Dakotas to-day, for instance, infinitely better, from even a Christian sense, than when they were the hunting ground of the murderous Sioux? There are the peaceable homes where womanhood is respected and childhood taught to love its Maker, in the place of the tepees inhabited by lazy men, slave women and neglected children. It is nonsense to say the Indian has been wronged and persecuted and cheated out of his land. This Government has done far more for the Indian than it has done for the white man. It has made tremendous efforts to educate him, but he was too lazy to learn. It has clothed and fed him and his children. When has it done that for the white man or his child?

The land was not his; he did not make it, neither did he improve it. God made it for all mankind, and it of right belongs to the man, white, red or black, who uses it for his own welfare and that of humanity.

There never has been a time in the history of the country that the Government would not have given the Indians farms, houses, homes, civil and political rights. What have they ever done to acquire them? They have refused to work, refused to be educated, refused to improve, and by the eternal mandate, by the law of the survival of the fittest, they are rapidly passing

away.

So far as the relative cruelty of the two races is concerned, the Indian has killed more whites than the whites have Indians. We are in the habit of accusing the Spaniards of cruelty, but let us be honest: Where the Anglo-Saxon settled the Indian has disappeared; where the Spaniards settled he or his halfbreed descendants still occupy the land. Judged by results, are the nations which have Indian rulers, in the nations in which he is not even a citizen, the most cruel in their treatment of him. He has survived in Spanish countries because the

Latin race is less strenuous, less active, and consequently less anxious. to utilize the opportunities offered. That is why these nations are passing away as great powers, and the more active Teutonic, Anglo-Saxon races are taking their places. It is with the white a case of the survival of the fittest, of living by the sweat of your brow. That is why the English language, which was spoken by 12.7 per cent of the white race a hundred years ago is spoken by 30 per cent to-day; that is why those who speak French are only 12.7 per cent to-day, while at the time of the Louisiana purchase they numbered 19.4 per cent of the white race; that is why Spanish has fallen from 16.2 per cent in 1801 to 10 per cent in 1901; why Portuguese has fallen from 4.7 per cent to 3.2 per cent, and Italian from 9.3 per cent to 8.3 per cent; while German has held its own and English has increased 250 per

cent. It is the survival of the fittest, the workers, of those who live. by the sweat of their brow.

If we accept the great, broad idea that the world was intended by its nature for all mankind, not for a few thousand or a few million people, many international problems take on a different aspect. Thus, for instance, if, as some say, the Filipino will not work, will not utilize the resources of the country that God has given him, is it right that all the rest of humanity is to suffer by his selfishness and laziness? No! Let him stand aside, that all may benefit by the natural resources of his country. Should the millions of Europe be forced to live in squalor and misery because the African savage or American Indian prefers hunting and slave trading to farming and commerce? Even Hoar would hardly claim that. Let him work if he wants to live, and let the plains and valleys of Africa and South America be settled by thousands of industrious, peaceful Christians, instead of by a few hundred

nomads intent on destroying their

own race.

en

If the sentimentalists who always arise when a great international question arises were allowed to have their way, the white race would be cooped up in a corner of the world; progress would be stopped; murder, slavery and barbarism would rule over the major part of the earth's surface. If Aguinaldo is the equal, for instance, of Washington, then the centuries of struggle for liberty, freedom and lightenment were wasted, and race which never knew liberty since humanity began, is the equal in its adaptability for freedom with race that struggled for it before the Christian era; who fought to maintain it against the Caesars, and who have labored to extend it ever since! Such a proposition is a self-evident absurdity, and it is extraordinary that any sensible, educated man should ever have conceived it.

a

a

The same principle applies to the Panama Canal affair. Without discussing what the Government did or did not do to aid the revolutionists, it is clear that the canal is of world-wide importance, and no nation, no people, should be allowed. for a moment to stand in the way of a project which makes so much toward the advancement of humanity and civilization. In smaller matters we recognize "the Right of Eminent Domain." We recognize that if the cranky land-owner will not sell his land, a great continental railroad of international importance to thousands should not be stopped thereby from building its line, and we grant the railroad the right to condemn a right of way through the land of the obstructionist. Why not apply that principle to international matters? Why not allow nations to, condemn rights of way when there is evident justice in their

demands? Let us go before The Hague tribunal if needs be, and by the Right of Eminent Domain, not of a state or a nation, but of all mankind, and in the name of humanity, let us go ahead.

I do not advocate the killing of the individual, nor the seizing of property, private, public, State, or national, without due compensation, but I believe in giving to the Indian, negro or Australian aborigines the opportunity to labor and the saying to them you must obey God's law, the law of nature; you must work or starve. I believe in saying to nations, as we do to individuals, you must not stand in the way of progress, and the greatest good to the greatest number.

The brown man has practically gone because he would not work, and made no progress in civilization; the red man is gone for the same reasons; the African in Africa is following suit, and if the yellow man is equally opposed to progress and civilization he will have to go. The negro in America is maintaining his position because he has accepted the unavoidable decree, and labors. The Japanese has succeeded because he has accepted civilization. Those races which will not join the ranks of the fittest will go, and should go, that their places may be taken by the industrious, active and civilized. When, as some day there will be, there is only one race, then we shall have one language, one Government, one people. Those who endeavor to oppose this ultimate end are but striving to dam up the river with their hands. They are flying in the face of the Almighty decree, "Thou shalt decree, "Thou shalt live by the sweat of thy brow." The fittest alone shall survive; and, as is fitting, the enemies of progress and their efforts are to be futile and their memory forgotten.

Excerpts from the address delivered by Mr. Frank M. Damon on the dedication of El Campanil and its Chime of Bells.

(It is to be regretted that lack of space does not allow the reproduction in full of Mr. Damon's remarkable essay.-Editorial Note.)

T

O tell the story of the Bells would be to tell the story of the Race. After the human voice no sound has greater power to stir the heart and arouse its deepest emotions than the musical note of the bell. Indeed, it has been said, "So great is the power of bells to create emotion, that we doubt whether even the voice of a mother would so immediately subdue to tenderness the worst criminal in Norfolk Island as the sudden sound of the peal of his native village bell. Not remonstrative in its tone, to stir the pride-not complaining, to wound anew the harassed spirit-but by its very unaltered sweetness and irresistible revocations, utterly overpowering to his guilt-laden heart." Napoleon, amid the grandeur and glory and almost more than imperial triumph, would pause to listen at times to the sound of the village bell of Brienne, which brought back to him the memories of earlier and care-free years. All history in its grandest and most heroic moods, as well as in its periods of peace and calm, is melodious with vibrant harmonies of this aerial music. Out of the dim Out of the dim and misty morning of primitive record comes to us the bell-like "rhythmic ring" of the hammer of Tubal-Cain, "artificer in brass and iron," on the earliest anvils. Legends tell us that Jubal, "sire of harmony" and "Father of all such as handle the harp and organ," moved moved by the "power in metal shape which made

strange bliss," caught thus "the first suggestion of his art" and sang to men the "wonder which his soul had found."

"He 'watched the hammer, till his

eyes.

No longer following its fall or rise. Seemed glad with something they could not see

But only listened to; some melody Wherein dumb longings inward speech had found,

Won from the common store oi sound.'"

Whether rightly or wrongly, we here discover the genesis of the Bell. We know that man in earliest days listened and marched ever onward to the music of the Bells, rudely fashioned in that primal time, growing with the years into instruments fitted to voice "full throated" and majestic harmonies. It is a far leap from the dull jangle of the rude bell of the Pueblo Indian, "made out of the horn of a Rocky Mountain. sheep, the clapper consisting of a small stone fastened to the end of a strip of rawhide," to the glorious. music wafted from some old-world cathedral tower. But one principle underlies them both: to the man in Arizona, as to his distant brother in Flanders, is dear, he knows not why, the "winged fugue of echoes vanishing."

Through the classic pages of

Greek and Roman literature echoes the melody of the bells. But to Christianity we owe the full and final coronation of the Bell. Hushed through those early years of persecution when the followers of the Nazarene, with muffled step and whispered message told of the place of prayer and praise, it slowly emerged into full acceptance as the "herald of the church." Paulinus, Bishop of Nola, in the year 400 A.

D., is sometimes credited with having introduced the use of the bell. It is more probable, however, that this honorable distinction belongs to Pope Sabianus, who entered upon his Pontificate in 604 A. D. Here

and there come to us notices of the use of bells in those early centuries. Hence, as an authority on this subject has said, "For fully a thousand years we may feel certain that Christendom and England, as a part of it, has heard the far-reaching tone of the bells ring out, now gladly, now sadly, across the broad acres of field and woodland, and over the busy hum of the bustling town. And in all that time there has been scarce an event of interest in the life of nations or of districts, not many, even, in the lives of private individuals, in which the tones of the bells have not mingled with the emotions that were aroused thereby."

To-day we feel an interest not only in the bells, but in the home that they here have found, the building which enshrines them. Classic architecture had no suggestion of such hiding places for this sonorous orchestra. From the rude frame, reared in the open, on which the bells were swung, the play of wind and weather, to the exquisite, soaring beauty of the finished Campanile, is an evolution which advanced with the spirit of Christian art. The tower connected with the main edifice, now enclosing the bells, was formerly only a "lantern" used tor lighting the church below. In Italy we find the most perfect examples of the Campanile or detached bell tower, as at Ravena, Padua, Bologna, Sienna, and Pisa. The tallest is that of Cremona, nearly four hundred feet high. All the civilized world suffered in the fall, in very recent times, of the splendid Campanile of St. Mark's, in Venice.

In Spain, the traveler views with delight the lofty upward flight of the "Giralda," the work of "Guever the Moor" at Seville. But most famous

The bells proclaim a creed of Universal Brotherhood. They lead the chorus of a grand Democracy. On rich and poor, on learned and unlettered, on man and woman, falls alike the sweetness of their measured cadence. Whether it issue from Oriental pagoda or from Gothic spire or the white tower of the New England meeting house, it tells us of one All-Father, and bids us heed the precept of the golden rule. It tells that in proportion to our gifts and opportunities should be our efforts. in behalf of others. Noblesse oblige. Take and impart the Light. We find our lives in losing them.

An Oriental legend tells us that a maker of bells had brought, with skill and cunning knowledge, his

materials together for a bell which should ring with surpassing beauty. That, however, it should possess a tone that should be of the requisite purity it was necessary that with these should be fused a human life. Filled with love and filial devotion, the artist's daughter leaps into the boiling cauldron, and thus is secured the note which no other blend could have produced. That a new note of sweetness may sound in the great Bell of Humanity, who among us will give her life?

These bells, themselves a noble gift, evermore shall speak to those in the great world without of the splendid possibilities which here await their help and beneficence. This tower, reared by the genius of a woman's brain, instinct with her creative spirit, as an inspiration to other women to all high and lofty achievement, shall not only tell of the generosity of those whose gift has made it possible, but shall call to others to join, with righteous zeal to open new vistas of opportunity before the student band here gathered and those who shall follow. the splendid foundation here laid with noblest self-sacrifice and wholehearted devotion should grow a great and commanding Woman's College, whose influence should permeate all this far Western land, touched with blessing the islands in the embrace of the great ocean and find a welcome in those vast lands on its farther verge. To-day is the day of grandest opportunity.

On

From this vantage ground in this Golden Land these chimes ring out a greeting to all schools where woman finds an inspiration to the highest life and thought. Across the wide stretch of mountain and prairie they will blend their notes with those of the bells in the tower of the great University by the Lakes, soon to be hung in memory of one of the noblest leaders of woman's aspirations in these later days. Floating onward from this Belfredus, this