of in Europe; and, in fome refpects, greater than most of them, to whom he might have been an example, he had above 2,000l. per annum in his hands, which he managed by ftewards, bailiffs, and fervants; and, of that, a great part of the country, which was his own, lying round about him, was part, and the hufbandmen, &c. were of his family, and provided for in his large expanded houfe. He bred all his horfes, which came to the husbandry first colts, and, from thence, as they were fit, were taken into his- equipage: and, as by age, or accident, they grew unfit for that fervice, they were returned to the place from whence they came, and there expired; except what, for plenty, or unfitness, were fold or difpofed of. He had about two hundred perfons in his family, all provided for; and in his capital house, nine original tables covered every day: and, for the accommodation of fo many, a large hall was built, with a fort of alcove, at one end, for diftinction; but yet the whole lay in the view of him that was chief, who had power to do what was proper for keeping order amongst them; and it was his charge to fee it done. The tables were properly affigned; as, for example, the chief steward with the gentlemen and pages: the mafter of the horse with the coachmen and liveries; an under fleward with the bailiffs and fome husbandmen; the clerk of the

kitchen with the bakers, brewers, &c. all together; and other more inferior people, under these, in places apart. The women had their dining room alfo, and were dif tributed in like manner. My lady's chief woman with the gentlewomen; the housekeeper with the maids, and fome others. The method of governing this great family was admirable and eafy, and fuch as might have been a pattern for any management whatever. For if the Duke or Duchefs (who concerned herself much more than he did; for every day of her life, in the morning, the took her tour, and vifited every office about the houfe, and fo was her own fuperintendent) obferved any thing amifs or fulpicious, as a fervant riding out, or the like, nothing was faid to that fervant; but his immediate fuperior, or one of an higher order, was fent for, who was to enquire and answer if leave had been given or not; if not, fuch fervant was freight turned away. No fault of order was paffed by; for it may be concluded there are enough of them that pass undiscovered. All the provisions of the family came from foreign parts, as merchandise. Soap and candle were made in the house, fo likewife the malt was ground there; and all the drink, that came to the duke's table, was of malt fun-dried upon the leads of his house. Those are large, and the lanthorn is in the centre of an, afterisk of glades, cut through the wood of all

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the country round, four or five in a quar ter, almost apert de vieu. Diverse of the gentlemen cut their trees and hedges to humour his vistos; and some planted their hills in his lines, for compliment, at their own charge. All the trees, planted in his parks, and about, were fenced with a dry wall of stone, taken out where the tree was fet. And with all this menagery and provifion, no one, that comes and goes for vifits, or affairs with the Duke (who was Lord Lieutenant of four or five counties, and Lord Prefident of Wales) that could observe any thing more to do there, than in any other nobleman's house. So little, of vain oftentation, was to be seen there. At the entrance, where coaches ordinarily came in, the Duke built a neat dwelling house, but pompous stables, which would accommodate forty horfes, as well as the best sta bles he had. This was called the inn, and was contrived for the ease of the fuitors, as I may call them; for, instead of half a crown to his fervants at taking horse, fixpence there, for form, ferved the turn; and no fervant of his came near a gentleman's horfe; but they were brought by their own fervants, except fuch as lodged, whose equi pages were in his own ftables.

As for the Duke and Duchess, and their friends, there was no time of the day without diverfion. Breakfaft in her gallery that opened into the gardens; then, perhaps a

deer was to be killed, or the gardens and parks with the feveral forts of deer, to be vifited; and if it required mounting, horfes of the Duke's were brought for all the company. And fo, in the afternoon, when the ladies were disposed to air, and the gentlemen with them, coaches and fix came to hold them all. At half an hour after eleven the bell rang to prayers, fo at fix in the evening; and, through a gallery, the beft company went into an ifle in the church (fo near was it) and the Duke and Duchefs could fee if all the family were there. The ordinary paftime of the ladies was in a gallery on the other fide, where fhe had diverse gentlewomen commonly at work upon embroidery and fringe-making; for all the beds of ftate were made and finished in the house. The meats were very neat, and not grofs; no fervants in livery attended but thofe called gentlemen only; and, in the feveral kinds, even down to the fmall beer, nothing could be more choice than the table was. It was an oblong and not an oval; and the Duchefs, with two daughters only, fat at the upper end. If the gentlemen chose a glass of wine, the civil offers were made either to go down into the vaults, which were very large and sumptuous, or fervants, at a fign given, attended with falvers, &c. and many a brisk round went about; but no fitting at a table with tobacco and healths, as the too common use

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is. And this way of entertaining continued a week, while we were there, with incomparable variety for the Duke had always fome new project of building, walling, or planting, which he would fhew, and afk his friends their advice about; and nothing was forced, or ftrained, but easy and familiar, as if it was, and really fo I thought it to be, the common courfe and way of living in that family.

One thing more I must needs relate, which education. the Duke told us fmiling; and it was this. When he was in the midst of his building, his neighbour,the Lord Chief Juftice Hales, made him a vifit; and obferving the many contrivances the Duke had for the difpofing of fo great a family, he craved leave to fuggeft one to him, which he thought would be much for his fervice; and it was to have but one door to his houfe,and the window of his Study, where he fat most, open upon that. This fhews how hard it is for even wife and learned men to confider things without themselves. The children of the family were bred with a philofophical care.

No inferior fervants were permitted to entertain them, left fome mean fentiments, or foolish notions and fables, should steal into them; and nothing was fo ftrongly impreffed upon them, as a fenfe of honour. Witnefs the Lord Arthur, who, being about five years old, was very angry with the judge for hanging men. The judge told