Black Broth (No. 19. p. 300.).-If this were a sauce or condiment, may not the colour have been produced by the juice of the Boletus, much used in Greece to the present day? S. S. S.

Deputy-Lieutenants of the Tower of London.By whom were these officers appointed? What was the nature of their duties? Had they a salary, or was the office an honorary appointment? They used to meet periodically, was it for the transaction of business? if so, what business? Does the office still exist? S. S. S.

Buccaneers. - Charles 11. There is a passage in Bryan Edwards's History of the West Indies (vol. i. p. 164. 4to edit. 1793), in which he gives an opinion that the buccaneers of Jamaica were not the pirates and robbers that they have been commonly represented; and mentions, on the authority of a MS. journal of Sir William Beeston, that Charles II. had a pecuniary interest in the buccaneering, and continued to receive a share of the booty after he had publicly ordered the suppression of buccaneering: and also, speaking of Sir Henry Morgan, and the honours he received from Charles II., gives an opinion that the stories told of Morgan's cruelty are untrue. Can any of your readers tell me who Sir William Beeston was, and what or where his journal is? or refer me to any accessible information about Charles II.'s connection with the buccaneers, or that may support Bryan Edwards's favourable opinion of the Jamaica buccaneers and of Sir Henry Morgan ? C.

Travelling in 1590.— Richard Hooker.- Could any of your readers give me some particulars of travelling at the above period between London and Salisbury? I should also feel greatly indebted for any unpublished particulars in the life of the "Judicious Richard Hooker" after his marriage. Answers might be sent, either through "NOTES AND QUERIES," or direct to me,

Drayton Beauchamp, Tring.

W. HASTINGS Kelke.

2. Nashe's "Terrors of the Night" (wanting eight leaves at the beginning). Of this, Beloe (the only authority within my reach) says, that only one copy is known to exist; can his statement be correct?

3. A religious tract, which seems only remarkable for its bad printing, obscure wording, and almost invariably using the third person singular of the verb, whatever be the nominative. It begins

"To all you who profess the name of our Lord Jesus in words, and makes mention of his words, &c."...

And the first division ends

"This have I written in love to all your soules, who am one who did drinke of the cup of fornication, and have drunke of the cup of indignation, but now drinkes the cup of salvation, where sorrow and tears is fled away; and yet am a man of sorrows and well acquainted with griefe, and suffers with the seed, and travels that it may be brought forth of captivity; called by the world F. H."

Who is F. H.?

4. Sundry poems on husbandry, housewifery, and the like, by Thomas Tusser; but as the tract is mutilated up to cap. 3., "I have been prayde,

To shew mine aide," &c.,

I am not book-learned enough to know whether it be the same as Tusser's Five Hundred Poynts of Good Husbandry. Information on any of the aboye points would oblige

J. E.

Prebendaries. -When were prebendaries first appointed, and what the nature of their duties generally? What is the rank of a prebendary of a cathedral or other church, whether as a layman or a clerk in orders? Would a vicar, being a prebendary, take precedence as such of a rector not being one? Where is the best account of prebends to be found? S. S. S.

Luther's Portrait at Warwick Catsle.-There is at Warwick Castle a fine half-length portrait of Luther by Holbein, very unlike the ordinary portraits of the great reformer. Is this portrait a genuine one? Has it been engraved ? E. M. B.

Rawdon Papers.-The Rev. Mr. Berwick, in introducing to the public, in 1819, the interesting volume known by the name of Rawdon Papers, says,

the Hastings family, and is there any chance of a further publication? The volume published by Mr. Berwick contains some very interesting incidental illustrations of the politics, literature, and society of the seventeenth century, and much might be expected from the remaining papers. I may add, that this volume has not been so much used by historians as it should be; but, as was to be expected, it has not escaped Mr. Macaulay. It is not well edited. C.

Wellington, Wyrwast, Cokam.-In a MS. letter which I have relating to the siege of Taunton in the Civil war, is the following sentence, describing the movements of the royal army :

"The enemy on Friday last have quitted their garrisons in Wellington Wyrwast and Cokam houses; the two last they have burnt."

I am not certain about the second name, which seems to be Wyrwast; and should be obliged by any information relative to these three houses.

C. Blockade of Corfe Castle in 1644.-In Martyn's Life of Shaftesbury (vol. i. p. 148 ) it is stated that a parliamentary force, under Sir A. A. Cooper, blockaded Corfe Castle in 1644, after the taking of Wareham. I can find no mention any where else of an attack on Corfe Castle in 1644. The blockade of that castle, which Lady Bankes's defence has made memorable, was in the previous year, and Sir A. A. Cooper had not then joined the Parliament. I should be glad if any of your readers could either corroborate Martyn's account of a blockade of Corfe Castle in 1644, or prove it to be, as I am inclined to think it, a mis-statement. I should be very thankful for any information as to Sir Anthony Asteley Cooper's proceedings in Dorsetshire, Wiltshire, and Somersetshire, during the Civil War and Commonwealth, being engaged upon a life of Lord Shaftesbury. C.

MSS. of Locke.-A translation, by Locke, of Nicole's Essays was published in 1828 by Harvey and Darton, London; and it is stated in the titlepage of the book, that it is printed from an autograph MS. of Locke, in the possession of Thomas Hancock, M.D. I wish to know if Dr. Hancock, who also edited the volume, is still alive? and, if so, would let this querist have access to the other papers of Locke's which he speaks of in the preface? C. Locke's proposed Life of Lord Shaftesbury.-I perceive that the interesting volume of letters of Locke, Algernon Sidney, and Lord Shaftesbury, published some years ago, by Mr. Foster, is advertised in your colums by your own publisher; and I therefore inquire, with some hope of eliciting information, whether the papers in Mr. Foster's possession, which he has abstained from publishing,

contain any notices of the first Earl of Shaftesbury; and I am particularly anxious to know whether they contain any references to the Life of Lord Shaftesbury which Locke meditated, or throw any light upon the mode in which Locke would have become possessed of some suppressed passages of Edmund Ludlow's memoirs. C.

Theses. Many German works introduced into Catalogues, are theses defended at the universities. The name of the President is generally first, and in larger letters than that of the propounder, who is usually the author. Hence, it often happens, that the Thesis is entered as a work written by the Prases. But it not unfrequently happened, that this Præses was really the author; and that, as an easy way of publishing his thoughts, he entrusted an essay to a candidate for a degree, to be defended by him. The seventh rule of the Museum Catalogue runs thus:

"The respondent or defender in a thesis to be considered its author, except when it unequivocally appears to be the work of the Præses."

Now, I would ask, what are the usual signs of the authorship? Are there any catalogues of Theses? Any bibliographical works which contain hints for guidance in this matter? Any correspondents who can advise generally on the whole matter?

M.

Nursery Games and Rhymes. In the Letters and Memoir of Bishop Shirley, allusion is made (p. 415.) to a once popular game called "Thread the needle," the first four lines of which are given. Can any of your readers supply the remainder, or refer me to any work where they may be found? I also should feel obliged by any information respecting the age and origin of the popular nursery song, beginning,

"A frog he would a-wooing go, Heigho, says Rowley." Perhaps some of your readers will state where the correct text may be met with.

B. G. J.

Emancipation of the Jews.-In Francis' History of the Bank of England, p. 24., mention is made of an offer on the part of the Jews to pay 500,000Z. to the state on the following conditions:-1. That the laws against them should be repealed; 2. That the Bodleian Library should be assigned to them; 3. That they should have permission to use St.

Paul's Cathedral as a Synagogue. It is stated, on the authority of a letter in the Thurloe State Papers, that this proposition was actually discussed. The larger sum of 800,000l. was demanded; but, being refused, the negotiation was broken off. This proposition is said to have been made shortly before the elevation of Cromwell to the Protectorate. The subject is an interesting one in these days, when Jewish disabilities are under discussion.

I wish to offer two queries:-1. Is this story confirmed by any contemporary writer? 2. Is it conceivable that the Jews would have consented to worship in a cruciform church, such as was old St. Paul's, which was standing at the time this offer is supposed to have been made?

St. Peter's, Thanet.

H. M. AUSTEN.

The Complutensian MSS.-Has not there been an account of these MSS. published in London in 1821? My authority for this Query is to be found in a work of Dr. D. Antonio Puigblanch :"En el año 1821 per encargo que hice desde Madrid se imprimio mio aca en Londres, de que es falso este rumor*, pues en la biblioteca de la Universidad de Alcala quedaban pocos meses antes en que estune en ella siete manuscritos biblicos en aquellas dos lenguast, que son sin duda los mismos siete de que hace mencion en la Vida del Cardenal Cisneros, Alfonso de Castro, doctor téologo de la misma Universidad, i escritor contemporaneo o de poco tiempo después, parte de los

cuales manuscritos, es a saber, los caldéos, son de letra de Alfonso de Zamora, que es uno de los tres judíos conversos editores de la Complutense."- Opusculos Gramatico-Satiricos del Dr. D. Antonio Puigblanch, Londres [1832], p. 365.

If the Chaldee and Hebrew MSS. of the Complutensian Polyglot were at Alcala in 1821, when were they removed to Madrid, and in what library at Madrid are they now? The Greek MSS. are supposed to have been returned to the Vatican Library. If the Chaldee MSS. are in the handwriting of one of the editors, as stated by Puigblanch, they cannot be of much value or authority. I shall add another Query: Are they paper or parchment ? E. M. B.

Latin Names of Towns.-A correspondent who answered the Query as to the "Latin Names of Towns" in titles, referred your readers to the Supplement of Lemprière. I am much obliged to him for the hint, and have obtained the work in consequence; but it is right your readers should know that the information therein given must only be taken as suggestive, and sometimes as dismissible upon reference to the commonest gazetteer. I opened at the letter N ; and found, that of three

* That the MSS. were destroyed. † Hebrew and Chaldee.

Margaret Countess of Richmond and Derby, mother to King Henry VII., in the indenture for founding Chantry Monks in the Abbey of Westminster, dated 2. March, 21 Henry VII. (1505-6), states that she had obtained papal bulls of indulgence, that all persons saying and hearing her chantry masses should have as full remission from sin as in the place called Scala Cali beside Rome, "to the great comfort and relief of the said Monasterie and all Cristen people resorting thereto." (MS. Lansd. 444.)

Henry Lord Marney, by his will, dated 22d Dec., 15 Hen. VIII. (1523), directs a trental of masses to be said "first at Scala Cœli, in Westminster." (Testamenta Vetusta, 609.)

Blomefield (Hist. of Norfolk, 8vo. edit, iv. 60.), speaking of the Church of the Augustine Friars at Norwich, observes,

"That which brought most profit to the convent, was the chapel of Our Lady in this church, called Scala

Celi, to which people were continually coming in pilgrimage, and offering at the altar there; most folks buried in the cloister of Scala Celi, that they might be desiring to have masses sung for them here, or to be partakers of the many pardons and indulgences granted by the Popes to this place; this being the only chapel (except that of the same name at Westminster, and that of Our Lady in St. Buttolph's church at Boston,) that I find to have the same privileges and indulgences as the chapel of Scala Celi at Rome; which were so great as made all the three places aforesaid so much frequented; it being easier to pay their devotions here, than go so long a journey; all which indulgences and pardons may be seen in Fox's Acts und Monuments, fo. 1075."

In Bishop Bale's singular play of Kynge Johan, published by the Camden Society, the King charges the clergy with extorting money "For legacyes, trentalls with scalacely messys Wherby ye have made the people very assys." (p. 17.) And Simon of Swineshead, after drinking the poison, says,―

“To send me to heaven goo rynge the holye belle, And synge for my sowle a masse of Scala Celi, That I may clyme up aloft with Enoch and Heli." (p. 82.) There are bulls of indulgence in Scala Coeli in Rymer's Fœdera, xii. 565. 591. 672., xiii. 102.; but I can now only give the reference, as I have not that work in hand. C. H. COOPER.

Cambridge, April 6. 1850.

WATCHING THE SEPULCHRE.

"T. W." (No. 20. p. 218.) will find no end of "Items" for watching the sepulchre, in the "Churchwardens' Accounts" before the Reformation, and during the reign of Queen Mary. At Easter it was the custom to erect a sepulchre on the north side of the chancel, to represent that of our Saviour. This was generally a temporary structure of wood; though in some churches there still remain elaborately ornamented ones of stone. Sometimes the founder's tomb was used for the purpose. In this sepulchre was placed on Good Friday the crucifix, and occasionally the host, with other emblems; and a person was employed to watch it till the morning of Easter day, when it was taken out with great ceremony, in imitation of our Lord's resurrection. It was the payment for this watching that occurs continually in the Churchwardens' Accounts, and of which it appears, Fuller could not understand the meaning. A paper on the subject of Easter sepulchres, by Mr. Venables, was read at the meeting of the Cambridge Camden Society in March, 1843, but I am not aware whether it has been printed. Some very curious "Items" on this subject are given in Britton's Redcliffe Church, which are quoted in the Oxford Glossary of Architecture. They are so illustrative, that I subjoin them, to give you an opportunity, if you please, of serving them up to your readers :

“Item, That Maister Canynge hath deliver'd, this 4th day of July, in the year of Our Lord 1470, to Maister Nicholas Petters, Vicar of St. Mary Redcliffe, Moses Conterin, Philip Barthelmew, Procurators of St. Mary Redcliffe aforesaid, a new sepulchre, well gilt with gold, and a civer thereto.

"Item, An image of God Almighty rising out of the same sepulchre, with all the ordinance that 'longeth thereto; that is to say, a lathe made of timber and the iron work thereto.

"Item, Thereto 'longeth Heaven, made of timber and stained clothes.

"Item, Hell, made of timber, and the iron-work thereto, with Divels to the number of 13.

"Item, 4 knights, armed, keeping the sepulchre, with their weapons in their hands; that is to say, 2 axes and 2 spears, with 2 pavés.

"Item, 4 payr of angels' wings for 4 angels, made of timber and well painted.

"Item, The Fadre, the crown and visage, the ball with a cross upon it, well gilt with fine gould.

"Watching the Sepulchre" (No. 20. p. 318.).At the present day, in most Roman Catholic countries, it is the custom to exhibit in the principal churches at this period, and at Christmas, a kind of tableau of the entombment and of the birth of the Saviour. The figures are sometimes small, and at other times the size of life: generally coloured, and formed of wax, wood, stone, or other materials; and when artistically arranged, and juI have no doubt the entry in the Churchwardens' diciously lighted, form sometimes beautiful objects. Accounts of Waltham Abbey refers to a custom of the same kind, prevailing in the country before the Reformation. If the date of their entry were sought for, I have little doubt but that it would be found to have been about Easter. The sepulchre itself was often, I believe, a permanent erection of stone, and some of them probably now remain in the churches of England on the north side of the cancel, where they may sometimes be taken for

the tombs of individuals there interred.

W. C. TREVELYAN.

Watching the Sepulchre. - In reply to "T.W.'s" Query in No. 20., I have witnessed at Florence the custom of dressing the sepulchre on the Thursday before Good Friday with the most beautiful flowers which can be procured in that city of flowers, many of which are reared especially for

the

purpose. The devout attend at the sepulchre, and make their prayers there throughout the day, the most profound silence being observed. The convents rival each other in the beauty of their decorations.

in Fuller can refer to a similar custom? Do you think that the Churchwardens' entries

The loveliness of the flowers, and their delightful perfume, which pervades the church, present a most soothing and agreeable type of death and the grave, under their Christian phase. I was always at a loss to understand why this was done on Thursday, instead of on Saturday; the latter being the day on which Our Lord rested in the sepulchre.

QUERIES ANSWered, no. 7.

A.M.

A new blunder of Mr. Malone. I love the memory of Edmond Malone, albeit he sometimes committed blunders. He committed a pitiable blunder when he broke his bow in shooting at the worthless Samuel Ireland; and he committed an