No. 35-VOL. 7.

AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, NOVEMBER 18, 1825.

AGRICULTURE.

(From the Bulletin des Sciences-Translated for the American Farmer.)

273

ern exposure is most favourable, where the rays of not rain, they should be watered in the evening, if the sun may be admitted on all sides, and the hops there is no fear of frost.

defended from the north winds, which are very To procure plants, uncover the old roots in the ON THE CULTURE OF HOPS fatal to them in the spring, when the plants begin to spring, choose the strongest of two years growth [THE CULTURE OF HOPS for sale, is, we believe, shoot; situations near rivers, ponds, &c. should be They are fit to plant out when they are the thickconfined to a small portion of the Union, and the avoided on account of the humidity, and those also ness of a finger, five or six inches long, and a little knowledge of the process for raising, curing, and near great roads on account of the dust. There fibrous, if they are firm and perfect, and if each bringing them to market, very limited-yet this are many situations at the foot of the chain of hills plant has four or five shoots. When they have cannot be from any want of soil adapted to their called Vosges, which would be perfectly suitable to grown a foot and a half or two feet high, take away growth in almost all the states. The places where the culture of this plant. The hop is cultivated as the poles which are in the middle and replace them they have appeared to us to flourish, with most the vine, and they are propagated by roots the same by others of a middling size. They should then be luxuriance and vigor, are in the deep valleys be-way as asparagus. However, as in this plant the worked, and the earth put round the pole in form of tween our high mountain ridges. We should suppose sexes are distinct, and the male flowers have no a hill. The lower leaves of the stalk should first that at the present price of 30 cents per pound, they fruit, care should be taken in making a hop field, to be taken off, and the weeds which have grown would well repay the labour of the husbandman. leave only a sufficient quantity for bearing. around them pulled up. As the vines grow long, In previous volumes, we have given what were There is, properly speaking, but one kind of hop; three of the most vigorous should be tied as slightesteemed valuable directions, as they were derived but by cultivation there are five sorts, among which ly as possible to the pole, taking care to wind them from the best domestic sources, and we now pre- there is a great choice. The first is distinguished round it from the left to the right; the rest should sent a treatise on the subject, translated from one by stalks of a green colour, more deep than clear; be cut as near to the root as can be done without of the excellent French journals received in ex- the cones of it are white. This is regarded as the injuring it, leaving however two, for about fifteen change for the American Farmer.] best, it ripens early, is much used in brewing and days, in case of accidents. They should never be is in great demand by purchasers. tied too early in the morning, because having gainThe cones of the second sort are white as the ed more sap during the night, they are more brittle preceding, but smaller; it ripens eight or ten days in the cool of the morning than in the heat of the ON THE CULTURE OF HOPS, BY M. FODERE. sooner than the first, but produces less. sun. Tying them too tight will prevent their A remark of the author of this memoir informs The third sort, called garlic hop, has stalks of a growth. The second working, or hoeing, should be us, that it has been made as much from his own re- crimson colour; its cones are long, four sided, and done towards the 24th of June; and the third about searches, as from the work of a German author, a little reddish at the end. It ripens later than the the end of July, taking care always to hill them, Counsellor Ackerman, of Carlsruhe, from notes former, yields a great deal of fruit, which contains and to leave at the top a hollow to receive the rain. furnished him by Professor Nestler, and those who less seed, but more flour; it does not form bunches, or They should be always worked in dry weather. have cultivated it. This memoir having appeared clusters-its cones are supported by a long stalk. It As the stalks grow higher, they should be careto form a complete treatise on the culture of the is the best late hop, and much esteemed by brewers. fully tied to prevent their falling down. When they hop, we have thought it our duty, for the benefit of The fourth has stalks of clear red, and begins to are young and low the leaves should not be taken such of our readers as attend to the cultivation of bloom about the 24th of August; it yields but little off, because it is from them that they receive this plant, to follow the author in his developments fruit and ripens very late; it is often overtaken by strength. As they grow a little higher, then the on this subject. the frost and completely spoiled. leaves should be taken off, particularly the large M. Fodere, in the first place, observes, that the The fifth has stalks of very deep red; the leaves ones, which weaken the plant and prevent the ciruse of beer, or the aqueous solution of the ferment-are vigorous; it yields but little fruit, seed or flour; culation of air. ing principle in grain, is almost as ancient as that it is considered the worst. The late and early hop It is sometimes necessary, in a very dry season, of wine; an assertion which he proves from the re- should both be cultivated in the same hop fieldy but to water them bebre you work them, and take off mains of the ancient compositions of the northern it would be well to separate them, by which means, the leaves, which will make the fruit ripen earlier bards, and from the writings of Homer and Hero- if the season be favourable, there will be two crops, and increase the quantity. The hop-field must be dotus, as regards the people of the south and east. if unfavourable, you will be sure of one. hoed with great care. The first year you may culHe ascribes the invention of this drink to the Teu- A hop field may be planted either in spring or tivate in it potatoes or any other vegetable, but a tonic and Scandinavian nations; but it is probable, autumn. If planted in autumn, it will give a small crop of any thing the second year would be very he adds, that beer was then made without hops. crop the first year, if planted in the spring, it will injurious. In order to defend them from the cold We are entirely ignorant as to the time when this not produce till the second year. It is, however, it will be proper at the commencement of winter, to vegetable was first made use of. However, the hop is best to plant it in the spring. put around each plant half a foot of manure, to dig much esteemed in those countries where beer is used; It should therefore be commenced in autumn by it in well, and to hill it again. It will be necessary and on this account it forms an important branch of dividing the ground, forming the lines lengthwise; to renew the same operations every year, and prune the prosperity of the countries beyond the Rhine. stakes should be placed at 5 feet distance to the end the hop plants in the same manner as is done with The beer of Strasburg is held in great repute. of the line; a second line drawn parallel at the dis- the grape vine. The hops which are used there, are brought mostly tance of 5 feet; and the stakes laid down in the The poles are generally made of birch or alder: from Germany; though, however, they are French manner of a chess board. they should be cut at the large end at about 18 hops, which are bought in France and sold again At each stake make a hole 4 feet square and 3 inches or two feet high, on three sides tapering to a to the brewers of Strasburg, who, from a prejudice feet deep; throw the earth from the surface on one point; and as the poles, which ought to be 18 or which is but too common, reject as French, the side, and that from the bottom on the other side; 20 feet high, form the principal expense in making same which they afterwards buy as German hops. leave it out all winter. In the month of February a hop-field, the following precautions should be Te put an end to a state of things so contrary to or of March, fill the holes two-thirds with the earth used to preserve them. Burn them at the end and the true interests of Alsace, the author has thought from the surface, (which was laid aside,) mixed rub them with tar; or it may be better after they that the diffusion of the ideas on the culture of this with manure and good earth, and complete it a foot are blunted and very dry, to put them in lime water plant would be very useful. The Agricultural So- above the surface with good earth, (unmixed with and leave them in it for three days, then take them ciety of the grand duchy of Baden is encouraging manure,) so as to form a hill. This earth sinks out and let them dry; rub them with sulphuric acid this branch of industry, and has published the re-down of itself, and if it is not enough so at the time weakened by eight times its quantity of water, and sult of its first experiments. of planting, it should be made so. This operation then leave them to dry. This process hardens Bohemia and Spalta, in Franconia, are celebra- should be performed in April during fine weather, them, shelters them from rain and the attacks of ted for producing the best hops; and this is attribu- in the following manner: vermin, and prevents them from decaying. They ted principally to the great care they bestow on Put a pole in the middle of each hill, and make should be placed perpendicularly, and to make them. Most lands are adapted to the culture of trenches with the hand at the distance of a foot and them more firm, two stakes should be affixed to this plant, when well manured, light and moveable a half from the pole, forming a triangle-plant at each pole and tied together with a strong wire, or to the depth of 2 or 3 feet, and neither too dry nor each angle one root; or, if they are not strong, two-packthread well tarred. Notwithstanding this, a too wet. A stiff argilaceous soil does not suit so plant them horizontally, cover them with good hop-field is sometimes thrown down by strong winds; well, because it is difficult for the roots to penetrate earth; press it a little, taking care not to injure the they should therefore be tied together at the tops it, a very light, sandy soil, not affording sufficient roots; then cover them again, forming a hill some diagonally, with like strings; a precaution which will nourishment, suits no better. Finally, with suitable inches high, in the middle of which leave a small effectually protect the poles and the hop. care, such as manuring abundantly sandy soils; hollow or hole, that the rain may sink to the roots. The hop requires immediate nourishment; theremarling and liming stiff clayey soils; draining moist In planting, take care that the roots do not touch fore the manure should be well rotted-cow manure grounds, and watering the dry, &c. &c., there are the manure, (in any manner,) which would rot is best; neither that of horses nor hogs is fit for this but few kinds of soil that will not suit. But the them. If it should rain immediately after they are culture, because the straw that is mixed with it exposition is an important consideration. A south-planted, they will soon begin to shoot, if it does is never sufficiently rotted. Even the cow manure 35-VOL. 7.

which is taken from the stable is not fit; and those The remedy for the first (canker,) which consists of expressly for that purpose; but the best way is to who intend making a hop-field in the spring, ought a mushroom formed at the root, causing the plant dry them in the air. I learn, says the author, by a in autumn to put the manure in a heap, and cover to wither, is to renew the plant. The second evil notice communicated by Col. Charpentier, of Hait with earth; by this means it will be well rotted (meillée,) is produced by the development of a re-guenau, that he has tried to dry them in madder and reduced almost to mould. The author says sinous matter which draws thousands of insects, kilns, but does not find this a good method, because mould, because this compost seems to suit the hop which blacken the leaves, stalks, poles, and even the hops turn quickly brown, become very brittle much better than manure, which contains small the ground, by the fall of their excrements. This and lose easily their leaves in packing them away. plants and insects, and is, as it were, less digesti- disease is in some measure epidemical. Yet the When they are dry, they must be put in bags or ble for the radicles of the hop. plant does not die, and has not always the same casks; but before you proceed to this operation, you The author has thought proper to add in his me- disease the next year. should spread them a little in damp weather to moir, the manner of making a kind of compost, indi- The hop harvest comes on about August or Sep make them soft or tough, so that they may be less cated by a German author in a treatise on the culture tember, according as you have cultivated the early brittle and bear packing up better. These bags and of hops. Make a large deep hole not far from the or late kind. You may ascertain their ripeness, casks must be put in a dry and airy place, where dwelling house, into which the waters from the stable 1st. By the cones changing their colour from a the hops may be kept many years. and kitchen can flow. Collect the mud from ditches greenish to a brownish yellow; 2d. When they have After the hops are gathered, the poles must be and the raspings of horn, the parings of cows' feet, a very strong odour; 3d. When they are very clam-put away in a dry place, and the hop roots covered the low grounds, the scrapings of streets, rotten my; 4th. When you find between the leaves which with mould, and covered again with earth. In the wood, hair of tanned skins, ashes, all kinds of rags. form the cones, a farina which adheres to the fin- following spring the same directions should be folsaw-dust, turf, weeds, and in general all sorts of offal gers; 5th. When the seeds are hard and brown. lowed which I have given above. from animal and vegetable substances, and throw This crop, or harvest, ought to be gathered in a The duration of a hop-field is not well ascertaininto the hole. Independent of the waters above-dry season; for during rain, mist or dew, they moulded; but the author has been informed that there are mentioned, water the whole of this from time to easily, for this reason many hands should be em- some at Haguenau which have been planted twentime, with manure liquor, taking care to stir the mix-ployed. The vines should be cut two or three feet ty years, and still produce well. It is not for beer ture, then cover it again with planks to prevent eva- from the ground with a sickle well sharpened, tak-only that the hop is useful; (its uses extend much poration. If, when you want to use it, it should ing care not to stir the root; the poles should then be further,) besides the leaves, which are used as mebe too wet, add as much good earth as will give it a taken away with the hop, and laid carefully on the dicine, and the young shoots for cooking-the body. If you have not animal substances, which ground: the stalks must be cut the length of the poles. stalks, after the fruit has been taken off, may be sometimes happens in the country, put in the hole a If the weather is fine, they may be gathered used with great advantage to tie the hop itself, to bed of manure three feet high, and on that a bed of from the cones immediately. By this means the bind bundles of wood, brooms, &c. After steeping turf or sod eighteen inches thick, and successively a hops are not so much shook, and retain better their them in water 24 hours, they easily separate in bed of manure and turf of the above thickness, to farina and seeds. For this purpose you should have many parts, and are used in Sweden and Lithuania which may be added tan-bark or saw-dust, being wooden frames (tressels,) to put the poles on; under- as a substitute for hemp and ropes. This at least careful to spread over it a little quicklime, reduced neath put a cloth to receive the cones as they are we read of in the Memoirs of the Academy of to ashes, which will make it rot quicker. Leave gathered. You should not take down more than Stockholm, for the year 1750; where we learn, also, holes on the surface of the heap, and frequently pour you can secure in the day. The cloth filled with that the stalks of the hops when steeped, make as manure liquor into them. By these two methods hops must be taken to the house, and put on the good a thread as the nettle, longer than hemp, and you will procure good mould; the first, however, is floor in an airy situation. If the weather is damp, that the inhabitants of Jentieland and Medalpadia the stalks, with the fruit on them, should be taken make linen and ropes of them. They take stalks of

much more active.

every year.

[From the New England Farmer.] (Concluded from p. 269, American Farmer.) BRIGHTON CATTLE SHOW. No. II.

It is not uncommon to see in a hop-field recently away in a cart and put in a suitable place; but they the length of a yard, and even a yard and a half, planted, in a rich and well manured soil, some of must not be left long in a heap for fear of their and steep them all winter. This operation finished, the strongest plants bearing the first year-this is being overheated, which would destroy the colour it is prepared for carding like hemp or flax. We called the virgin hop. When they are ripe, the and good taste of the fruit Gather them as soon are assured that the linen made of it is as beautiful stalks should be cut off 2 or 3 feet from the ground, as possible, and separate those which are not en- as that made of these two plants, except that it is of and the poles are taken away with the plant to ga-tirely ripe, and be careful not to leave among them a reddish colour, as there has not yet been any means ther them from the cones. It is seldom that a hop- any stalks or leaves; these give the beer a bad discovered to bleach it. field bears well, or has all its strength, till the third taste. As soon as you gather a basketful, spread year, and the strength of the fruit increases in pro- them as thin as possible on a floor, dry and well portion as the plant grows old; as it lasts from 10 to swept; stir them every day till they are dry; take 15 years and more, the quality of the fruit improves care not to shake them too much. During this operation, the windows should be kept open, if the Hogs, and other domestic animals, make great weather is dry; but if it is damp, the doors and havoc in a hop-field; it should therefore be sur-windows should be shut As they dry, they should THE Committee on all other Stock than Bulls and rounded by a hedge. The hop is subject to various be heaped up a little, and finally they must be put diseases; such as the cancer, (canker,) the miellée, in large heaps, which must be stirred once every day Fiske, and Thomas Williams, report, that they Fat Cattle, consisting of Messrs. J. Welles, Luke (honey-dew,) without speaking here of the many with the handle of a rake, to prevent their heating have seen with pleasure the general improvement The hops are sufficiently dry when the ends of of the stock which has been successively of late Hops are liable to be affected by many diseases, the cones are hard and brittle. It is necessary to exhibited at the Brighton Cattle Show. This has been the result of an increasing ardour in competibesides the influence which is produced from a variety attend to this point, that they may be immediately of insects, and particularly the aphis, which take up protected from the sun and air, which injures their tion, honourable to those who act under its influtheir abode on the leaves of the plant. The first is quality; for the hops then turn brown and are un-ence, and most beneficial to the community. If (as called the soot, a black byssoidal substance, which co-saleable. The English dry them on boards made might well be the case,) many more of our good vers the upper surface of the leaves, and more espeeially during very hot weather. This black substance

kinds of insects which destroy the leaves and roots they should then be covered with a linen cloth.

stock, with our household and other manufactures, were exhibited, an increasing interest might be has been found by modern botanists to belong to the his Flore Francaise, tom. 5, p. 106. This mushroom given to this holiday, adding still more to its influfamily of alga. Mr. Persoon, in his Mycologia Euro- substance grows on the under part of the hop leaves, in ence and utility. Enough, however, has been alpoa, tom. 1, p. 9, designates it as the Fumago Vagans; numerous filaments, irregular, and of whitish colour; he defines it as follows: crustœformis, nigra, ex mate- the parts affected by them show a spot of pale red. ready shown, to convince those who look to these rie subcompacta, fibrillis raris intertexta, formata, fo- This mushroom, as well as its destructive effects on the great sources of our national prosperity, that they liis afflata; and he adds "in the beginning of summer hop, did not escape either Linnæus or Ehrhardt-the will not be neglected by an intelligent people. and fall, but especially in very hot weather, the leaves former calling it the Mucer Erysiphe humul, the latter In the examination of stock, the committee beof the linden, maple, elm, poplar, oak, alder and willow Albigo humuli. gan with milch cows, and after a careful comparitrees are found covered with a black substance, as if Latterly a German author, Dr. Wallroht, of Halle, in son, were induced to award the first premium of they had been exposed to smoke"-it is published in Saxony, has made this species of the mushroom the sub- $30 to George H. Hardy, of Waltham. This cow the 7th fascie. Stirp. Cyptogamia Vogeso-Rhemance, ject of a monograph, which is inserted in the 1st vol. of did not exceed the middle size, was of native stock, No. 690, under the name of fumago foliorum." In the the Memoirs of the Society of Natural History at Ber-7 years old, and for some months after calving gave month of September last, the leaves of all the linden lin, 1819; he calls the species which is found on the hop about 18 quarts of milk. For nearly four months trees which ornament our public walks, were covered Alphitomorpha macularis. These little beings, by the aid with this fumago. of a magnifying glass, present a form of elegant strucshe averaged 114 lbs of butter a week. In July The second disease to which the hop is subject, is ture. last she gave 46 lbs. of milk; she now affords 42 the erisyphes of hops, belonging to the mushroom fami- (The above note was communicated to Mr. Ferrusac lbs. and holds out over 3 quarts of milk to nearly ly, and which is so well described by M. de Candolle, in by Mr. Nestler.) the time of calving.

but awaken and excite to more multiplied courses
of experience, and thus lead us to more satisfactory
and certain results.

5. Aaron D. Williams, Roxbury-plough by Warren, of Dedham-work done in 39 minutes. 6. Stedman Williams, Roxbury-plough by Warren, of Dedham-work done in 33 minutes.

The Committee award the second premium of $20 to the Rev. John White, of Dedham. This cow was of native stock and of middle size, and gave 12 lbs. of butter for six weeks in succession. In one week As to Sheep, your committee made as careful an 12 lbs. 13 ounces was made from her milk. For examination of the merinoes, from Saxony and else- The lots were exactly one-eighth of an acre; the three months she averaged 104 lbs. of butter; in where, as was in their power; and they award, land only two years since laid down, and very thin the best of the season over 18 quarts of milk. The first premium for a merino ram of the Saxo-sward, that the committee apprehended handsome These cows were so alike and both excellent, that ny breed to Joseph Barrett, of Concord, $15. work could not be effected. They are gratified, the committee might well feel at a loss. The forThe 2d premium to the same gentleman, for his however, in stating, that by the skill of the ploughmer was preferred, from holding out her milk for a merino ram, $10. men and drivers, and the great docility of the catrather longer period, and some other slight causes. tle, the work was extremely well performed.

For a flock of merino ewes, the 1st premium to
the said Joseph Barrett, $20.
The 2d premium for do. to George M. Barrett,
of Concord, $10.

There were exhibited a fine specimen of long
woolled sheep by Major Jaques.

The committee award the third premium of $15 to Nathan Pierce, of Salem. This cow was of great product in milk, and had given by statement 3528 quarts of milk in a year, being an average of nearly 10 quarts a day. Her, milk appeared rich, and well suited for the dairy, certificates of which were furnished from several who had used of it. But it beautiful pair of twin lambs, male and female, of Mr. Shepherd, of Northampton, also exhibited a was not sufficiently shown how far she was of value the improved Leicestershire breed. As these were in this particular, which is most essential. not imported, but brought from a neighbouring There were some other cows of great product, state, and there bred, your committee were relucwhich might have competed, or been preferred even to those to whom the premiums have been tantly compelled to consider them as not entitled to premiums. awarded. But the representations offered, on which Of Swine, the exhibition was of a very improved a judgment was to be formed, were too general. character. The pens were crowded with them They were sufficient, however, to induce your committee to infer that they probably were very supe rior animals. There were several other milch cows offered for premium, some with calves in high or der at their sides. But in these cases, though adding to the interest of the show, your committee found in many respects a want of those circumstances and of that precision which would be requisite in order to make them proper subjects of consideration.

The cow exhibited by the Rev. Dr. Foster, of Brighton, called Flora, was a very fine one, giving nearly 18 quarts a day of rich milk. The pens contained several other fine cows for exhibition only.

Of the heifers in milk, your committee were of opinion that the first premium of $15 should be awarded to Ebenezer Niles, of Boston, for a very fine heifer of the hornless or Galloway breed, the sire Cœlebs. This animal would have received, we are authorized to say, the first premium last year for heifers, but she was by mistake inserted for exhibition only. Her excellence now is better established.

The second premium of $10 for heifers in milk, the committee award to Josiah Seaverns, of Roxbury, for his heifer from a native cow. Her sire the imported Alderney bull, given to the society by John Hubbard, Esq., now in the possession of Mr. Parsons.

These heifers were of strong promise. The premiums for heifers the committee award as follows:

A

breed of hogs with small bones and subject to little
waste, quiet and disposed to fatten and yet of great
weight, were found to have taken place of the long,
lank, coarse, greedy and insatiable animal, with
which our country has been infested.

The committee award for the best boar, to Silas
Dudley, of Sutton,

The 1st premium,

The 2d do. to George M. Robbins,
The 3d do. to John Parkman, of Brighton,
The committee award

For the best sow to Capt. John Mackay,
For the next best to Silas Dudley, of Sutton,
To Moses Bright, of Watertown, the 3d do.
For the best store pigs to Capt. John Mackay,
of Weston, the 1st premium of
The 2d to Jonas Cutter, of Weston,

$12

8

5

Of the stock presented for exhibition, the committee noticed a beautiful cow of the hon. William Gray.

They were very particular in directing that the cattle should not be hurried, and forty minutes were allowed for the task. They have been unanimous ful competitors will not be deterred from trying in deciding the premiums, and hope the unsuccess

another season.

They award the first premium
To Sherman Barrett, of Concord,
Himself as ploughman,
Prescott Barrett, driver,

2d. To Aaron Davis Williams,.
Eben. Lord, ploughman,
David How, driver,

3d. To Samuel Sibley, of Sutton,
Ditto, as ploughman,

Benjamin Woodbury, driver,

The Committee on Inventions, report, that the entries on this head were uncommonly few.

Two yokes were offered for premium, the one by Leonard Dodge, of Sutton; the other by Moses There were several heifers of Mr. Parsons' full Bellows, of Shrewsbury; both of fine workmanship and part blooded, which were deservedly admired. and very creditable to the mechanics who made Of animals not strictly within the authority of the them; but, as far as the committee could perceive, committee, they will be excused for noticing, as neither possessed qualities so different from other adding to the show, the beautiful mare and horse yokes as entitled them to any premiums as invencolt, generously presented to the society by Admiral tions, and no persons were in attendance to explain Sir Isaac Coffin. the peculiar advantages resulting from the particular difference perceptible between these and common yokes.

A blood mare with a mule by her side, was exhi-
bited by S. W. Pomeroy, Esq.

A fine mare colt was also exhibited by Major
Talbot, of Dedham.

A plough was also entered for premium by Mr. Stephen R. Phelps, of Marlborough. This plough appears to be a patented invention originally made in New Jersey. The great peculiarity of this plough consists in making the nose or point of the plough independent of the share, and connecting it with a bar of steel, which can be moved forward by means All of which is submitted. of screws, as the nose or point wears, and being inPer order, JOHN WELLS, Chairman, verted, causes the action of the plough to counteract the effect of the wearing, and hence keep itself in working order better than the ordinary ploughs. No. III. From this circumstance, this plough is denominaThe Committee on the Ploughing Match of two ted the self-sharpening plough; and the committee The committee, before they pass to other stock, yoke of oxen, consisting of John Prince, Nathan think that the invention, if it have the effect assertmay be indulged in the remark, that to those who Adams, of Medford, and Daniel Adams, 3d. of New-ed, and which from its construction seems likely to favour the improvement of our own native stock bury, report, that six teams only appeared to con- be the case, must be an improvement of that imupon a well governed selection from them only, the tend, (eleven having previously retired,) viz: portant implement of agriculture. exhibition this day of milch cows must have been gratifying.

To Benjamin Harrington, of Princeton, for his
The committee were gratified to perceive a gene-
heifer 18 months old, the first premium of $12-ral improvement in the stock offered for inspection
the dam native, the sire Holderness.
at the Brighton cattle show; and they think the
To Wm. H. Prentice, of Boston, for his twins community have much to expect from efforts so
about 18 months old, from a fine native cow, well guided.
$10-the sire Colebs. The second for his red
heifer, $10. The third for his red roan heifer,
8 dollars.

To John Prince, Esq., for his heifer from Denton, about 18 months old. The cow native-the 4th premium $6.

No. 1. Silas Dudley, of Sutton-plough made by Warren, of Dedham-work done in 31 minutes. On the other hand, the heifers in milk and the 2. Samuel Sibley, of Sutton-plough by Hall ⚫ther young stock afford room for the most ardent Sutton-work done in 35 min. 30 sec. anticipation of great and increasing improvements 3. Sherman Barrett, of Concord-plough of cast from the imported stocks. Much is doubtless to be iron by Tice-work done in 35 minutes. effected in both modes. The able and interesting 4. Joseph Curtis, of Roxbury-plough by Wardiscussion before the public on this subject, cannot ren, of Dedham-work done in 35 minutes.

Your committee, however, had no evidence of the instrument's having been used and approved by practical farmers; and therefore do not deem it within their authority to grant a premium.

Mr. J. P. Miriam, of Concord, also presented for premium a hassock cutter and plough cutter.

Both of them your committee cannot doubt to be useful in the particular soils for which they are

The Roxbury Colour and Paint Manufacturing Company, presented by Joseph R. Newell, their 3 agent, several samples of brilliant colours, of their manufacture. Their establishment is the first of the

3 kind within the state, and is said to meet with the Beautiful specimens of fine needle work were no- most encouraging success. ticed by the Committee:

The Committee on Agricultural Experiments, to whom was also committed the inspection of sundry articles of manufacture, for which premiums were offered, Report, that seven parcels of cheese, of more than one year old, and nineteen parcels of new cheese, were offered for the Society's premiums; with the exception of one parcel of old and one parcel of new cheese, all of it was from the town of New Braintree, in the county of Worcester. The new Lace veils, lace and fine work, by Lucy Cotting, cheese is superior in flavour and richness, to that Dorcas C. Fay, Merian S. Hayden, Maria S. Rogers, offered the last year. Of the old cheese, that from Merian L. Rogers, Hester Billings, and Hannah M. the dairy of Mr. Benjamin C. Perkins, of Becket, $7 Johnson. all of Boston. in the county of Berkshire, was considered by your

A lace veil by Miss S. S. Baxter, of Boston.
A lace veil by Sarah B. Steadman, of Boston.
A specimen of work by Sarah S. Savage, of Lan-
caster.

The object of giving gratuities in money being to Committee to be the best; and they award to him encourage manufactures of more general utility, as the premium of ten dollars. Your Committee could $15 well as to reward ingenuity and household industry, not, on thorough examination, find any parcel of old 7 the Committee fulfil their duty in mentioning the cheese which in their judgment was sufficiently good names of ladies who have embellished the exhibi- to be entitled to the second prenium; they are aware tion with ornamental works of taste. that great care and attention is required to preserve

Three pair of shoes presented by Cushman Bas-cheese for any considerable length of time uninjured sett, of Boston, were of first rate workmanship. in its flavour, and they are not unmindful that the A beautiful specimen of sewing silk, with a reel past season, from the extreme heat of the weather, $6 of raw silk, were exhibited by Mrs. Harris, of Dor- has been unfavourable to the preservation of cheese; 4 chester. still they are of the opinion that the interest of the

No. VII.

farmer would be greatly subserved by having a proes the cotton into the bale. The power of this maper deposite for his cheese, in which the tempera- The undersigned, a Committee appointed to test chine is such, that from 450 to 500 pounds of cotture of the air should vary as little as possible the merits of the Working Cattle, and award the ton can be pressed into 5 yards of 42 inch bagging, through the year. different premiums, have attended the duty assign-with considerable ease, and in a very short time. Eleven parcels of butter were entered for premi-ed them, and Report as follows, viz:-Fourteen yoke The superior advantages of this machine are um, none of it such as your Committee deemed to of cattle appeared on the ground, and had been re- clearly manifest, that in addition to the small quanbe of the very first quality; some of it being too gularly entered. Several persons who had entered tity of bagging required, (which certainly is an highly charged with salt; and from several of the their cattle were prevented attending in consequence object,) two hands can with great ease pack from parcels the buttermilk was not sufficiently express- of sickness in their families. One yoke was reject-eight to twelve bales in one day, if the cotton is ed; that from the dairy of the Rev. Lemuel Capen, ed, having received one of the premiums last year, convenient, by having some assistance in sewing, of South Boston, was considered to be the best, and the cattle at that time were three years old. Trial which is by far the most tedious part. The simpliyour Committee recommend that the premium of was made on the ground used several years past for city of this machine, and its superior power, are fifteen dollars be paid to him; the premium of ten that purpose. The wagons with their contents of greatly admired by mechanical artists, and in fact dollars, to Mr. Michael Crosby, of Bedford, in the stones, weighed five thousand pounds, the weight all who have seen it. By a mechanical demonstracounty of Middlesex, for the next best, the premium drawn by each yoke of cattle. Your Committee, tion it is proven, that the power of the lever and its of seven dollars, to Mr. Luther Chamberlain, of after a careful trial, and, as they hope, discriminat- concomitants, are equal, if not superior to any, even Westborough, in the county of Worcester, for the ing correctly, award the following premiums, viz: to the wedge, if properly applied. next best; and the premium of five dollars, to Mr. Jacob Dean, of Mansfield, in the county of Bristol, for the next best.

To John Scammel, of Bellingham, the 1st.
premium

$25
20

15
12

From the high and frequent encomiums passed on the invention, the subscriber is induced to offer it To Perley Tapley, of Sutton, the 2d. do. to the public as something worthy of their imme. Ten samples of currant wine were entered for diate notice. Any person that may want, can apBenj. Woodbury, of Sutton, the 3d. do. premium, most of it superior to any offered last seaply to the subscriber. The probable cost will be Royal Marble, of Sutton, the 4th do. son; and with two or three years' additional age, fifty dollars, when all the materials are found, and would fall little short of the best light wines of EuSamuel Sibley, of Sutton, the 5th. do. eighty, if not found. Patent letters having been rope; the red wine made by John Prince, Esq. of Your Committee considered the cattle as superior obtained from the Department of State of the UniRoxbury, was considered to be the best; and is en- to any exhibited at any former Cattle Show in this ted States, all persons are prohibited from making titled to the premium of ten dollars; the white wine place; but in training, particularly in backing with or using the same without legal right. All infringemade by Mr Kenrick, of Newton, the next best; a load, they were sorry to observe a great deficiency.ments will meet with the rigor of the law, made and and is entitled to the premium of five dollars. All which is respectfully submitted by

GORHAM PARSONS,
SAMUEL G. DERBY,
ELIJAH PERRY.

8

provided in such cases. Any mechanic that may wish to be benefited by the invention, may, by paying a very moderate sum, secure individual county or state rights. The same is offered to farmers and all others.

The size of the machine is sixteen feet long, three feet wide, and can be used in a house of six

Four barrels of cider were entered for premium; none of which was deemed to be of the first quality; that made by Colonel Daniel Leland, of Sherburne, in the county of Middlesex, was adjudged to be the best; and is entitled to the society's second premium, being ten dollars. Your Committee cannot refrain from offering it as their opinion that little or no im- The subscriber respectfully informs his friends teen feet pitch, or brought so near the outside that provement has for several years past taken place in and the public in general, that he has invented a the cotton can be conveyed by a tube from the gin the making of cider; a liquor the use of which would new and useful machine, for the purpose of Packing to the press. be much increased, was more attention observed in Cotton into square bales, by the power of a lever, act

PATENT COTTON PRESS.

LEWIS LAYSSARD.

manufacturing it; in such case it would without doubt ing on a fulcrum, which drives the follower that press- Halifax, N. C., Sept. 28, 1825.

be, to a very considerable extent, substituted for ardent spirits; the great consumption of which in this country, is exceedingly to be deprecated-sufficient attention is seldom paid to cleansing the casks into which the cider is to be put.

Several hives of honey were entered for premium; that offered by Mr. Ebenezer Fitch, of Sterling, in the county of Worcester, was not considered to be of the very first quality, but having proved to the satisfaction of your Committee, that he had taken up the present season on his own farm, two hundred and sixty-six pounds of honey, they recommend that the premium of ten dollars be paid to him. Mr. Ebenezer Withington, of Dorchester, took up the present season, on his farm, seventy pounds of honey of good quality, "made by one hive of bees in fortyone days." Mr. Samuel Brigham, of Southborough, exhibited a glass hive excellently well constructed, and containing a large quantity of honey in the comb, the bees being still alive; these industrious manufacturers will keep possession of the premises until the spring when they will resume their labours. Mr. Brigham took up on his farm, the present season, one hundred and eighty pounds of honey.

Four cases, containing canisters of mustard, manufactured and exhibited by Mr. John P. Webber, of Beverley, in the county of Essex, packed in a very neat manner for transportation; on trial it was found to be of an excellent quality, not inferior in the opinion of your Committee to the best imported Durham mustard. THOS. L. WINTHOP, JOHN TAPPAN,

WM. PRESCOTT,
BENJAMIN GUILD.

The further claims for premiums on agricultural E E. The two cheeks of the maexperiments will not be decided upon until the Trus- chine.

tees Mecting, in December next, affording time for F. The floor of the machine.
the competitors to exhibit the evidence required—G. The windlass, to wind up the
soon and hereafter the Committee will make an ad- cord that raises the fulcrum.
ditional report.
H. The windlass, which carries

DESCRIPTION.

down the rear end of the lever
by the rope K.

I. The large handspike that turns
the windlass H.

K. The rope that brings down
the rear end of the lever by the
windlass H.

L. The small handspike, that
turns the windlass G.

K

M. The rope that raises the ful

crum.

N. The pin that keeps the ful-
crum up while putting cotton
into the press.

O. The iron bars which resist the
fore end of the lever.
P. The pin to lengthen or shorten
the bars.