made for his death, when he was saved by Pocahontas, the | whom were females. favorite child of Powhattan, who rushed forward when his head was on the block, clung firmly to his neck, and by her fearlessness and entreaties persuaded the council to spare his life. They now attempted to induce him to join their bands in an attack upon Jamestown; but he succeeded in changing the current of their thoughts, and they finally dismissed him with promises of good-will and assistance. Returning to Jamestown, Smith found the colony reduced to forty men, of whom the strongest were just preparing to escape in the pinnace. This desertion he suppressed at the hazard of his life. In 1608, the colony was increased by the arrival of one hundred and twenty emigrants, but chiefly vagabond gentlemen and goldsmiths, who added but little to its stability and prosperity, being devoted for the most part to discovering gold and other metals. Disgusted at follies which he had vainly endeavored to check, Smith undertook to explore Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. Two voyages, made in an open boat, occupied nearly three months in summer, and embraced an extent of nearly three thousand miles. He surveyed the Chesapeake Bay to the Susquehannah, discovered and explored the Patapsco, entered the harbor of Baltimore, and ascended the Potomac to the falls. Nor did he merely explore the territory, but established friendly relations with the natives, and laid the foundation for future intercourse. Three days after his return, he was made president of the council. Order and industry began to be diffused, when Newport arrived with seventy new emigrants, two of In 1609, Lord Delaware's expedition, commanded by Newport, Sir Thomas Gates, and Sir George Somers, with a new charter for the colony, arrived on the coast. Here a hurricane separated the admiral from his fleet; and his vessel was stranded on the rocks of the Bermudas. Seven ships, out of the fleet of nine, arrived at Jamestown. A new disaster now threatened the colony. The old charter was abrogated, and the wrecked vessel contained all who possessed any authority under the new one. Smith, however, resolutely maintained his discipline, until an accidental explosion of gunpowder disabled him so that he was compelled to return to England for surgical treatment. At his departure, he left in the colony four hundred and ninety persons. In six months, indolence, famine, vice, and consequent diseases, reduced the number to sixty; and, had it not been for the timely arrival of Gates and his party from the Bermudas, they also must have utterly perished. They insisted at once upon abandoning the settlement, and would even have destroyed it, but for the energy of Gates, who was the last to leave. They fell down the stream, and the next morning, at the mouth of the river, met the long-boat of Lord Delaware, who had arrived on the coast with emigrants and supplies. The fugitives bore up the helm, and that night were once more at the fort in Jamestown. THE SHALLOP OF THE MAY-FLOWER. The cut, copied from a picture by Vanderveldt, a Dutch painter of the 17th century, represents a shallop, a small boat with one mast, such as that in which the brave com pany of explorers from the May-Flower (then at anchor in Cape Cod harbor) embarked for the purpose of discovering a proper place for their settlement. It was this company, in all eighteen men, who on Friday evening were cast, as it were, upon Clark's Island, where they remained to pass the Sabbath, and, embarking again on Monday, stepped ashore upon a huge boulder of granite (the Rock of Plymouth,) making that celebrated "Landing" which was destined to be the birth of a nation. The Star-Chamber stood on the eastern side of New Palace Yard, and was originally a portion of the Royal Palace. It obtained its name from the ceiling having been ornamented with stars, and gave it in turn to the infamous Court of the Star-Chamber, so noted during the reigns of the Stuarts. From hence issued all the extortionate loans and levies which ended in the great civil war. So frightful did it become that its name infused terror; and to be "Star-Chambered " was applied as a term indicative of the severest and cruelest infliction of semi-legal, or illegal, tyranny. In this court men were summoned by extra-judicial might, fined mercilessly and extravagantly, branded as felons, their noses slit and ears cut off, for acts and words applied to those in authority, less strong than many in use daily by even the English press of the present day. This court was abolished in 1641. The building in use at that time for its meetings was erected in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. The cut represents the Star-Chamber itself, and is from a sketch made just previous to its demolition. in 1836, to make room for the present Houses of Parliament. It was in this room that the celebrated ecclesiastical council, called the "Court of High Commission," held its sessions. LAYING OF THE CORNER-STONE OF THE NA- needed. A small pittance from each of the favored children TIONAL MONUMENT TO THE FOREFATHERS. of our country will complete it in a few years. Is there We are happy in being able to announce to the public these commemorative stones? I am not willing to entersuch a child anywhere who will not contribute to rear that the corner-stone of the National Monument to the tain such a thought. Think of the Fathers but for one Forefathers has been laid. This event took place at Ply-moment, any hesitating one, and you cannot help aiding mouth on the 2d of August, 1859, the celebration being in the work. Never doubt the accomplishment of what intended to commemorate the two hundred and thirtyninth anniversary of the embarkation of the Pilgrims at Delft-Haven. In order to have been strictly correct in point of date, the ceremony should have been performed on the 1st of August; but as that day fell this year on Monday, a very inconvenient day for persons residing at a distance from Plymouth to be present, it was deferred for one day. - A large concourse of people, estimated at ten thousand, in addition to the inhabitants of the town, assembled from every portion of the country to witness the ceremonies, and take part in them. At first an address was delivered by the President of the Pilgrim Society, Richard Warren, Esq., of New York,- of which the following is substantially the eloquent conclusion:"We are now about to lay the corner-stone of a structure, grander than any of the kind the world has ever witnessed, and which is intended to mark the events of the landing of 1620, in the Nation's History, that decisive event, which, in reality, began this our great and happy country. Let it rise speedily, that, as from distant ocean the toil-worn mariner approaching home shall look hither, and view it reaching toward the clouds, he may also see inscribed on it a motive for action- — an aid to every worthy purpose. 66 Many have found fault with the magnitude of the undertaking. Some have derided it, and pronounced it unsuitable for the events it is designed to commemorate. Others would have it erected in a city. No! Here where we stand is the spot for it. From hence, cast your eyes across yonder waters. In a clear day, Cape Cod is visible. There, at Provincetown, the Pilgrims first cast anchor, within the arms of that Cape they found shelter. is Clark's Island, named for the mate of the Flower. There the Pilgrims worshipped on their Sabbath, in a temple not made with hands, The waves around were roaring, The chilly winds were blowing. we to-day begin, any more than the Fathers doubted of It cannot be done without your aid. No miracle will be final success. Let every one give and the work is done. worked to finish this structure. It is for you, who have reverence enough for the Fathers, to be willing to show that reverence by acts. Some say the best monument to the Pilgrims is the hearts of their children. Such a monument is apt to crumble. There needs something to look upon tiful symmetry to impress on those hearts the story of some of the granite of the earth moulded into beauthe past-the heroism of former times. "No victory has ever been so pregnant in its consequences; no event in human story, save that which occurred at Bethlehem, has produced so vast a revolution in the destinies of the human race, as the emigration of the Pilgrims of the May-Flower. It is worthy then of a nation's self-denial, were it necessary, to erect a memorial of gratitude, which shall embody in its design the leading characteristics of the Pilgrim mind." Mr. Warren ended by presenting to the audience his Excellency N. P. Banks, Governor of the Commonwealth, this work only permit the following quotation, as pefrom whose powerful and impressive address the limits of culiarly adapted to the present purpose: "What a harvest reap we in our day from the seeds of Christian civilization sown by the Pilgrims in darkness and danger, but also in hope and in faith! Appreciate we the full flood of almost Divine favors which daily refresh our million of souls? Measure we the prosperity that lifts us above our deserts as above other States? Confess we and to the full capacity of acknowledgment by whose wisdom, There whose valor, whose great faith we have reached these PisMay-gah heights? Or believe we that our genius, our industry, first our enterprise, has created that which surrounds us, that States, more than continents or empires, have other origin than the slow growth of centuries? "No fairer scene than that which meets our view attests the triumphs of any pioneers in the work of civilization. In whatever direction we move, towns and cities rise to meet us. The Connecticut, the Merrimac, and the rivers that skirt the southern coast of the Commonwealth, boast as proud monuments of industrial success as the enterprise of man has ever created. The valley of the Charles, in which sleep thirty or forty villages, towns and cities, crowned on the one hand by the metropolis of New England, and on the other by the highlands of the interior, presents, from every commanding eminence, a scene unitas any upon which the eye of man ever rested. These are monuments of the prowess of the settlers of New England, and the prosperity and happiness of their descendants. Not unto us, but unto them be the honors paid. No monumental shaft, no tongue of poetry or eloquence can offer to them a more appropriate or elaborate eulogy than that spoken for them in their works. Perhaps an Indian was watching without, as if comprehending that they, too, were speaking to the Great Spirit, whom he himself ignorantly worshipped. After this holy service they returned to their small vessel, their only refuge for the night. In peace they rested, watched over by their God. In front of that island the May-Flower anchored. On the left you see Duxbury, the home of Elder Brewster, and Captain's Hill, the residence of Myles Standish. On our right rises the burial hill,- beneathing as many of the beauties of Art and Nature combined whose sods rest BRADFORD and the son of ROBERT CUSHMAN. Monuments have been erected there to their names by grateful descendants. Beyond lies Watson's Hill, on which the first treaty was made between the white man and the Indian! "Nearly in front of where we stand is Marshfield, the home of the WINSLOWS, and in later days of DANIEL WEBSTER. And not far off, on our left, is Jones' river, in Kingston, where ELDER CUSHMAN lived. As these places meet our view, how does the past come back to us. As we stand on Monument Hill let that past nerve us all with new strength for our life work. "Nevertheless, it is for us a pleasure and a duty to connect the events of the Present and the Past by some marked and visible sign, to make apparent to careless and indifferent beholders the relation which the inestimable privileges of our time bear to the heroism and devotion of "The monument can be built if the People say it shall the Forefathers. Never did monument rise to commemobe. Whenever they have fully determined to do anything it rate nobler deeds or greater heroism than theirs. No forhas been done, say it in regard to this, Sons of the Pil-tress, citadel, or temple- no pyramid, arsenal, or obelisk grims, Daughters of the Pilgrims! Say it with faith that it -no triumphal arch or marble statue bears testimony to can be, and bring your energies to bear upon it, and all holier virtues that yet live in Greek or Roman fame than doubt will be removed. The cost, large as it appears, is the innumerable and imperishable evidences of great purnothing in reality, to the capability of those who are asked poses and powers which make illustrious the fame of the to do it. New England fathers. The monument, then, that we plant to-day is for us as for them. It is for our instruction Six years ago, a noble merchant of New York, princely in work and in gift, wrote that he would be one of fifty to subscribe $1,000 for a monument.' Not all of the forty-nine others have come, but some have done so. Where are the others to respond? Would that I had the ability as I have the desire, to be not merely one such man, but all combined. The merchant paid his money, not waiting for others. Such large amounts are not, however, to remind our children, and our children's children, so long as the seed of woman shall bruise the serpent's head, that our life is their life that out of their trials and sorrow we pluck prosperity and happiness from their oppression springs our freedom. It is for this we plant, here and now, in the very heart of the earth, the headstone of the corner. It is for this we bid the monumental pile rise to Heaven. It is for this we are assembled by thousands to cheer on the work and to implore the blessings of heaven upon its progress and its completion. Let it rise to commemorate the virtues of the fathers, the gratitude of the children. Let it rise to connect the trivial events of life, the evening's pleasures and the morning's duty, the labor of the week and the rest of the Sabbath, the joys of life, the sorrows of death, with the never-ceasing memories of the Pilgrims; to light the eye of infancy as it opens upon the world, and cheer the transit of age to a better and a brighter existence. Let it be said forever and forever that it marks alike the acquisition and the maintenance of the freedom of our land. "It was a harsh and forbidding horoscope that the Fates apparently cast for the Pilgrim Fathers. An inner, not an outer, light cheered their path. They saw a hand we cannot see; they heard a voice we cannot hear. It spake to them of us and of the future of Time and of Eternity." The address of Gov. Banks was followed by prayer by Rev. Richard S. Storrs, D. D., and then by the Masonic ceremonies of laying the corner-stone and consecration by the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons of Massachusetts, — including a most pertinent and eloquent address by the Grand Master, Col. John T. Heard. In the under side of the corner-stone is a cavity, in which a leaden casket, eleven inches by seven and five inches in height, was placed by Dr. Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, of Boston, at the request of the Building Committee. Upon its cover were the following words: : Placed in the corner-stone of the 5. 6. 7. The Illustrated Pilgrim Almanac for the year 1860, published in aid of the monument fund. The First Charter for a colony in Virginia and other parts and territories in America, 1606. The Great Patent of New England in America, 1620, granted to the Council established at Plymouth, in the County of Devon, for the planting, ruling, ordering, and governing of New England in America. 8. The Charter of the colony of New Plymouth, in New England, in 1630, granted to William Bradford and his associates. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. The social compact of the forefathers of the May- The Declaration of Independence of the United Col- The Constitution of the United States of America, 1787. The Constitution or form of Government for the Com- Metallic Copies of the Seals of the Colony of New Bradford's History of Plymouth Plantation. Edited Printed Title-Pages to the Plymouth and Massachu- Pilgrim Memorials, and Guide to Plymouth. By Wm. S. Russell. 1855. With a Map of the Village. Map of the town of Plymouth. Printed in 1830. 19. Map of Cape Cod Bay, showing the way traversed by the Pilgrims in 1620, in sailing from Provincetown Harbor to Plymouth. Map showing the Boundaries of the Plymouth Colony, with points of interest marked. Plan of Plymouth, including bays, harbors and islands. By Charles Blaskowitz. Containing memoranda, and denoting remarkable points. IsPlymouth Directory, printed in 1851. sued by William S. Russell. 1. The plate, which measures 73 by 5 inches, bears the following inscription, engraved in very plain and legible letters, by Mr. E. W. Bouve: 20. 21. The Corner-Stone 22. William Thomas, Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, Charles G. Davis, Eleazer C. Sherman; Hammatt Billings, Architect; Willard M. Harding, Financial Agent. James Buchanan, President of the United States. 2. A description of the site for the monument, viz. : — The site of the National Monument to the Forefathers, upon one of the most elevated eminences in the town of Plymouth, contains about eight acres of land. The central portion of this lot containing about two acres, upon which the foundation for the base of the Monument is laid, was given to the Pilgrim Society by Benjamin Hathaway, Esq., of Plymouth, expressly for the purpose, being deemed the most sightly and appropriate position which could be obtained. Annual Reports of the Town of Plymouth, for the financial year ending Feb. 1, 1859. List of Town Officers of Plymouth, for the year 1859. 23. List of Officers of the Pilgrim Society of Plymouth, for the year 1859. ADDRESS OF G. M. JOHN T. HEARD. Mr. President:-To celebrate the deeds of the benefactors of mankind, is a service dictated alike by gratitude and the benevolent desire to transmit the blessings of their examples to posterity. The memory of the good and brave, whose virtues and exploits challenge admiration and homage, should be honored and perpetuated; and the establishment of institutions affecting happily the welfare of our race is eminently worthy of commemoration. A people capable of greatness will not forget the virtues of their fathers; reverently will they cherish them, and gratefully present them in all their lustre for the respect and imitation of after ages. Impressed with sentiments like these, we are assembled here to-day to solemnize an undertaking designed to perpetuate the renown of that peerless band-the first settlers of New England. It was here on this spot, then the border of a That there are no accounts extant of private or subordinate Lodges in the earlier days of the colonies, is not to be taken as evidence that none existed in them. In the constitution of the Lodge previous to the past century, it was not necessary that its existence and proceedings should have official or durable record; it received no warrant or charter from the General Assembly the Grand Lodge of that time; nor were its meetings confined to any particular time or place; it is not to be wondered at, that under those circumstances, and after a lapse of two centuries, all traces of it should be obliterated. Thus it is apparent that a Lodge might have existed even in the May Flower, and been composed of Pilgrims, without the knowledge of their associates or posterity. The principles of Freemasonry are in no way incompatible with the professions of the Forefathers in moral or religious belief, but, on the contrary, are such as would have been approved and vindicated by them. It will not be out of place for me to mention here a coincidence derived from the history of our society and that of the first settlers:- and I allude to the fact that two of the Grand Masters of England were also members of the "Council established at Plymouth" by the Great Patent which passed the seals on the third of November, 1620, and became the foundation of all subsequent grants of territory in New England. They were William, the third Earl of Pembroke, and Thomas, Earl of Arundel; the former was Chancellor of the University of Oxford and Lord Chamberlain of the King's household, the latter Earl Marshal of the realm. Pembroke, who was senior Grand Warden under the Grand Mastership of Inigo Jones, his friend, and a celebrated architect, succeeded him as Grand Master in 1618, and continued to preside over the Fraternity until the time of his death in 1630. Arundel was elected to the office in 1633, and filled it for a space of two years. son, Clay- esteemed and venerated of our countrymen, esteemed and venerated also as Freemasons—have lasting monuments been reared whose commencement and completion have been thus signalized. But it is not to eminent characters who were of us alone, that our ceremonials of honor are confined; we recognize and respect exalted worth in whomsoever it exists or has existed, and are always ready as a society to manifest our appreciation of it. Important events, like that we are now commemorating, which have promoted the progress and improvement of general society, and conferred great benefits on the intellectual, moral and religious well-being of man, may be celebrated with greater propriety by Masons with all the distinction which their ceremonies can bestow. This occasion naturally carries our thoughts back to the times of the forefathers, and suggests the recital of their trials and sufferings, and triumphant struggle for religious freedom; but this duty I leave for others to perform. Though that instructive tale has been often told with power and beauty by the historian, orator and poet, until it has become familiar to all, still it is not a work out-told; its recitation never falls upon listless ears, or fails to move the sympathies and arouse the patriotic feelings of an American audience. The Pilgrim Monument will be one of the most imposing and beautiful monumental works in the world. The design, so creditable to the taste and genius of the artist, prefigures a structure of vast, yet harmonious proportions. While it will mark the place of the first settlement of New England, it will, also, by inscriptions, devices and sculpture, signalize the leading events in the lives of the forefathers, and by appropriate figures symbolize their cherished principles. May endure for ages, and decay only when our descendants shall cease to appreciate their rich inheritance of civil and religious liberty." After the ceremonies of laying the corner-stone, the procession formed again and marched to a spacious tent, where dinner had been provided for 2800 persons. Among the invited guests were Governor Banks and his staff, Governor Turner of Rhode Island, and Col. Crandall of his staff, Governor Buckingham of Connecticut, Governor Chase of Ohio, Hon. Edward Kent, formerly Governor of Maine, Hon. John P. Hale of New Hampshire, Hon. Henry Wilson, Hon. Anson Burlingame, Hon. T. D. Eliot of New Bedford, Hon. Robert B. Hall of Plymouth, Hon. Oliver Warner, Secretary of the Commonwealth, Hon. Stephen H. Phillips, AttorneyGeneral, Hon. Charles A. Phelps, Hon. Charles Hale, Rev. Lyman Beecher, D. D., Rev. Samuel Osgood, D. D., of Springfield, Rev. Richard S. Storrs, D. D., of Braintree, Hon. Francis P. Blair, Hon. William M. Evarts, President of the New England Society of New York, Hon. Josiah Quincy, Jr., Hon. John T. Heard, Hon. B. F. Hallett, Hon. Charles Hudson, Hon. Charles R. Train, Hon. Ira M. Barton of Worcester, Hon. John W. Proctor of Danvers, Rev. John Waddington of Plymouth, England, George Folsom, Esq. of the New York Historical SociIt is worthy of remembrance that though the Ply-ety, George Sumner, Esq., Dr. N. B. Shurtleff, Hammatt mouth Company possessed the privileges of a monopoly, Billings, Esq., and others. it having exclusive right by its patent to all the lands in New England, the members of the Council were lenient in their measures affecting the colonists. Towards the Pilgrims, especially, they showed much liberality. The latter, compelled by treachery to settle on this spot instead of that farther south, which they had selected be- It was half-past four before the speaking could begin. fore their departure from Europe, found themselves The first regular toast was "Our Country," followed by without privileges within the territorial limits of the "The President," in response to which a letter from Mr. Plymouth Company. The Council did not, however, Buchanan was read. The next toast was "Massachulook upon them as trespassers; but, through the influ-setts," to which Governor Banks responded with spirit. ence of one of its number, caused a patent to be issued in their favor. This generous act of the government of the company indicates that its counsels were controlled by sentiments of humanity-by sentiments of brotherly-love, such as it might be supposed would influence the action of those members of it, at least, who were Masons. On former occasions the Fraternity have been called upon to consecrate, by their rites, statues and other memorials erected in honor of the distinguished dead. To the illustrious Washington, to Franklin, Warren, Jack The Divine blessing was invoked by Rev. Edward Hall of Plymouth, and the President invited the guests to proceed at once with the "least interesting exercises of the day," which they did with much laughter as well as energy. Governor Chase answered for Ohio, Governor Buck- Governor Kent answered for Maine; Hon. Charles |