charged or incumbered in title, charge, estate. or otherwise howsoever.* IN WITNESS, &c.

A RELEASE OF LEGACIES.

TO ALL TO WHOм these presents shall come (the legatees) send greeting: WHEREAS, [Here recite the will, the death of the testator, and the probate.] Now KNOW YE that the said (legatees) do, and each of them doth by these presents respectively acknowledge, declare, and testify, that on the day of the date hereof, they have severally had and received of and from the said (executors) the sum of £- each of lawful money of Great Britain, in full payment, satisfaction, and discharge of the said legacy or sum of £- —so given and bequeathed to the said (legatees) distributively, as afore said; and of and from the said legacy or sum of £and every part thereof, and all claims and demands touching the same, do, and each of them doth severally acquit, release, and discharge the said (executors,) their executors and administrators, and every of them, and the estate and effects of the said (testator) for ever, by these presents. IN WITNESS whereof we the said (legatees) have hereunto set our hands and seals this in the year of our Lord

day of

A RELEASE FROM THE FREEDOM OF A CORPORATION, AND ALL OFFICES AND CHARGES IN

THEREOF.

RESPECT

TO ALL TO WHOM these presents shall come, the master, wardens, and society of the art and mystery of of the city of London, send greeting. KNOW YE that we for divers good causes and considerations, us hereunto especially moving, HAVE acquitted, released, and discharged, AND by these presents for us and our successors Do acquit, release, and discharge (A B the party quiring to be disfranchised,) citizen and of London, of and from his freedom in the said society or company, and of and from all offices, duties, charges, payments, and things whatsoever relating thereto, or whereto he now stands engaged by virtue of any existing bye-laws, ordinances, or other matter or thing

* The above form was settled by the late Mr. Duane,

† Settled by the late Mr. BOOTH.

Y

whatsoever, and so and in such manner that of and from the same he shall and may at all times hereafter be fully and absolutely discharged by these presents. IN WITNESS whereof we have hereunto caused our public seal to be set day of in the year of the reign now king of the United King

this

of our sovereign lord

dom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Examined and allowed. R. R., Clerk.

OF

AND THE SUBSTITUTION OF OTHER ARTICLES
AGREEMENT IN LIEU THEREOF.

of

TO ALL TO WHOм these presents shall come, the master, wardens, and society of the art and mystery of of city of London and - members of the said society and also all other persons being liverymen of the said society, who shall be admitted to seal and subscribe these presents, SEND GREETING: WHEREAS, [Here were recited the articles of agreement by which the joint-stock was established.] Now THEREFORE THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that the said master, wardens, and society, and the several persons members of the said society who now have or at any time hereafter shall hereunto set their hands and seals, HAVE and each and every of them HATH severally and reciprocally released, acquitted, and discharged, AND by these presents DO and each and every of them DOTH severally and reciprocally release, acquit, and for ever discharge the others and other of them of and from the said hereinbefore-recited clauses or articles intitled the 2d, 6th, and 8th clauses or items contained in the said in part recited articles of agreement, and of and from all matters and things in the said 2d, 6th, and 8th clauses, or in any of them expressed or contained ; any thing in the said hereinbefore in part recited articles of agreement contained to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding. AND THESE PRESENTS FURTHER WITNESS that the said master, wardens, and society, and the several persons members of the said society who have subscribed, sealed, and delivered these presents, or shall at any time hereafter subscribe, seal, and deliver these presents, Do and each and every of them DOTH hereby reciprocally covenant, declare, consent, and agree to and

* Settled by the late Mr. HOLLIDAY.

with each other, they the said master, wardens, and society, and the several other persons aforesaid, shall and will from time to time and at all times hereafter allow, observe, perform, fulfil, and keep all and every the articles, covenants, clauses, provisoes, and agreements comprized in the said hereinbefore in part recited articles of agreement so bearing date the said - day of as aforesaid, other than and except the said 2d, 6th, and 8th clauses, which are so hereby released and discharged, as aforesaid. AND ALSO shall and will allow, observe, perform, fulfil, and keep all and every the articles, clauses, and agreements hereinafter particularly mentioned; that is to say. [Here were inserted the new clauses.] IN WITNESS whereof the said master, wardens, and society have hereunto set and affixed their common seal, and the other parties hereto their hands and seals this day of

in the year of our Lord

RELEASE OF COVENANTS TO A SURETY, FOR FURTHER ASSURANCE.

WITNESSETH that in consideration of the promises, HE the said (releasor,) for himself, his heirs and assigns, HATH remised, released, and for ever quit claimed, AND by these presents DOTH remise, release, and for ever quit claim unto the said (releasee,) his heirs, executors, and administrators, all and every the covenants, provisoes, clauses, and agreements in the said hereinbefore in part recited contained for the further assurance and confirmation of the said messuages, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and premises to the said (releasor) and his heirs, upon the said (vendor) attaining his age of twenty-one years, (or otherwise, as the case may be,) and all benefit and advantage whatsoever of the said covenants, provisoes, clauses, and agreements, and of each and every of them respectively, and all and all manner of actions, suits, process and proceedings, claims and demands whatsoever, both at law and in equity, which he the said (releasor,) his heirs and assigns, or any or either of them, shall, can, or may; or if these presents had not been made, might or could have or claim, or have had, claimed, demanded or been entitled to, from, or against him the said (releasee,) his heirs, executors, or administrators, for or by reason or in respect of the said covenants, provisoes, clauses, and agreements, or any of them. IN WITNESS, &c.

MUTUAL RELEASES BETWEEN COPARTNERS.

AND the said (parties,) each of them separately and apart for himself, his heirs, executors, and administrators, DOTH hereby remise, release, and for ever quit claim unto and discharge the other of them, his heirs, executors, and administrators respectively, of and from all and all manner of actions, cause and causes of actions, suits, controversies, accounts, reckonings, debts, sums of money, claims, and demands whatsoever, both at law and in equity, which either of them, his heirs, executors, or administrators respectively, now hath or shall or may; or without these presents might at any time hereafter have, claim, and demand, or otherwise be entitled to, from or against the other of them, his heirs, executors, or administrators, for or by reason or in consequence of the said copartnership so hereby dissolved; or any clause, covenant, agreement, matter or thing whatsoever in the said in part recited indenture contained, touching or in any wise relating to the same.

CHAP. VII.

OF A CONFIRMATION.

A DEED OF CONFIRMATION is an instrument, whereby one man doth convey an estate or right that he hath in or unto lands or tenements, to another that hath the possessión thereof, or some estate therein, whereby a voidable estate is made sure and unvoidable, or whereby a particular estate is increased or enlarged. Shep. Pr. 55. Touch. 311.

This deed of confirmation is of a nature nearly allied to a release, but differs essentially therefrom, as it only validates and establishes that estate or interest which the tenant already has; whereas a release is the relinquishment of a right which the tenant had not before; and so far as the particular estate is increased it is not a confirmation, it is not the strengthening of the tenant's estate, but the giving him a greater one. 2 Bl. Com. 325. Shep. Pr. 56. Touch. 311. Watk. Pr. 186.

The operative words are RATIFIED AND CONFIRMED; though, from safety, it is usual and prudent to insert the words GIVEN AND GRANTED also. Watk. Pr. 188.

And he that makes the confirmation is sometimes called the confirmor, and he to whom it is made the confirmee. Touch. 311.

This deed or instrument of confirmation is also distinguished by its effects; for sometimes it doth tend and serve to confirm and make good a wrongful and defeasible estate, or to make a conditional estate absolute, and thus extinguish rights and titles of entry. Shep. Pr. 56. Touch. 312.