Morse, E. W., B.A.S.: DAIRYING; LIVE STOCK. Formerly Professor in Bussey Institution. Editor of animal production and dairying in Experiment Station Record. Author of "The Ancestry of Cattle" and "The History of Cattle Breeding." Nelson, John M., B.S., Ph.D.: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Instructor in Organic Chemistry, Columbia University. Page, Logan Waller: HIGHWAYS. Director, United States Office of Public Roads. Author, "The Testing of Road Materials"; also numerous bulletins and papers on road construction. Palache, Charles, B.S., Ph.D.: MINERALOGY AND PETROGRAPHY. Assistant Professor of Mineralogy at Harvard University. Peyser, Herbert F.: MUSIC. Editor, Musical America, New York. Pray, James Sturgis: LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE. Fellow American Society of Landscape Architects; Assistant Professor of Landscape Architecture, and Chairman Department of Landscape Architecture, Harvard University. Quinn, Arthur Hobson, B.S., Ph.D.: AMERICAN LITERATURE. Professor of English, University of Pennsylvania; Secretary of the Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools of the Middle States and Maryland. Editor of "The Fair Maid of Bristow," George Eliot's "Silas Marner," Poe's Poems, with introduction and notes; also contributor to modern language periodicals. Ransome, Frederick Leslie, B.S., Ph.D.: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY. Geologist, United States Geological Survey; Associate Editor, Economic Geology. Author of monographic geological reports on mining districts in western United States, and contributions to scientific periodicals. Reamer, Lawrence: DRAMA. Dramatic Critic, The New York Sun. Reid, Henry Fielding, C.E., Ph.D.: EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES. Professor of Dynamical Geology and Geography, Johns Hopkins University; Special Expert in Earthquake Records, United States Geological Survey; Delegate of the United States to the International Seismological Association. Author of "The California Earthquake," Vol. II., etc. Rundell, Oliver S., LL.B.: CRIMINAL LAW. Instructor in Law, University of Wisconsin. Saunders, Frederick A., Ph.D.: PHYSICS. Professor of Physics, Syracuse University. Scott, C. P. G.: SIMPLIFIED SPELLING. Secretary Simplified Spelling Board, New York. Etymological editor "Century Dictionary." Seligman, Edwin R. A., Ph.D., LL.D.: TAXATION OF CORPORATIONS. McVickar Professor of Political Economy, Columbia University. Author of "Principles of Economics," "Essays on Taxation," "The Shifting and Incidence of Taxation," "The Economic Interpretation of History," "Progressive Taxation in Theory and Practice," "The Income Tax," and other volumes on economic topics. Sherman, H. C., Ph.D.: CHEMISTRY OF FOODS AND NUTRITION. Professor of Food Chemistry in Columbia University; formerly Shorey, Paul, Ph.D., LL.D.: GREEK PHILOLOGY. Professor of Greek, University of Chicago. Contributor to philological journals. Shumway, Daniel Bussier, B.S., Ph.D.: GERMANIC LITERATURE. Professor of German Philology, University of Pennsylvania. Author of "The Nibelungenlied," translated into English prose; and numerous scientific articles. Smith, Anna Tolman: EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. Specialist, Bureau of Education, Washington, D. C.; Associate Editor "Cyclopedia of Education." Contributor to educational periodicals. Smith, Ethel Marion: FISHERIES. Editor, United States Bureau of Fisheries; Assistant Recording Start, Edwin Augustus, A.B., A.M.: FORESTRY. Executive Secretary, American Forestry Association. Editor, American Forestry. Journalist and educator. Contributor to magazines. Steuart, William M., LL.B., LL.M.: MANUFACTURES. Chief Statistician for Manufactures, United States Census. Author of reports of various censuses on manufactures, electrical industries, transportation by water, fisheries, etc. Stoughton, Bradley, B.S., Ph.B.: IRON AND STEEL. Consulting Engineer. Author of "Metallurgy of Iron and Steel." Todd, David, Ph.D.: ASTRONOMY. Professor of Astronomy and Navigation, and Director of the Observatory, Amherst University. Tomkins, Calvin, A.B.: DockS, WHARVES AND WATERFRONTS. Commissioner, Department of Docks and Ferries, New York City. Walker, William H., A.M., Ph.D.: INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING. Professor of Industrial Chemistry and Director of the Research Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Author of many scientific and technical articles. Ward, Robert DeCourcy, A.M.: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY. Professor of Climatology, Harvard University. Author of "Practical Exercises in Elementary Meteorology," "Climate, Considered Especially in Relation to Man"; translator of Hann's "Handbuch der Klimatologie," 2d Ed., Vol. I. Contributor to geographical periodicals. Weitenkampf, Frank: ETCHING. Chief, Art and Prints Division, New York Public Library. Whitman, Roger B.: AERONAUTICS. Author of "Motor-car Principles," and contributor to technical periodicals. Wickware, Francis Graham, B.A., B.Sc.: FOREIGN HISTORY; PANAMA CANAL; MISCELLANEOUS. Managing Editor, THE AMERICAN YEAR BOOK. Wight, Frank Clinton, C.E.: CIVIL AND HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING. Associate Editor, Engineering News. Contributor to the technical press. Wilbur, Cressy L., Ph.M., M.D.: VITAL STATISTICS. Chief Statistician of Vital Statistics, Census Office, Washington. Author of State and Federal Registration Reports and Bulletins. Willcox, Walter F., Ph.D., LL.D.: APPORTIONMENT; PROBLEMS OF POPULA TION. Professor of Economics and Statistics, Cornell University. Author of "The Divorce Problem, a Study in Statistics," and "Supplementary Analysis and Derivative Tables, Census Office, 1906," and many papers on economic topics. Wilson, Edwin Bidwell, Ph.D.: MATHEMATICS. Associate Professor of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Wilson, Eugene Benjamin: COAL, COKE AND PETROLEUM. Editor, Mines and Minerals. Author, "Practical and Theoretical Mine Ventilation," "Cyanide Processes," "Chlorination Process," etc. Wilson, Harry Langford, A.M., Ph.D., LL.D.: EPIGRAPHY. Professor of Roman Archæology and Epigraphy, Johns Hopkins University. Editor of "Satires of Juvenal"; Associate Editor of the Classical Weekly. Contributor to technical periodicals. Woodruff, Clinton Rogers, Ph.B., LL.B.: CIVIL SERVICE; MUNICIPAL GOVERN MENT. Secretary National Municipal League. Editor, "City Government by Commission." Contributor to magazines and periodicals. Woodworth, Jay Backus, B.S., F.G.S.A.: DYNAMICAL GEOLOGY. Assistant Professor of Geology, Harvard University; formerly of the United States Geological Survey. Director Shaler Memorial Expedition to Brazil and Chile (1908-09). Author of reports on geology, “Life of Dr. C. T. Jackson,” etc. Wyman, Walter, A.M., M.D., LL.D.: PUBLIC HEALTH AND HYGIENE. Surgeon-General, Public Health and Marine Hospital Service; first vice-president, American Medical Association; Medical Editors' Association; chairman, International Sanitary Bureau of American Republics. Author of many pamphlets on public health and sanitation and 20 reports of the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service; also of "A Cruise on the United States Practice Ship, S. P. Chase." (Died, Nov. 21, 1911.) THE AMERICAN YEAR BOOK A RECORD OF EVENTS AND PROGRESS I. INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS A great number of statistical tables appear in the text of the AMERICAN YEAR BOOK, in close association with the discussion of the subjects to which they relate. In Department I, International Statistics, and Department II, National Statistics, certain tables are brought together for condensation of statement and convenience of reference. TABLE I NOTE.-The accompanying table was compiled by the late M. Emile Levasseur, Vice President of the InTHE WORLD'S AREA AND POPULATION ternational Institute of Statistics, In Millions. Population. Ratio to Total Population. 4,636,784 2.3 who said in regard to it: The area of the oceans is approxi mate. That of the divisions of the earth differs according to the position which writers assign to each part (consequently the population also differs). For example, the German geographers assign to Asia almost the whole of Malay, while we make it a part of Oceania; many geographers do not make Oceania a separate division, but combine Australia and the islands of the Southern Pacific Ocean. They also make a separate division of the northern 26.9 polar regions. We attach these re7.7 gions to the three parts of the world 52.3 to the north of which they are situThe German geographers do 116 7.2 ated. 2.8 not include Iceland in Europe; but many assign to Europe the part of the European government of Russia situated east of the Ural Mountains, as well as the provinces of the kingdoms of Portugal (Madeira) and Spain (Canaries, etc.) situated in Africa. Antarctic.. 4.7 437 Five Earth N. America. 10,046,367 Divi 45 3.1 sions... 53,593,506 27.0 1,626 100.0 Total.... 197,063,355 100.0 II. POPULATION OF THE WORLD ACCORDING TO RACE English.. 20,520,000 130,300,000 12.7 29.2 Portuguese 7,480,000 15,000,000| 4.7 3.3 31,450,000 52,100,000 19.4 11.7 Russian... 30,770,000 85,000,000 19.0 19.0 30,320,000 84,200,000 18.7 18.8 15,070,000 34,000,000 9.3 7.6 Total... 161,800,000 447,100,000 100.0 100.0 26,190,000 46,500,000 16.2 10.4 a The sovereign is the standard coin of India, but the rupee ($0.324%) is the current coin, valued at 15 to the sovereign. b The gold kran has a value of $0.1704. The currency is silver circulating above its market value. NOTE.-The coins of silver standard countries are valued by their pure silver contents at the average market price of silver for the three months preceding the dates of this table. France, Belgium, Italy, Greece, Roumania and Switzerland constitute what is known as the Latin Union, and their coins are alike in weight and fineness, occasionally differing in name. The same system has been in part adopted by Spain, Servia, Bulgaria, and Russia, but they have not joined the Union. |