vessels of Rayahs. The Minister, Consuls, and Vice-Consuls of the United States, shall not protect, secretly or publicly, the Rayahs of the Sublime Porte, and they shall never suffer a departure from the principles here laid down, and agreed to by mutual consent.

ARTICLE VI.

Vessels of war of the two contracting parties, shall observe towards each other, demonstrations of friendship and good intelligence, according to naval usage; and towards merchant vessels they shall exhibit the same kind and courteous manner.

ARTICLE VII.

Merchant vessels of the United States, in like manner as vessels of the most favored nations, shall have liberty to pass the canal of the Imperial Residence, and go and come in the Black sea, either laden or in ballast; and they may be laden with the produce, manufactures and effects of the Ottoman Empire, excepting such as are prohibited, as well as of their own country.

ARTICLE VIII.

Merchant vessels of the two Contracting Parties shall not be forcibly taken, for the shipment of troops, munitions and other objects of war, if the Captains or Proprietors of the vessels, shall be unwilling to freight them.

ARTICLE IX.

If any merchant vessel of either of the contracting parties should be wrecked, assistance and protection shall be afforded to those of the crew that may be saved; and the merchandise and effects, which it may be possible to save and recover, shall be conveyed to the Consul nearest to the place of the wreck, to be, by him, delivered to the Proprietors.

CONCLUSION.

The foregoing articles, agreed upon and concluded, between the Riasset (Chancery of State) and the above-mentioned Commissioner of the United States, when signed by the other two Commissioners, shall be exchanged. In ten months, from the date of this temessuck, or instrument of Treaty, the exchange of the ratifications of the two Powers shall be made, and the articles of this Treaty shall have full force and be strictly observed, by the two Contracting Powers.

Given the 14th day of the moon Zilcaade, and in the year of the Hegira, 1245, corresponding with the 7th day of May of the year 1830 of the Christian Era.

(signed)

MOHAMMED HAMED,
Reis-ul-Kutab
(Reis Effendi.)

1862.

TREATY OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION.

Concluded February 25, 1862; ratification advised by the Senate April 9, 1862; ratified by the President April 18, 1862; ratifications exchanged June 5, 1862; proclaimed July 2, 1862. (Treaties and

Conventions, 1889, p. 800.)

This treaty of twenty-three articles is contended to have been abrogated upon notice given by the Turkish Government, to date from June 5, 1884.

Federal case: Dainese v. Hale, 91 U. S. 13; 1 McArthur (D. C.), 86.

1874.

EXTRADITION TREATY.

Concluded August 11, 1874; ratification advised by the Senate January 20, 1875; ratified by the President January 22, 1875; ratifications exchanged April 22, 1875; proclaimed May 26, 1875. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 821.)

I. Surrender of accused.

II. Extraditable crimes.

III. Political offenses.

IV. Persons under arrest.

ARTICLES.

V. Procedure.

VI. Expenses.

VII. Nondelivery of citizens.
VIII. Duration; ratification.

The United States of America and His Imperial Majesty the Sultan, having judged it expedient, with a view to the better administration of justice and to the prevention of crimes within their respective territories and jurisdiction, that persons convicted of or charged with the crimes hereinafter specified, and being fugitives from justice, should, under certain circumstances, be reciprocally delivered up, have resolved to conclude a convention for that purpose, and have appointed as their plenipotentiaries:

the President of the United States Geo: H. Boker, Minister Resident of the United States of America near the Sublime Porte;

and His Imperial Majesty the Sultan, His Excellency A. Aarifi Pasha, his Minister for Foreign Affairs;

who, after reciprocal communication of their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following articles, to wit:

ART. I.

The Government of the United States and the Ottoman Government mutually agree to deliver up persons who, having been convicted of or charged with the crimes specified in the following article, committed within the jurisdiction of one of the contracting parties, shall seek an asylum or be found within the territories of the other: Provided, That this shall only be done upon such evidence of criminality as, according to the laws of the place where the fugitive or person so charged shall be found, would justify his or her apprehension and commitment for trial, if the crime had been there committed.

ART. II.

Persons shall be delivered up who shall have been convicted of, or be charged, according to the provisions of this convention, with any of the following crimes:

1° Murder, comprehending the crimes designated by the terms of parricide, assassination, poisoning, and infanticide.

2o The attempt to commit murder.

3o The crimes of rape, arson, piracy and mutiny on board a ship, whenever the crew, or part thereof, by fraud or violence against the commander, have taken possession of the vessel.

4o The crime of burglary, defined to be the action of breaking and entering by night into the house of another with the intent to commit felony; and the crime of robbery, defined to be the action of feloniously and forcibly taking from the person of another goods or money, by violence or putting him in fear.

5o The crime of forgery, by which is understood the utterance of forged papers, the counterfeiting of public, sovereign, or government acts.

6o The fabrication or circulation of counterfeit money, either coin or paper, of public bonds, bank-notes, and obligations and in general of all things, being titles and instruments of credit, the counterfeiting of seals, dies, stamps, and marks of state and public administrations and the utterance thereof.

7° The embezzlement of public moneys committed within the jurisdiction of either party, by public officers or depositors.

8° Embezzlement by any person or persons hired or salaried, to the detriment of their employers, when these crimes are subject to infamous punishment.

ART. III.

The provisions of this treaty shall not apply to any crime or offence of a political character, and the person or persons delivered up for the crimes enumerated in the preceding article shall in no case be tried for any ordinary crime, committed previously to that for which his or their surrender is asked.

ART IV.

If the person whose surrender may be claimed, pursuant to the stipulations of the present treaty, shall have been arrested for the commission of offenses in the country where he has sought an asylum, or shall have been convicted thereof, his extradition may be deferred until he shall have been acquitted, or have served the term of imprisonment to which he may have been sentenced.

ART. V.

Requisitions for the surrender of fugitives from justice shall be made by the respective diplomatic agents of the contracting parties, or in the event of the absence of these from the country, or its seat of government, they may be made by superior consular officers. If the person whose extradition may be asked for shall have been convicted of a crime, a copy of the sentence of the court in which he may have been convicted, authenticated under its seal, and an attestation of the official character of the judge by the proper executive authority,

and of the latter by the Minister or consul of the United States or of the Sublime Porte, respectively, shall accompany the requisition. When, however, the fugitive shall have been merely charged with crime, a duly authenticated copy of the warrant for his arrest in the country where the crime may have been committed, or1 of the depositions upon which such warrant may have been issued, must accompany the requisition as aforesaid. The President of the United States or the proper executive authority in Turkey may then issue a warrant for the apprehension of the fugitive, in order that he may be brought before the proper judicial authority for examination. If it should then be decided that, according to law and the evidence, the extradition is due pursuant to the treaty, the fugitive may be given up according to the forms prescribed in such cases.

ART. VI.

The expenses of the arrest, detention, and transportation of the persons claimed shall be paid by the government in whose name the requisition has been made.

ART. VII.

Neither of the contracting parties shall be bound to deliver up its own citizens under the stipulations of this treaty.

ART. VIII.

This convention shall continue in force during five (5) years from the day of exchange of ratification, but if neither party shall have given to the other six (6) months' previous notice of its intention to terminate the same, the convention shall remain in force five years longer, and so on.

The present convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications exchanged at Constantinople, within twelve (12) months, and sooner, if possible.

In witness whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the present convention in duplicate, and have thereunto affixed their seals.

Done at Constantinople the eleventh day of August one thousand eight hundred and seventy four.

GEO: H. BOKER. [SEAL.]

A. AARIFI.
[SEAL.]

RIGHT TO HOLD REAL ESTATE IN TURKEY.?

Protocol proclaimed by the President of the United States October 29, 1874.

The United States of America and His Majesty the Sultan being desirous to establish by a special act the agreement entered upon between them regarding the admission of American citizens to the right of holding real estate, granted to for

In the French text the word et (and) follows the word commis (committed). 2 This protocol, the original of which is in the French language, is printed in this compilation as it states in detail the rights of citizens of the United States in respect to real estate in the Turkish dominions.

eigners by the law promulgated on the 7th of Sepher 1284, (January 18, 1867) have authorized:

The President of the United States of America George H. Boker, Minister Resident of the United States of America near the Sublime Porte, and

His Imperial Majesty the Sultan His Excellency A. Aarifi Pasha, His Minister of Foreign Affairs, to sign the Protocol which follows:

PROTOCOL.

The law granting foreigners the right of holding real estate does not interfere with the immunities specified by the treaties, and which will continue to protect the person and the movable property of foreigners who may become owners of real estate.

As the exercise of this right of possessing real property may induce foreigners to establish themselves in larger numbers in the Ottoman Empire, the Imperial Government thinks it proper to anticipate and to prevent the difficulties to which the application of this law may give rise in certain localities. Such is the object of the arrangements which follow.

The domicile of any person residing upon the Ottoman soil being inviolable, and as no one can enter it without the consent of the owner, except by virtue of orders emanating from competent authority and with the assistance of the magistrate or functionary invested with the necessary powers, the residence of foreigners is inviolable on the same principle, in conformity with the treaties, and the agents of the public force cannot enter it without the assistance of the Consul or of the delegate of the Consul of the Power on which the Foreigner depends.

By residence we understand the house of inhabitation and its dependencies: that is to say, the out houses, courts, gardens and neighboring enclosures, to the exclusion of all other parts of the property.

In the localities distant by less than nine hours journey from the consular residence, the agents of the public force cannot enter the residence of a foreigner without the assistance of a Consul, as was before said.

On his part the Consul is bound to give his immediate assistance to the local authority, so as not to let six hours elapse between the moment which he may be informed and the moment of his departure, or the departure of his delegate, so that the action of the authorities may never be suspended more than twenty four hours.

In the localities distant by nine hours or more than nine hours of travel from the residence of the Consular agent, the agents of the public force may on the request of the local authority and with the assistance of three members of the Council of the Elders of the Commune, enter into the residence of a foreigner, without being assisted by the Consular Agent, but only in case of urgency, and for the search and the proof of the crime of murder, of attempt at murder; of incendiarism, of armed robbery either with infraction or by night in an inhabited house, of armed rebellion and of the fabrication of counterfeit money, and this entry may be made whether the crime was committed by a foreigner or by an Ottoman subject, and whether it took place in the residence of a foreigner or not in his residence, or in any other place.

These regulations are not applicable but to the parts of the real estate which constitute the residence, as it has been heretofore defined.

Beyond the residence, the action of the police shall be exercised freely and without reserve; but in case a person charged with crime or offence, should be arrested, and the accused shall be a foreigner, the immunities attached to his person shall be observed in respect to him.

The functionary or the officer charged with the accomplishment of a domiciliary visit, in the exceptional circumstances determined before, and the members of the Council of Elders who shall assist him, will be obliged to make out a procés-verbal of the domiciliary visit, and to communicate it immediately to the superior authority under whose jurisdiction they are, and the latter shall transmit it to the nearest Consular agent without delay.

A special regulation will be promulgated by the Sublime Porte, to determine the mode of action of the local police in the several cases provided heretofore. In localities more distant than nine hours' travel from the residence of the Consular agent, in which the law of the judicial organization of the Velayet may be in force, foreigners shall be tried, without the assistance of the Consular delegate by the Council of Elders fulfilling the function of justices of the peace, and by the tribunal of the canton, as well for actions not exceeding one thousand piastres as for offences entailing a fine of five hundred piastres only at the maximum. Foreigners shall have, in any case, the right of appeal to the tribunal of the