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being not less than 62,600 feet superficial. The greatest number of panes inserted by a man in one day was 108, being 367 feet 6 inches of glazing."

It is gratifying to be able to state that Messrs. Fox, Henderson and Co.'s astonishing contract to deliver over the building-or "the Crystal Palace," as it was now generally denominated, on account of the fairy-like beauty of the structure-to the Commissioners, on the 31st December, was punctually performed-the crystal edifice had sprung out of the ground almost with the silence and rapidity of Aladdin's Palace; and although the severity of the frost had put a stop to the operations of the glaziers, yet three-fourths, and by far the most important portion, had been covered in; and punctually on the 1st of January the Commissioners occupied the vast space with their carpenters, painters, and artizans, and urged forward the final preparation for the reception in the

world's wonder in architecture of the world's wonders of art.

Among the later operations connected with the completion of the work, the most remarkable for the celerity with which it was conducted, was the ornamental painting of the nave roof. Iron straps, attached to the trusses, supported a number of scaffold poles, on which a perfect cloud of boards was laid, and as many as between 400 and 500 painters, by these means, worked their way, with extreme rapidity, from one end of the building to the other.

By the 1st of May the building was completed; the interior and a great part of the exterior were painted; the roof covered with canvas, and the crowds of workmen of all kinds, exhibitors, and their assistants, were replaced by the vast assembly collected to witness the inauguration of the Exhibition by Her Majesty, which took place punctually on that day, as determined sixteen months before.

472

PATENTS

From January 5th to December 28th, 1850.

It is frequently difficult to make an abstract of the lengthy descriptions given by the patentees of their inventions, sufficiently short for the purpose of this list, and yet sufficiently accurate to indicate exactly the nature of the invention. It is hoped, however, that sufficient is given to afford to an inquirer the means of making more accurate researches in the official records.

Ackroyd, dressing fabrics, June 19
Adorno, cigars, July 31
Ainslie, bricks, tiles, &c., Nov. 30
Allan, electric telegraphs, Nov. 16
Allemand, producing light, Nov. 14
Amberger, magnetic power, Oct. 3
Anderson, spectacles, Nov. 30
Anderson, soap, April 30
Andrew, preparing warps, Feb. 21
Arkell, candle wicks, April 20
Ashe, nautical instruments, Nov. 14
Ashurst, varnishes, April 18
Ashworth, spinning and weaving, May 29
Atherton, steam engines, Feb. 7
Attwood, tubing, April 15

Auchterlonie, ornamental fabrics, Feb. 7
Auld, steam engines, Dec. 19
Babington, incrustation, Nov. 7
Bachhoffner, light and heat, Dec. 19
Baddeley, ornamental earthenware, Oct. 17
Baldwin, generating steam, June 19
Baldwin, carpets, Dec. 12
Ball, heating ovens, Nov. 12
Bancks, paper, Nov. 30
Baranowski, counting, April 23

Barber, desh seals, Nov. 30

Barbor, artificial fuel, Jan. 17
Barclay, smelting and fans, Jan. 15

Barclay, rotary engines & fans, Sept. 5
Barlow, spinning cotton, Oct. 17
Barlow, railways, Jan. 3
Bateman, life-boats, Nov. 2
Baxter, lifting apparatus, Dec. 12
Beadon, decomposing smoke, Jan. 19
Beart, bricks and tiles, Oct. 10
Beatson, computing angles, Jan. 29
Beattie, steering vessels, Sept. 5
Beetson, waterclosets, July 23

Bell, waterclosets and air-traps, July 25
Bell, dressing bran, &c., June 6
Bendall, agricultural implements, Nov. 23
Bennett, doors and blinds, Dec. 12
Berger, starch, Jan. 26

Bernard, pneumatic springs, Oct. 3
Bernard, boots and shoes, Dec. 4
Bessemer, ornamenting surfaces, July 22
Bessemer, centrifugal apparatus, July 31
Bicknell, cleaning grain, June 7
Binns, piercing machines, June 24
Black, folding machine, Nov. 7
Blakemore, ploughs, Nov. 30
Blinkhorn, glass, Feb. 11
Boggett, engines and pumps, Oct. 3
Booth, obtaining power, July 15
Booth, gas, Nov. 12
Boril, bricks, Nov. 30
Borland, weaving machinery, Nov. 2
Botturi, elevating fluids, Dec. 19
Bower, screws, bolts, and nails, July 23
Bradford, locks and fastenings, July 22
Brisbane, looms, Sept. 19

Brooman, abdominal supporters, July 31

Brooman, agricultural machines, Dec. 7

Brooman, purifying water, Sept. 19
Brooman, railways, Nov. 7

Brooman, types, March 7

Brooman, zinc, April 20

Brown, fluid meters, June 1
Brown, metallic casks, July 17

Brown, lift and force pumps, Nov. 19
Brown, electro-telegraphy, March 7
Browne, disinfecting, Oct. 10
Browne, weaving, &c., Oct. 24
Bruce, rotary engines, Aug. 22
Buckwell, springs, April 18
Budd, coke, June 11

Burch, printing carpets, Sept. 28
Burt, window blinds, Nov. 30
Burton, sewers, Jan. 11

Bury, glazing and embossing, Jan. 31
Bury, preparing and spinning, Oct. 10
Bury, cleaning & spinning silk, Oct. 10
Cadby, musical instruments, Aug. 12
Cartali, preparing yarns, June 4
Carte, musical instruments, March 7
Carter, lighting, March 23

Chabert, washing & drying linen, Nov. 30
Chameroy, paving, Aug. 22
Chameroy, boilers and pipes, April 15
Chapman, setting up rigging, April 20
Charpillon, gun locks, Dec. 29
Cheverton, imitation ivory, June 19
Christen, cylinder printing, Sept. 19
Christie, carding and spinning, Nov. 7
Church, cards, March 7
Clare, metallic casks, Nov. 7
Clark, electric telegraphs, Nov. 12
Claussen, bleaching, Aug. 16
Clenchard, orchil, March 26
Clyburn, wheel carriages, Nov. 2
Coates, bolts, spikes, and nails, June 1
Coats, turning and cutting, Nov. 16
Cochran, ornamenting fabrics, Feb. 27
Cochrane, pistons, firebars, Sept. 5
Cochrane, iron pipes or tubes, Jan. 3
Colegrave, saddles, ships' rigging, Jan. 29
Colegrave, valves, &c., July 3
Colman, starch, June 8
Connop, casting-sand, July 10
Cooper, steam engines, Jan. 11
Cormack, purifying gas, Feb. 21
Cotgreave, draining, May 22
Cowing, hydraulics, Jan. 17
Cowper, tiles, Dec. 19

Cox, aerated waters, June 11
Crawford, drying paper, July 10
Cross, textile fabrics, Sept.
Crosskill, mills, Aug. 6
Crossley, printing yarns, Sept. 28
Cunningham, reefing sails, Nov. 30
Curtis, sugar, March 23
Dalgleish, printing, May 7
Dalton, bleaching and dyeing, Jan. 26
D'Angely, privies and urinals, June 4
Davidson, lime kilns, Nov. 2

Deakin, rolling metals & tubes, June 12
De Bergue, steam engines, April 15
De la Barre de Nanteuil, propellers,
Nov. 2

Dent, compasses, July 17

De Witte, printing, March 7
Dick, steel and gas, Aug. 22
Dixon, moulding iron, Oct. 24

Dimsdale, palates and gums, April 15
Dixon, sinks, May 30
Donkin, steam engines, Feb. 9

Dorning, bricks and tiles, Jan. 3
D'Orville, thread or yarn, Dec. 19
Douhet, disoxygenation, June 1
Duckworth, chicory, Nov. 14
Dumesk, reflectors, May 22
Dummler, obtaining fibres, Jan. 31
Dunbar, carriages, July 23
Dunn, motive power, Dec. 26
Dunnicliff, lace, June 11

Duron, turntables and presses, Nov. 19
Eccles, looms, Sept. 19

Edmonds, woollen fabrics, July 17
Edmondson, marking tickets, March 19
Edwards, motive power, Nov. 7
Elliott, woven fabrics, June 1
Elliott, bricks, tiles, and pipes, April 27
Ellis, railway carriages, June 11
Elmslie, protecting powder, Nov. 30
Erard, pianofortes, Sept. 12
Everest, waterclosets, Dec. 7
Everitt, boiler tubes, June 12
Fairbairn, cranes, Nov. 7

Fairbairn, spinning and weaving, July 31
Fayrer, steering, Jan. 11

Fernihough, motive power, Oct. 10
Findlay, turning, April 5

Fontainemoreau, consum. smoke, Ap. 23
Fontainemoreau, engines, June 8
* Fontainemoreau, soda, June 11
Fontainemoreau, wafers, April 23
Foot, boilers, June 27
Forster, filtering, June 27
Ford, obtaining power, June 3
Fowler, draining, March 7
Fowler, steam engines, Oct. 17
Franklinsky, public carriages, Dec. 5
Fréche, obtaining power, Aug. 12
Fulljames, raising bodies, June 26
Gatty, carbonates, June 11

Gedge, lamps and candlesticks, March 23
Gerard, gutta percha, May 7
Gibbs, mortar and cements, May 7
Glasgow, compressing metals, Jan. 12
Goodall, cutting paper, April 5
Goodfellow, steam engines, March 13
Gossage, obtaining metals, July 17
Gossage, sulphuric acid, Dec. 20
Grant, temperature, Oct. 24
Gratrix, piled fabrics, Dec. 26
Gray, supplying water, July 31
Green, preparation of peat, Dec. 19
Greenough, motive power, July 31
Greenough, chairs and couches, Nov. 21
Greenway, propelling ships, June 19
Gurlt, extracting silver, Oct. 10
Gwynne, motive power, Aug. 5
Gwynne, sugar, Feb. 27

Haddan, carriages and wheels, July 3
Haley, looms, Nov. 14
Hall, looms, Feb. 25

Hall, steam engines, Aug. 12
Hamilton, sawing and cutting, Sept. 28
Hamilton, ventilating, Nov. 25
Hanson, steam engines, June 19
Harding, buttons, June 12

Harding, heckling and carding, Oct. 17
Hargreaves, consuming smoke, April 18
Harlow, bedsteads, &c., May 30
Harratt, rolling iron, Sept. 28
Harris, barometers, Dec. 19
Harris, looped fabrics, April 18
Hartas, motive power, June 19
Hayden, drawing frame, Oct. 10
Hazeldine, wagons and carts, July 23
Heath, iron, June 19

Hediard, propelling, Feb. 21
Helbranner, excluding noise, July 31
Heycock, finishing and dressing, Jan. 26
Hickman, tubes, May 25
Hill, ores, March 11

Hill, preparing cotton, July 15
Hills, sugar, June 1

Highton, electro-telegraphy, Feb. 7
Hinley, castors, Dec. 5
Hoby, railways, July 3

Hoby, railways, Dec. 7

Hodge, steam engines, July 3

Hodgkinson, furnaces, Nov. 2 Holdsworth, warping, March 11 Holland, umbrellas, Aug. 22 Holliday, lamps, Feb. 11

19

Hornsby, agricultural machines, July 3
Horsfall, rolling metals, March 19
Hosking, valves, pumps, &c., Nov.
Houldsworth, iron and metals, Sept. 26
Howarth, raising pile, Nov. 14
Howells, gun carriages, Dec. 12
Huddart, cigars, Aug. 29
Humfrey, fatty matters, April 23
Hunt, moulding, June 20
Hurry, lubricators, May 22
Hurwood, grinding, May 7
Hynam, taper dipping, July 31
Illingworth, preparing, Aug. 22
Jackson, heckling machinery, June 6
Jackson, soap, June 11
Jacobs, printing, Oct. 24
Jenkins, motive power, March 18
Jennings, waterproofing, July 23
Jeffreys, medicines, Feb. 28
Johnson, fixing colours, Oct. 17
Johnson, steam engines, Dec. 12
Kane, chairs and castors, Aug. 5
Keates, cylinders, Aug. 16
Kingsford, refrigerating, Nov. 9
Knowles, charcoal, Nov. 19
Kurtz, dyeing

Laird, building ships, Jan. 19
Laird, life-boats, June 24
Laird, loading ships, Nov. 16

Laming, gas, April 23
Lamport, lifting bodies, June 19
Lancaster, firearms, July 3
Leigh, spinning, March 26
Lenox, windlasses, Feb. 28
Lerew, sewing-machines, Nov. 7
Leroy, locomotives, July 31
Liebhaber, blasting rocks, Nov. 14
Lightfoot, printing, Jan. 3
Lillie, motive power, Sept. 5
Lister, combing, March 20
Long, steering, Jan. 24
Longdon, looped fabrics, Sept. 12
Lucas, printing apparatus, Nov. 7
Mabley, soup, Oct. 3

Macalpine, washing machines, April 23
Macfie, sugar and charcoal, June 24
Macintosh, motive power, Feb. 12
Mac Lardy, finishing, June 12
Main, printing machinery, Nov. 8
Mair, figured muslins, Nov. 11
Malo, propelling vessels, June 20
Manly, nails, June 12

Marbe, vegetable fluid, April 18
Marnas, indigo, Dec. 12
Marsden, scissors, Nov. 12

Martin, cleaning grain, Nov. 16
Mason, preparing cotton, Dec. 12
Mason, spinning and weaving, Jan. 29
Massiah, artificial marble, Aug. 10
Masson, vegetable substances, Nov. 12
Mather, scouring, Sept. 5

Mather, washing and drying, Nov. 2
Mathew, dressing slate, March 23
Matthews, sizing paper, Nov. 2
May, agricultural machines, April 30
Mayo, glass pipes, Feb. 21
McDonald, carriage springs, Jan. 11
McNaught, steam engines, March 7
McNicoll, raising weights, June 6
Medhurst, gas meters, Nov. 12
Mein, sheeps' fleeces, Dec. 7
Melville, locomotives, July 17
Mercer, preparing cotton, Oct. 24
Meyer, looms, Aug. 10
Mills, steam engines, July 22
Millington, corn-cleaning, Oct. 24
Milwain, closing doors, Jan. 12
Milligan, ornamental fabrics, March 18
Michiels, gas, April 30

Michiels, potatoes for seed, Oct. 17
Mitchell, writing materials, June 24
Morewood, coating metals, Dec. 12
Morrell, motive power, Nov. 7
Mortimer, magnetic needle, Dec. 7
Napier, separating fluid, June 4
Nasmyth, calico printing, Sept. 19
Nasmyth, heating, March 12
Newington, sowing & manuring, Jan. 11
Newton, boots and shoes, June 6

Newton, caoutchouc, July 9
Newton, carding, June 11
Newton, casting type, April 23
Newton, coating for wood, Nov. 19
Newton, composition, March 23
Newton, cloth, cushions, &c., June 8
Newton, couplings, May 28
Newton, coupling joints, March 26
Newton, cutting files, July 23
Newton, cutting stone, Dec. 12
Newton, cutting types, Aug. 29
Newton, dyeing yarn, Sept. 26
Newton, hat bodies, Jan. 29
Newton, heating and lighting, June 12
Newton, hurdles and fences, Dec. 12
Newton, manufacturing yarns, Oct. 10
Newton, railways, June 12
Newton, refining gold, Aug. 22
Newton, refrigerating, Aug. 22
Newton, rotary engines, June 11
Newton, separating bodies, Feb. 21
Newton, ships' magazines, Aug. 22
Newton, ships and boilers, Aug. 22
Newton, ventilating, May 22
Newton, steam engines, Dec. 7
Newton, zinc and oxides, July 23
Nickels, fabrics, Jan. 23
Nickels, woollen fabrics, Nov. 23
Nind, sugar, Dec. 19

Nye, hydraulic machinery, Nov. 12
Nye, hydraulics, Jan. 17
Omerond, turntables, Feb. 7
Ommanney, steel, Dec. 19
Page, cleansing sewers, June 1
Palmer, candle wicks, May 22
Palmer, candles and lamps, Dec. 29
Palmer, night lights, Nov. 9
Palmer, gas holders, Feb. 21
Panwells, gas meters, April 23
Pape, musical instruments, Dec. 20
Papps, bedsteads, Dec. 7
Parkes, metals, June 11
Pascal, smoky chimneys, Oct. 24
Paterson, textile materials, Sept. 12
Paxton, roofs, July 22
Peppe, time-keepers, Feb. 28
Percy, alloys, June 24

Pettitt, glass and furnaces, May 25
Phillips, cutting turnips, July 3
Phipps, propelling, April 5
Pim, boilers and funnels, July 3
Pincoffs, printing and dyeing, May 23
Pirsson, steam machinery, July 31
Pittar, umbrellas and parasols, Aug. 13
Platt, spinning and doubling, Dec. 2
Platt, spinning, April 11
Preece, threshing, March 26
Price, filters, Sept. 12
Prosser, supplying water, Aug. 22
Prosser, tubes, April 11

Protheroe, oxide of zinc, April 30

Pole, steam engines, June 11
Poole, punching, June 1
Radley, fatty bodies, May 25
Ramsbotham, combing, March 23
Rayner, paving, Dec. 7
Read, compressing, Dec. 29
Reid, propelling, April 15
Reinhard, filtering oil, Jan. 24
Remond, envelopes, April 15
Rennie, gas retorts, Sept. 5
Richards, rollers, March 2
Richardson, magnesian salts, Jan. 26
Riepe, steel, Jan. 29

Riepe, refining steel, Dec. 5
Ripley, finishing cloth, Nov. 19
Rishton, urinals, July 31
Ritchie, tubes, April 23
Ritchie, carding, Oct. 10
Ritchie, stoves, Nov. 30
Robbins, railway carriages, May 7
Roberts, clogs and pattens, June 19
Roberts, textile fabrics, Jan. 29
Robertson, spinning, June 6
Robinson, lifting fluids, Nov. 7
Rock, carriages, Nov. 9
Rodham, purifying smoke, Dec. 16
Rogers, peat fuel, Sept. 19
Rose, gun-barrels, Oct. 24
Roseleur, tinning metals, March 23
Rosenborg, sawing, March 7
Ross, raising pile, April 18
Rotch, separating matters, March 26
Rotch, soap, July 31

Rotch, separating matters, June 24
Rotch, saltpetre, Aug. 22
Rowley, fastenings, Nov. 30
Royce, grinding corn, Dec. 12
Russell, war steamers, Oct. 10
Samuel, steam engines, April 3
Saul, spinning and twisting, Sept. 5
Saunders, sawing, June 20
Schofield, cutting pile, Jan. 26
Scoffern, sugar and valves, Feb. 21
Scott, pigments, July 24
Scott, docks, slips, &c., Nov. 9
Sears, guns and cannons, Jan. 11
Seely, grinding, April 5
Serionne, buttons, Feb. 9
Sharpe, railway carriages, June 4
Shaw, railways, Aug. 3
Shears, refining sugar, Oct. 17

Shepard, elect. mag. apparatus, Oct. 24
Shepherd, telegraphs, Nov. 23
Shiers, textile fabrics, Dec. 2
Shore, dressing flour, Nov. 12
Siddeley, ships' fittings, March 23
Sidebottom, steam engines, Jan. 3
Sidebottom, looms, June 11
Siemens, electro-telegraphy, April 23
Silvester, setting steel, July 17
Simpson, raising bodies, Jan. 19

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