indicates the two positions, whether the shafting is high or low or out of alignment. The boxes can be adjusted to one one-hundredth of an inch if desired. and a reading of any length shafting can be made. All arrangements of the targets provide for the accurate locating of the engineer's level in positions convenient to the operator. The method is simple, absolutely accurate and economical; so simple that any ordinary millwright can use it, so accurate as to insure the reducing of an ordinary friction load anywhere from 10 to 50 per cent., and so economical as to enable two men to do in an hour's time, whether night or day, more actual work than four men can do in four hours' time under the old method.

Another interesting and unique feature of the outfit is that with it shafting in motion can be aligned accurately.

LINING-UP SHAFTING IN MOTION.

A careful study of Figure 8 will be interesting for the reason that this photograph was taken while the shafting was running at a speed of 185 revolutions a minute. In this particular case neither the architect's level nor portable target was affected in the least by vibration nor the running of the shafting, and an absolutely perfect reading was secured. While it is advisable at all times to align shafting when not in motion, it is nevertheless true that a perfect operation can be secured even though the shafting is in use. The only thing that will affect the reading would be the vibration from the floor or ceiling such as is found in the weaving room, which would make it difficult to get an absolute reading of your architect's level, although

even in this case a man with some experience and one who has used the outfit will have no difficulty in aligning the shaft.

Figure 9 shows the aligning of shafting in actual operation. by means of the offset feature of the target, made necessary because of the obstruction under the shaft, making it impossible to get a clear sight under the centre of the shafting.

EXPERIENCES AND TESTS.

We now present some definite experiences showing the value of a scientific method of surveying shafting. We will eliminate formulas or mathematical problems of any kind, and in a simple, comprehensive way, explain through this series of conditions what is liable to happen in any plant.

FIGURE 10.- ERRORS IN LINE OF SHAFTING IN DAILY USE.

Figure 10 shows a condition that existed in a plant in the city of Worcester, Mass. This is a main line shaft 226 feet long in the basement. On this shaft, the main drive was on one end, the shafting passing through four brick walls. It was so situated as to make it impossible to align it from end to end by any other method than that herein described. A survey of this shaft was made at the instance of the superintendent, who appreciated the fact that something was wrong as shown by the power consumption card. Setting up the instruments a reading was taken, showing a sag of 24 inches in about 25 feet. The shaft was also very badly out of alignment. Investigation showed the fact that about eight months previous there had been an accident to the building when temporary repairs had been made, but inaccessibility and a pressure of business furnished the excuse for setting up the shaft temporarily in what proved to be a dangerous position. Adjusting to perfect alignment and level resulted not only in the saving of power but in more efficient work on all the machines.