NEW JERSEY, CHART XIV; MICHIGAN, CHART XV; OREGON, CHART XVI; MISSISSIPPI, CHART XVII ..... 106 PENNSYLVANIA, ORGANIZATION, CHART XVIII..... 154 PENNSYLVANIA, FINANCIAL, CHART XIX..... ........ 158 NORTH CAROLINA, CHART XX............... 174 NORTH CAROLINA, COUNTY PLAN, CHART XXI..... 176 A MUNICIPAL PLAN, CHART XXII........ 254 UNIV. OF PREFACE NE of the most difficult problems of public administration in the United States is that centering around departments, bureaus, and boards of public welfare. Perhaps there is no field in which accurate information and dependable direction are more eagerly sought by old and new officials alike. Likewise, legislative bodies, civic and social agencies, and citizens in general are earnestly seeking for information and examples which will point to best administrative methods. This is true not only because of the difficulties involved in the problems of public welfare and relief, but also because of the very large amount of public moneys expended and because successful administration of public welfare lies at the very heart of the American ideal to make democracy effective in the unequal places. This volume is presented, therefore, as a small effort to meet such a demand for comprehensive information concerning the scope, organization, and administration of state systems of public welfare in the United States. Parts of chapters 1, 6, and 7 appeared in the January 1924 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, pages 1, 93 and 137. Parts of chapters 2, 8, and 11 have appeared in the Journal of Social Forces. We wish to thank Miss Breckinridge, Mr. Jensen, Mr. Kelso, Mr. Conant, Mr. Bates, and Mr. Parsons for their original contributions and for permission to use them in this volume. We wish to thank also Professor J. F. Steiner and Miss Katharine Jocher for valuable suggestions. The volume is not intended as an exhaustive treatise. Although charts and information have been checked up approximately to 1925 through documents and correspondence; and although the general descriptions of charts are relatively correct, there will be of course minor variations due to omissions and recent changes. This will not, however, affect the real purpose and plan of the volume which is to present the aggregate picture. It is hoped, therefore, that the information contained in the book may be of use to the many states now seeking to organize and perfect their systems, as well as to general students of public welfare and social work. If, besides, it may contribute a little toward clearing up common misunderstandings concerning public welfare it will have added value. Chapel Hill, N. C. -H. W. O. -D. W. W. |