Case of Dentigerous Cyst in Connection with Third Mandibular Molar.-Mrs. B., age twenty-three, consulted me with reference to a swelling on the left side of the mandible. On making an examination I found that the third molar was missing, although the other three were normally erupted. The swelling was rounded, and extended from the first premolar to about half-way up the ascending ramus, involving the whole of the bone in this region. It was quite hard except just behind the second molar (the roots of which on extraction were found to be absorbed), where fluctuation could be detected. X-ray examination showed the third molar situated very near the angle, with one of its roots penetrating the under surface of the mandible.

On opening up the cyst under a general anesthetic the tooth was found to be very firmly implanted in the remaining bone, and a fracture was anticipated. This, however, did not happen, although a double dislocation occurred which was easily reduced. On examination the tooth was found to have four roots, situated in pairs, internal and external to the arch, the inner surfaces of which were deeply grooved in such a way that the inferior dental nerve and artery passed through, showing that these must have been forced almost to the outside of the mandible.

After the extraction of the tooth, which took about fifteen minutes, the cyst was scraped and packed with gauze.-W. ASHLEY COOPER, British Dental Journal.

The Standardizing of the Color of Teeth by the Classification of People into Types and Classes.-I believe this can be done, and that it will be done in the near future. And I believe that the possibility for advance in the improvement in the colors of artificial teeth, based on the ascertained colors of natural teeth described by scientific nomenclature, are as great as were the possibilities for improvement in form ten years ago. I have said that scientific methods of color analysis can help us but very little in perfecting a color scheme for artificial teeth, because that color scheme must be perfected entirely by experimental methods which have scarcely anything in common with the scientific procedure of color analysis. But before we can know what we want for color in artificial teeth, we must first know what the colors are in natural teeth, and I have no doubt these essential primary facts can be ascertained by systems of color analysis now in use. These facts once in hand, there must follow a long series of experiments with the few mineral colors available in the effort to match the colors we have found in the nat

ural teeth. The crux of this whole difficult problem lies in the perfecting of a set of color symbols which will at once and at the same time stand for the color of natural teeth as expressed by the results of a system of color analysis analogous to spectrum analysis and the results of a purely empirical or experimental method with mineral pigments. This is not an easy matter, but I believe the thing can be done. It must be done if we are to achieve entirely satisfactory results, and I hope Dr. Orton will be able to work out a set of symbols which will help us to accomplish this great advance.-J. LEON WILLIAMS, Dental Digest.

Surgery in Edentulous Mouths.-Many edentulous mouths present conditions that are unfavorable for successful denture-building. both as to comfort and esthetic appearance. Large projections of bone may interfere or make it impossible to place teeth of proper length in the correct positions for facial harmony and perfect articulation. Cysts, granulomas. areas of necrotic bone, and fragments of tooth roots are always found, and are the cause of absorption and those troublesome sore spots that are so hard to relieve. A most unfavorable case is one in which the ridge, especially the upper, is too thick in its labiolingual or bucco-lingual measurements, thereby making it impossible to place teeth of sufficient ridge-lap and size far enough in on the ridges to properly articulate with the lower, and avoid showing too much rubber. The surgery in these cases will depend upon the amount of pathology found and the size and shape of the patient's mouth.

In the troublesome soft-ridge cases painstaking efforts should be made to ascertain all possible causes. The radiograph will generally reveal the shape of the ridge, that is, whether it is thin and sharp or thick and rounded; it will also reveal areas of necrotic bone and fragments of roots, granulomas, or cystic material. A Wassermann test and one for pernicious malaria should be considered. If the patient is wearing dentures the articulation should be studied for possible traumatic influences, which will generally be found associated with the present method of occluding teeth instead of the more scientific articulation methods. The mere incising of a section of soft tissue does not always cure the condition, as the cause is not removed. In reality it is only treating the symptoms, which may return, and in a few years the mouth presents the typical class IV case described by Mr. Samuel Supplee.-WM. A. COLBURN, Pacific Dental Gazette.

The Articulator for Crown and Bridge Work. All cases of bridge work, especially those involving the posterior teeth, should be constructed upon casts that have been extended far enough to obtain a balanced articulation and then mounted upon an articulator, and not upon one of those small hinge affairs frequently called crown bridge articulators. This latter class of appliance does not afford lateral movements. Many of the failures in this work can be directly attributed to faulty articulation due to incorrect mounting of poor casts upon pseudo-articulators.— F. W. FRAHM, Pacific Dental Gazette.

A Case of Iritis Due to Third Molar Impaction. The case history of Mr. C. P., age forty-two. In August 1917, the patient had a severe attack of iritis and neuralgia of the left side of the face, head, neck, and shoulder. Oculist's treatment: Sodium salicylate, atropin in eye-two injections of strepto-staphylococcus vaccine. The attack lasted three weeks. He then suffered a nervous breakdown, and was sent to the country for two months to recuperate. He recovered slowly.

In February 1918, a second attack occurred, which commenced after he had been exposed to cold. The attack lasted a week. Treatment as in first attack, but instead of vaccine he was given intravenous injection of some other remedy. He had no history of lues. Two Wassermann tests were made, both negative.

At this time he was referred to the writer. Skiagrams were taken of both dental arches. This revealed an impacted third molar in the upper left arch. He was advised to have it removed, but refused such treatment. In September 1918, he again suffered an attack. After having been in bed about a week he presented himself to have the impacted tooth removed.

It was decided to remove both the second and third molars under infiltration anesthesia. Within twelve hours afterward the iritis subsided, and in a week the neuralgia had disappeared.

To date there has been no recurrence of the disorder.-T. I. LEICHE, Internat. Journ. of Orthodontia.

Tragedies of the Profession.-There are many cases where operations have resulted directly or indirectly in the death of the

patient, but the deaths, occurring in the cases of the operators themselves are, happily, not many, and the most of them might have been averted had reasonable care been taken at the time of their occurring.

About three years ago, in the city of Portland, Oregon, an operator was engaged in the work of opening and cleansing a putrescent root-canal. He was using a Gates-Glidden drill, and like a thousand other men who do the same work day after day in their practice, left the drill in the handpiece dangling at the end of the engine arm. Reaching for an antiseptic in his case, he inadvertently raised his knee and struck the end of the drill with sufficient force to have it pierce his clothing, and enter his leg just above the knee. Impatiently he thrust it aside, little dreaming of the results impending. Three hours afterward he was in an agony of pain, and later was taken to the hospital, where he died within twenty hours from the time he was struck. The poison from a rattler's fang would have hardly worked more quickly.

Dr. M., of Reno, Nev., was suffering one winter's day from a severe cold in his head, which had broken out in a rash or abrasion on the edges of his nostril. Some time during the day's work he had been handling a patient suffering from virulent syphilis, and at the end of two weeks the unfortunate doctor was a victim to that dreadful scourge. Unfortunately, he was in a poor state of health at the time; in fact, he had sought the high altitude of Nevada on account of the condition of his lungs. His system could not stand the task of throwing off the two poisons, and Dr. M. died, horribly diseased. He had unwittingly introduced the germ of syphilis to the abrasion on his nose. A new assistant, poorly versed in her duties, a busy practitioner, and another GatesGlidden drill that had not been sterilized, was the cause of the death of another operator of Anaconda, Mont. It seems that the assistant, instead of sterilizing the instruments she had found on the operating table, had picked up a drill that had been in use, and had put it in the bur stand remaining on the table. Dr. S., reaching across the table to pick up an instrument, had pricked his hand with the point of the drill. Blood poisoning set in, and the loss of the arm first did not stem the course of the poison; he had to yield his life to its ravages.-GRAY MCCLINTOCK, Dominion Dental Journal.

Dr. Harry Stewart Haslett.

[SEE FRONTISPIECE.]

DIED, Friday, January 17, 1919, at his home in Pittsburgh, Pa., of Bright's disease, HARRY STEWART HASLETT, D.D.S.

Dr. Haslett was born in Pittsburgh, Febuary 5, 1867, his father being an engineer of that city. He received his early education in the Allegheny high school and at Geneva College; entered the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery in 1894, and received the D.D.S. degree from that institution in 1896. Immediately after his graduation, he began the practice of his profession in Pittsburgh, and continued in practice until the time of his death.

Dr. Haslett was appointed professor of prosthetic dentistry, anesthesia, and extracting in the Department of Dentistry of the University of Pittsburgh in 1904, which position he occupied until the time of his death. He was unusually successful as a teacher, being revered by his students, and on many occasions his valued counsel was sought by both his students and his immediate associates. Only those who came within the influence of Dr. Haslett's quiet, genial personality can appreciate the sense of loss which the profession and the dental teaching bodies feel in his death.

Dr. Haslett was a member and ex-president of the Odontological Society of Western Pennsylvania; a member of the Lake Erie Dental Society, the Pennsylvania State Dental Society, the National Dental Association, and the American Institute of Dental Teachers. He was also a member of the Bellefield Masonic Lodge and of the Psi Omega Dental Fraternity, having served as Grand Master in the latter organization.

He was married in 1888 to Miss Dollie Buttress of Pittsburgh, who, with one son, Dr. Clyde S. Haslett, survives him. His remains were interred in Highwood Cemetery, Pittsburgh, Pa., January 20, 1919.

Dr. Michael J. Collins.

DIED, at his home in Bangor, Me., April 1, 1919, after a brief illness, MICHAEL J. COL LINS, D.D.S.

Dr. Collins was born in Bangor, Me., on the fourth day of June 1870, the son of John and Matilda (Burke) Collins. He was educated in the public schools of Bangor, and for a short time thereafter he was connected with the Maine Central Railroad Co. From his early boyhood, Dr. Collins was ambitious of becoming a dental surgeon, and entered the Philadelphia Dental College, from which institution he was graduated with the D.D.S. degree in 1895. Immediately after his graduation he commenced the practice of his profession in Bangor, where he arose very rapidly to an enviable position as a dental practitioner.

He was a devout member of St. Mary's Catholic Church of Bangor; an honorary member of St. Mary's Charitable Society; a member of the Local Council of the Knights of Columbus, and a member of the Bangor Lodge of Elks. He was for many years & member of the Penobscot Dental Society, tak ing an active interest in the affairs of the society, and on several occasions read papers at its meetings which received most favorable comment from those who had the privilege of hearing them.

Dr. Collins was married on June 26, 1901, to Miss Elizabeth A. Gillis of Bangor, who with six children survives him.

CHAPTER 386-S. F. No. 466.

AN ACT

TO AMEND SECTIONS 5015, 5016, 5017, 5018, 5019, 5020, AND 5021, GENERAL STATUTES OF MINNESOTA FOR THE YEAR 1913, RELATING TO THE POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE STATE BOARD OF DENTAL EXAMINERS AND THE LICENSING OF DENTISTS AND THE PRACTICING OF DENTISTRY AND FIXING OF THE FEES TO BE CHARGED THEREFOR IN THE STATE OF MINNESOTA, AND PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR THE VIOLATION THEREOF, AND PROVIDING FOR THE MANNER OF TAKING APPEALS FROM ORDERS MADE BY THE BOARD OF DENTAL EXAMINERS.

Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Minnesota:

SECTION 1. Board of Dental Examiners.Appointment. That Section 5015, General Statutes of Minnesota for the year 1913, be amended so as to read as follows:

The Board of Dental Examiners shall consist of five practicing dentists of the state appointed by the Governor, each for the term of three years and until his successor qualifies, and no member shall serve more than two successive terms; provided, however, that up to and including December 31, 1919, the board shall consist of six such practicing dentists. The board shall at all times include four members who shall have been appointed on the recommendation of the Minnesota State Dental Association, if such recommendation be made at least ninety days before the term of the member of that class expires, otherwise the Governor may appoint without such recommendation. Every vacancy caused otherwise than by the expiration of a term shall be filled in the same manner and from the class to which the retiring member belongs. If the association is entitled to and fails to recommend a candidate for such unexpired term within thirty days after the vacancy occurs the Governor may appoint without such recommendation. If a member

[VOL. LXI. 53]

shall be absent from two consecutive regular meetings, the board shall declare a vacancy to exist. The association shall recommend not less than two candidates for each appointment.

SEC. 2. Officers-Meetings-Compensation -Reports. That Section 5016, General Statutes of Minnesota for the year 1913, be amended so as to read as follows:

The board shall elect from its members a president and secretary and treasurer, and shall have a common seal. It shall hold at least two regular meetings each year at times to be fixed by the board, and may hold special meetings as occasion demands. All meetings shall be held at the College of Dentistry of the State University. Out of the funds coming into the possession of said board, the members thereof shall receive as compensation the sum of ten ($10.00) dollars per day and necessary traveling expenses for each day actually engaged in the duties of their offices as examiners. The secretary shall in addition thereto be paid a salary to be fixed by resolution by the board, which up to January 1, 1920, shall not exceed five hundred ($500) dollars per year, and thereafter shall not exceed nine hundred ($900) dollars per year. All moneys received by said board in excess of the expenditures for per diem allowance, traveling expenses and salary of the secretary, as above provided for, shall be held by the secretary of said board as a special fund for printing, postage, and other necessary expenses of the board for carrying out the provisions of this Act. The secretary of the board shall give a bond in an amount to be fixed by resolution of the board, and in form to be approved by the Attorney-general conditioned for the faithful discharge of his official duties.

Before December 15th of each year the board shall report its proceedings and the items of its receipts and disbursements to and in form to be approved by the Governor of the State of Minnesota.

SEC. 3. Dentistry-Practicing of, defined. That Section 5017, General Statutes of Minnesota for the year 1913, be amended so as to read as follows:

All persons shall be said to be practicing dentistry within the meaning of this Act, who shall do any of the acts comprehended within any or all of the following subdivisions:

1. Using or permitting to be used, the word or letters "Dentist" or "D.D.S.", "D.M.D.", or any other words or letters in connection with his name which in any manner represents him as engaged in the practice of dentistry.

2. By himself, or his servants or agents, operating or conducting a place wherein dental examinations, operations, or acts prescribed in clause 4 hereof are performed or attempted to be performed or advertised as a place where they are performed or attempted to be performed.

3. By himself, or his servants or agents, advertising or permitting to be advertised by sign, circular or handbill, newspaper, or otherwise, that he will perform or attempt to perform any of the dental examinations, operations, or acts prescribed in clause 4 hereof.

4. By himself, his servants or agents and for a fee, salary, or other reward paid or to be paid either to himself or to any other person for him diagnose, treat, operate or prescribe for, or attempt to diagnose, treat, operate or prescribe for any disease, lesion, pain, injury, defect, deformity or physical condition of the human teeth, alveolar process, gums, or jaws, or replace teeth by artificial ones, or correct malpositions thereof.

Provided, however, that this section

A. Shall not prohibit non-licensed persons from doing mechanical work upon inert matter in dental offices or laboratories.

B. Shall not apply to students enrolled in and regularly attending any dental college recognized by the State Board of Dental Examiners, provided their acts are done in said dental college and under the direct supervision of their instructor.

C. Shall not apply to a legally qualified and licensed physician or surgeon in the performance of surgical operations or who in emergency cases extracts teeth or relieves pain or prescribes for the relief of pain.

D. Shall not apply to licensed or registered dentists of another state temporarily operating a clinic under the auspices of a duly organized and reputable dental college, or reputable dental society, or to one lecturing

before a reputable society composed exclusively of dentists.

E. Shall not apply to licensed dental nurses in the performance of their duties as provided by law.

In the construction of this section, the word "person" shall be deemed to include all individuals, corporations, or associations. The word "himself" shall be construed to include "herself," "themselves," or "itself." The word "his" shall be construed to include "her," "them," or "it." The singular shall include the plural.

F. Shall not apply to any person who ministers to or treats the sick or suffering by mental or spiritual means, whether gratuitously or for compensation, without the use of any drug or material remedy.

SEC. 4. Examinations-License-Revocation -Assumed name. That Section 5018, General Statutes of Minnesota for the year 1913, be amended so as to read as follows:

A person not already a licensed dentist of the state desiring to practice dentistry therein shall apply to the secretary of the board for examination and pay a fee of twenty-five ($25.00) dollars for the first examination and ($25.00) dollars for each subsequent examination, which in no case shall be refunded. At the next regular meeting he shall present himself for examination and produce his diploma from some dental college of good standing, of which standing the board shall be the judges, also satisfactory evidence showing that the applicant is of good moral character. The board shall give the applicant such an elementary practical examination as to thoroughly test his fitness for the practice and include therein the subjects of anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, therapeutics, metallurgy, histology, pathology, and operative, surgical, and mechanical dentistry; and the applicant shall be required to demonstrate his skill in operative and mechanical dentistry. If the applicant successfully passes the examination, he shall be registered by the board as a licensed dentist, and supplied with a license signed by all members of the Board of Dental Examiners.

Provided that any dentist who has for five years or more been in legal practice in another state having and maintaining an equal standard of laws regulating the practice of dentistry with this state, including reciprocity provisions, and is a reputable dentist of good moral character, and is desirous of removing to this state, and deposits in person with the Board of Dental Examiners a certificate from the examining board of the state in which he