anxiety for the safety of our country, so materally advanced by this precaution, will approve when done, what they would have seen so important to be done, if then assembled. Expenses, also unprovided for, arose out of the necessity of calling all our gun-boats into actual service for the defence of our harbours, of all which accounts will be laid before you. Whether a regular army is to be raised, and to what extent, must depend on the information so shortly expected. In the mean time I have called on the States for quotas of militia to be in readiness for present defence; and have, moreover, encouraged the acceptance of volunteers, and I am happy to inform you, that these have offered themselves with great alacrity in every part of the Union: they are ordered to be organized, and ready at a moment's warning, to proceed on any service to which they may be called, and every preparation within the executive power, has been made to insure us the benefit of early exertions. I informed Congress at their last session, of the enterprises against the public peace, which were believed to be in preparation by Aaron Burr and his associates, of the measures taken to defeat them, and to bring the offenders to justice. Their enterprizes were happily defeated by the patriotic exertions of the militia, whenever called into action, by the fidelity of the army, and the energy of the Commander in Chief, in promptly arranging the difficulties presenting themselves on the Sabine, repairing to meet those arising on the Mississippi, and dissipating before their explosion, plots engendering there: I shall think it my duty to lay before you the proceedings, and the evidence publicly exhibited on the arraignment of the principal offenders before the District Court of Virginia. You will be enabled to judge whether the defect was in the testimony, in the law, or in the administration of the law; and wherever it shall be found, the Legislature alone can apply or originate the remedy. The framers of our constitution certainly supposed they had guarded, as well their government against destruction by treason, as their citizens against oppression, under pretence of it: and if these end: are not attained, it is of importance to enquire by what means, more effectual, they may be secured. The accounts of the receipts of revenue, during the year ending on the 30th day of September last, being not yet made up, a correct statement will be hereafter transmitted from the Treasury In the mean time it is ascertained that the re ceipts have amounted to near sixteen millions of dollars; which, with the five millions and a half in the Treasury at the beginning of the year, have enabled us, after meeting the current demands and interest incurred, to pay more than four millions of the principal of our funded debt. These payments, with those of the preceding five and a half years, have extinguished of the funded debt, twenty-five millions and a half of dollars, being the whole which could be paid or purchased within the limits of the law, and of our contracts, and have left us in the Treasury eight millions and a half of dollars. A portion of this sum may be considered as a commencement of accumula tion of the surplusses of revenue, which, after paying the instalments of debt, as they shall become payable, will remain without any specifis object. It may partly, indeed, be applied towards completing the defence of the exposed points of our country, on such in scale a shall be adapted to our principles and circumstances. This object is doubtless among the first entitled to attention in such a state of our finances, and it is one which, whether we have peace or war, will provide security where it is due. Whether what shall remain of this, with the future surplusses, may be usefully applied to purposes already authorised, or more usefully to others requiring new authorities, or how otherwise they shall be disposed of, are questions calling for the notice of Congress: unless, indeed, they shall be superseded by a change in our public relations, now awaiting the determination of others. Whatever be that determination, it is a great consolation that it will become known at a moment, when the Supreme Council of the nation is assembled at its post, and ready to give the aids of its wisdom and authority to whatever course the good of our country shall then call us to pursue. Matters of minor importance will be the subjects of future communications; and nothing information, in dispatch to the proceedings of the shall be wanting on my part which may give Legislature, at the exercise of their high duties, and in a moment so interesting to the public TH. JEFFERSON. welfare. Tuesday, Oct. 27, 1807. We are favoured with the following come munication from a Portuguese gentleman, à native of Brazil, who knows that country thoroughly. We hope, by the favour of the same respected correspondent, to present our readers with a more interesting and complete view of those extensive regions than has ever yet appeared. On the Probable Events consequent on the Settlement of the Court of Portugal in the Bruzils. The migration of the Royal Family of Portugal to the Brazils, is an event of such magconsequences, that we find no parallel to it in nitude, both in its nature, and in its probable modern history, and hardly an equal among ancient traditions. The settlement of Eneas, in Italy, or of Dido in Carthage, was an event interesting to a very small portion of the world; and the voyage performed to accomplish either of those undertakings was a mere trifle compared with the present removal of a royal family, and the whole government of a country, to another quarter of the globe. Eneas had his old father with him; the Prince Regent of Portugal has his venerable mother; with a large family.. Eneas, however, had no alternative but flight; his city being in flames, and the enemy already within his pa lace, no time was allowed for premeditation. But in this instance of Portugal, there is a determination, a settled and concerted plan wisely contrived, and resolutely executed, when necessity pointed out the time. ways checked by various obstacles 'the introduction or establishment of manufactories in that country; and in many instances has issued formal prohibitions, and enforced penalBut, leaving the nature of the transaction, ties, to prevent certain manufactories from and its causes to future consideration, we shall being instituted. So that the Brazils have only examine at present, the consequences of been till now furnished through the channel this removal of the Portuguese Court, to the and by the manufactories of Portugal, with Brazils, as far as it concerns the interests of cloths, linen, hats, flannels, cottons, and a diGreat Britain. In the present state of Eu-versity of other articles, that now must necesrope we hardly can conceive any change in its sarily be obtained from England. political affairs, that could produce a happier effect both to England, and to the Portugal, many articles of French, Spanish, and tuguese. This transatlantic migration may give birth to a great empire in that quarter of the world; and the interest of this new nation will be to continue closely united to Great Britain, and reciprocally Great Britain to this new nation. The extent of territory of the Brazils, is of upwards of 2500 miles along the sea coast, and its breadth we may say is boundless. There are innumerable rivers that run from the interior of that country to the ocean, forming many harbours, all of which have towns, cities, port establishments, docks, and commercial factories, of more or less importance, according to the nature of the surrounding country. There are eight large cities, with episcopal sees; also a Governor General almost independent of the Vice Roy, at Rio de Janeiro. A chain of mountains runs along all the coast of the Brazils; in some parts near the sea, in others a few leagues distant. These mountains occasion a great difference of climate, in the districts lying under the same latitude; when the country near the coast is sultry, that beyond the mountains, to the interior, is mild and temperate. Its productions also, are dif ferent. As the country extends from the equinoxial to 33 degrees of latitude south; there is, even along the sea coast, a great variety of climates, which affords also a great variety of natural productions; and, in fact, scarcely any animal or vegetable exists that will not find its appropriate climate in the Brazils. Many useful commodities are already cultivated there in perfection: such as indigo, cotton, sugar, tobacco, hemp, flax, cochinella, with a variety of other articles, spontaneously produced by nature, which the Brazilian has only the trouble of gathering. Such are, brazil wood, peruvian bark, salsaparella, gold, diamonds, precious stones of almost every description, with immense forests of the best wood for building. The Brazilians received also, through Por Italian manufactures. These must now be supplied exclusively from England; and even those articles which they used to receive from England, either by way of Portugal, or directly by contreband trade, will be now more plentifully consumed; because, the English merchant being able to sell his goods in the Brazils at a lower rate than the Brazilian formerly paid for them, under so many restrictions, a greater number of individuals will be able to purchase them, and the consumption of those very articles will of course be greater. This mercantile interest will be followed by many political advantages to Great Britain; for the Portuguese have in the Brazils the best timber for ship building, and they may in a short time establish a navy, which, in conjunction with that of Great Britain will hold the entire dominion of the seas, and though each is powerful on the same element, their interests cannot for the reasons stated be in opposition, but will be in unison with each other. On this circumstance, we observe, that the Portuguese government have now in their docks and arsenals in the Brazils, such an immense quantity of timber as to be suffi cient for the building of four hundred sail! Also, that the hemp produced in the southern parts of Brazil, is of the very first quality; and the present small plantations of this article may be augmented to an unlimited extent. If we consider the injustice with which the domineering power of the continent has driven the Portuguese Royal Family from their throne and possessions in Europe, we can hardly imagine an hypothesis or suppose a circumstance that will produce a sincere reconciliation between the parties. Such an unprovoked attack, such a daring act of tyranny cannot be soon forgotten, either by the Prince or by the people. This also adds to the reasons for their friendship towards Eng land. But, though there are so many and valua- Nor is it likely that the establishment of ble productions of nature, there are very few manufactories in the Brazils, for their increasof art; and here lies the mutual interest that ing commerce will render them rivals to Great will unite, and must unite, the English to Britain. The nature of the Portuguese gothe Brazilians: because, the Portuguese have vernment is very different from that of Eng not in the Brazils any manufactories what- land; the habits, the customs, the ancient ever. Government in those provinces has al-laws, the ideas of the people, and the general 1 system of political conduct, will long continue, tacked by returning paroxysms of rheumatism, as they are; and we know, that their restric-asthma, and less severe cases of impeded retions upon commerce, their system of legal | spiration. To these we may add, in general, monopolies, and other causes almost inherent in the Portuguese government will continue to be a check upon their own commerce and manufactories; at the same time that the liberality of British ideas, both in commerce and industry, will always maintain a decided superiority over then in these respects. When we compare this momentous acquisition with the loss of Buenos Ayres, we can easily perceive the insignificancy of that loss, and the importance of this gain. bowel complaints, worms, burns, injuries from Sir, Yours, &c. C. PEARS. STRANGURY, (or in its common accepta. It may be objected, that the settlement at tion a painful inability of relieving the urinaRio de la Plata was British, Brazils is not. ry bladder at pleasure) is an attendant upon But where is the real difference? Colonies many diseases, so that no age or sex is exempt cannot be interesting to the parent state, but from its attacks. In advanced age, it is usualso far as they contribute to promote industry ly the result of previous disease. Its most and commerce. What is the difference, then, general causes are, the stone, gravel, spasms, between enjoying the commerce of the Bra-cholic, inflammation of the bladder, affections zils, and that of the Rio de la Plata? We perceive but one, which is in our favour, viz. that at the Rio de la Plata, the mother country had great expences to support, and a considerable armed force to maintain ; whereas at the Brazils, the same or a greater interest of commerce, is free from the inconvenience of paying garrisons, of supporting civil and military establishments, and of maintaining an expensive war. On the other hand, should the court of the Brazils feel disposed to resent the conduct of Spain and France, and attack their possessions in America, Britain could seize the greater part of Spanish America, in conjunction with the Brazilians, by far more easily now than before, and with greater probability of obtaining those possessions and colonizing them. A chain of fleets from England to the Azores, and Madeira, thence to Brazil, and the Cape of Good Hope, will oblige every nation upon earth to submit their trade to British regulations; and we may conclude, that this event will open such resources as renders us entirely independent of the continent. To the Editor of the Literary Panorama. SIR;-The atmosphere having under-' gone a greater variety of changes during the present month than it did the last, has produced a corresponding increase in the number of diseases. These have varied more in their degree than kind, being the usual accompaniments of this season, as diversifying the appearances of what is called a COMMON COLD (the great importance and danger of which is hereby evinced) and acting either directly or indirectly on the diseases or dispositions to them, previously resident in the constitution. Hence we find CHILDREN affected with inflammations of the chest, fever, cough, and eruptions of various kinds, among which the smallpork has prevailed much and fatally. ADULTS and AGED PERSONS have been seriously at of the liver, kidney, or intestines (and espe cially the lower ones), and the gout; diseases of the prostate gland in MEN, and wind from hysterical attacks in WOMEN; also the MECHANICAL OBSTRUCTIONS of polypi, or bodies growing in the bladder, strictures, the use of caustic bougies, surgical operations, and external violence, from other causes, as accidents, &c. the long continuance of diseased action, ulcerations, pressure from confined fæces, accumulated blood in the ad joining vessels (in piles), &c. Elisters, also, often produce strangury, especially in irritable habits, where the cantharides or Spanish flies in the plaister being absorbed and carried into the constitution, have a peculiar deter• mination to the seat of this disease (as many other medicines have to other parts of the body), and produce the most painful and distressing symptoms. To prevent this, it is very common to order the patient to dilate very plentifully by drinking large quantities of barley water in which gum arabic (and sometimes the salt of nitre) has been previous ly dissolved; but any other mild liquid, as water, milk, broth, &c. will answer the parpose as well; and it is remarkable, that WOMEN in general require this preventive means much less frequently than men. always be considered; the removal of which In the cure of strungury, the CAUSE must is the direct means of relief; but if the effect will be thus slowly produced, a more immeprocess must be employed, and repeated as required, until the radical cure can be ef fected by permanency. diate (To be continued.) * I have seen this, though the reverse is generally the case. The importance of our political infor mation this month obliges us to postpone the remainder of this article, with the PROMOTIONS, BANKRUPTS, IMPORTS, &c. &c. STATE OF TRADE. Lloyd's Coffec-House, 21st December, 1807. THE declaration of the Emperor Alexander against this country, has already affected the market prices of all kinds of Russian produce, as iron, hemp, tallow, timber, &c. &c. and one house in the city has gained no less than £80,000 by the advanced price of the article of tallow alone. In other respects, it has had a contrary and more disagreeable effect, having occasioned the failure of some very respectable merchants, who were largely engaged in that trade. It has however proved extremely fortunate for our merchants and ship owners, that all the British vessels have got off clear from the embargo laid in Russia, except three ships, which have been detained in the Baltic. We sincerely hope that the Report of the West India merchants, delivered to the House of Commons last July will be attended to at the meeting of parliament; Particularly that part of it respecting the Americans' carrying West Indian produce into France, and to other parts of the Continent. Such attention may prevent the total destruction of the West Indian merchants and planters, which otherwise must inevitably ensue. Our market is at present overloaded with all kinds of West Indian produce, and it is impossible even to force sales by public auction; nor can we expect it to be otherwise, under the present circumstances of distracted Europe. Every kind of communication with Portugal is now cut off, as well as with Spain, and our merchants concerned in the trade of these countries are completely at a loss even to correspond with their agents, there being no mode of so doing but by neutrals, if such can be found in these times. We are confidently assured, that within a few days past, goods have been cleared at our Custom-house as if for a neutral port, but in fact for France, and shipped by the merchants, under a licence signed by Talleyrand himself, and transferred to this country to ensure their safe landing in a French port. Every day shews in a stronger point of view the great importance which Monte Video and Buenos Ayres might have been of to this country. The ships arrived thence, with part of our army, have brought very considerable remittances, and returns in goods, for the adventures sent out; it is well known that very handsome profits have been made by all the early shippers to those places, not only from London but also from Bristol, Liverpool, Hull, &c. In our former report we stated the rapid and profitable sale for VOL. III. [Lit. Pan. Jan, 1808.] Irish linens of every description, and on further enquiry from repectable adventurers, returned from South America, we find, that almost any quantity of this article would find a market there, and at uncommon profit to our merchants and supercargoes. With respect to the English wool-trade, that, as well as the article of manufactured woollen cloth, continues dull. We suspect that the extravagant prices demanded three years ago, for the best English wools, have operated also in a great degree to the injury of this trade, which has thereby given an opreign wools, not of Spanish, which has been portunity for an increased importation of foshort, but of Saxon, &c. which before were almost totally unknown, so that the finer English wools, for which the Saxon have been substituted, are left on hand from too great a price having been demanded. We think, that at present not only almost the whole of the last shear of English wool is on hand, but a considerable quantity of the shear before, in the southern counties; and indeed the trade for wool is rather declining in price at present, than the contrary. for want of several colonial products, which The continent is reduced to great distress it was accustomed to receive through Great Britain. Within these few days a letter from Antwerp has been shewn in the city, intreating a supply of a few chests of Peruvian bark at any expence, there being none in that city, and a fever with ague, &c. prevailing, Other parts consequence of the season. are probably in the same state; we therefore do not know whether this want has been supplied: though we understand that 70 cwt. of this commodity has lately been exported by one house. in The honourable the East India Company's tea sale is now going on, at Leadenhall-street. The quantity offered for sale, exceeds six million pounds weight of bohea, congou, hyson, &c. and hitherto the prices have been very favourable to the purchasers of that article. At their sugar sale on the 1st day of this month 20,471 bags sold from 28s. to 55s. per cwt., a good price considering the quantity of West India sugars for sale in the markets. At the Company's cotton sale a few days ago 6016 bags of cotton wool sold from 7d. ig 94d. per lb. according to quality. 2 G The Average Prices of Navigable Canal Shares, Dock Stock, Fire Office Shares, &c. in Decem ber 1807, at the Office of Mr. Scott, 28, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London. Coventry Canal, £515, the last half yearly dividend was £14 per share nett.-Grand Junction, £91 ex-dividend.-Ashton and Oldham, £92.Ellesmere, £56. — Monmouthshire, £93.Grand Surrey, £43.-Croydon, £55.-Tavistock Mineral Canal, £5 per share premium.-Ashby de la Zouche, £25.-Kennet and Avon, £20 subscription shares, 10s. premium.-West India Dock Stock, £149 to £150 per cent.-London Dock Stock, £112 per cent.-Globe Insurance, £112 per cent. - East London Water Works, £105 per share premium. |