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ARTICLE 14.

The mediation of interpreters, native secretaries or soldiers of the different Legations or Consulates, when persons who are not under the protection of the Legation or Consulate are concerned shall be admitted only when they are the bearers of a document signed by the head of a mission or by the consular authority.

ARTICLE 15.

Any subject of Morocco who has been naturalized in a foreign country, and who shall return to Morocco, shall after having remained for a length of time equal to that which shall have been regularly necessary for him to obtain such naturalization, choose between entire submission to the laws of the Empire and the obligation to quit Morocco, unless it shall be proved that his naturalization in a foreign country was obtained with the consent of the Government of Morocco. Foreign naturalization heretofore acquired by subjects of Morocco according to the rules established by the laws of each country, shall be continued to them as regards all its effects, without any restriction.

ARTICLE 16.

No irregular or unofficial protection shall be granted in future. The authorities of Morocco will recognize no protection, of any kind whatever, save such as is expressly provided for in this convention.

Nevertheless, the exercise of the customary right of protection shall be reserved for those cases only in which it may be desired to reward signal services rendered by a native of Morocco to a foreign power, or for other altogether exceptional reasons.

The Minister of Foreign Affairs at Tangier shall be previously informed of the nature of the services, and notified of the intention to reward them, in order that he may, if need be, present his observations thereon; yet the final decision shall be reserved for the Government to which the service shall have been rendered.

The number of persons thus protected shall not exceed twelve for each power, and this number is fixed as the maximum unless the consent of the Sultan shall be obtained.

The status of persons who have obtained protection in virtue of the custom which is henceforth to be regulated by this stipulation shall be without limitation of the number of persons belonging to this class and now so protected, the same for themselves and their families as that which is established for other protected persons.

ARTICLE 17.

The right to the treatment of the most favored nation is recognized by Morocco as belonging to all the powers represented at the Madrid conference.

ARTICLE 18.

This convention shall be ratified. The ratifications shall be exchanged at Tangier with as little delay as possible.

By exceptional consent of the high contracting parties the stipulations of this convention shall take effect on the day on which it is signed at Madrid.

In faith whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed this convention, and have thereunto affixed the seals of their arms.

Done at Madrid, in thirteen originals, the third day of July, one thousand eight hundred and eighty. LUCIUS FAIRCHILD.

[SEAL.] SEAL.]

E. DE SOLMS.

E. LUDOLF.
ANSPACH.

A. CÁNOVAS DEL CASTILLO.
JAURÈS.

L. S. SACKVILLE WEST.

SEAL.

SEAL.

SEAL.

SEAL.

SEAL.]

SEAL.]
SEAL.]

J. GREPPI.

SEAL.

SEAL.]

CASAL RIBIERO.

[SEAL.]

AKERMAN.

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Regulations relative to protection adopted by common consent by the Legation of France and the Government of Morocco, August 19, 1863, referred to in Article 10.

Protection is individual and temporary.

It consequently does not in general apply to the relatives of the person protected.

It may apply to his family, that is to say, to his wife and children living under the same roof. It lasts at the longest for a person's lifetime and is never hereditary, with the single exception of the Benchimol family, which has furnished for several generations and still furnishes persons who act in the capacity of Brokers and interpreters for the post at Tangier.

Protected persons are divided into two classes.

The first class comprises natives employed by the Legation and by the various French consular officers.

The second class consists of native factors, brokers, or agents, employed by French merchants for their business affairs. It is proper here to refer to the fact that the term merchant is only applied to a person carrying on the import or export trade on a large scale, either in his own name or as the agent of others.

The number of native brokers enjoying French protection is limited to two for each commercial house.

By way of exception commercial firms having establishments in different ports may have two brokers attached to each of these establishments, who may as such enjoy French protection.

French protection is not extended to natives employed by French citizens in agricultural occupations.

Nevertheless, in consideration of the existing state of things, and by agreement with the authorities of Morocco, the benefit of the pro

• Translated from the French.

tection which has hitherto been granted to the persons referred to in the foregoing paragraph shall be extended to the said persons for two months from the first of September next.

It is, moreover, understood that agricultural laborers, herdsmen, or other native peasants, in the service of French citizens shall not be legally prosecuted without immediate information thereof being communicated to the competent consular officer, in order that the latter may protect the interests of his countrymen.

The list of all protected persons shall be delivered by the proper consulate to the competent magistrate of the place, who shall likewise be informed of any changes that may subsequently be made in

the said list.

Each protected person shall be furnished with a card in French and in Arabic, mentioning his name and stating the services which secure this privilege to him.

All these cards shall be issued by the Legation of France at Tangier.

TANGIER, Aug. 19, 1863.

See agreements with Great Britain and Germany dated, respectively, December 6, 1899, and September 28, 1901, concerning trademarks in Morocco.

And also see the treaty of Algeciras.
International conventions, page 2157.

MUSCAT.a

1833.

TREATY OF AMITY AND COMMERCE.

Concluded September 21, 1833; ratification advised by the Senate June 23, 1834; ratified by the President; ratifications exchanged September 30, 1835; proclaimed June 24, 1837.

This treaty was accepted by the Sultan of Zanzibar after the sepa-ration of that State from Muscat, and its Article III is amended by the treaty of June 5, 1903, between the United States and Great Britain, acting in the name of the Sultan of Zanzibar.

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There shall be a perpetual peace between the United States of America and Seyed Syeed Bin, Sultan, and his dependencies.

ARTICLE II.

The citizens of the United States shall have free liberty to enter all the ports of His Majesty Seyed Syeed Bin, Sultan, with their cargoes, of whatever kind the said cargoes may consist; and they shall have liberty to sell the same to any of the subjects of the Sultan, or others who may wish to buy the same, or to barter the same for any produce or manufactures of the kingdom, or other articles that may be found there. No price shall be fixed by the Sultan, or his officers, on the articles to be sold by the merchants of the United States or the merchandise they may wish to purchase; but the trade shall be free on both sides to sell or buy, or exchange, on the terms and for the prices the owners may think fit; and whenever the said citizens of the United States may think fit to depart, they shall be at liberty so to do; and if any officer of the Sultan shall contravene this article, he shall be severely punished. It is understood and agreed, however, that the articles of muskets, powder, and ball can only be

• See Zanzibar.

1

sold to the Government in the island of Zanzibar; but, in all the other ports of the Sultan, the said munitions of war may be freely sold, without any restrictions whatever, to the highest bidder.

ARTICLE III.

Vessels of the United States entering any port within the Sultan's dominions shall pay no more than five per cent. duties on the cargo landed; and this shall be in full consideration of all import and export duties, tonnage, license to trade, pilotage, anchorage, or any other charge whatever; nor shall any charge be paid on that part of the cargo which may remain on board unsold and re-exported; nor shall any charge whatever be paid on any vessel of the United States which may enter any of the ports of His Majesty for the purpose of refitting, or for refreshments, or to inquire the state of the market.

ARTICLE IV.

The American citizen shall pay no other duties on export or import, tonnage, license to trade, or other charge whatsoever, than the nation the most favoured shall pay.

ARTICLE V.

If any vessel of the United States shall suffer shipwreck on any part of the Sultan's dominions, the persons escaping from the wreck shall be taken care of and hospitably entertained, at the expense of the Sultan, until they shall find an opportunity to be returned to their country, (for the Sultan can never receive any remuneration whatever for rendering succour to the distressed;) and the property saved from such wreck shall be carefully preserved and delivered to the owner, or the Consul of the United States, or to any authorized agent.

ARTICLE VI.

The citizens of the United States resorting to the ports of the Sultan for the purpose of trade shall have leave to land and reside in the said ports without paying any tax or imposition whatever for such liberty other than the general duties on imports which the most favoured nation shall pay.

: ARTICLE VII.

If any citizens of the United States, or their vessels or other property, shall be taken by pirates and brought within the dominions of the Sultan, the persons shall be set at liberty, and the property restored to the owner, if he is present, or to the American Consul, or to any authorized agent.

ARTICLE VIII.

Vessels belonging to the subjects of the Sultan which may resort to any port in the United States shall pay no other or higher rate of duties or other charges than the nation the most favoured shall pay.

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