"Did you think you loved me?" she asked.

"I thought so," he answered weakly.

"There is the keynote," she said, "I controlled your thought!"

He tried to exert his own will, but in vain.

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"Do you believe in my science. now?" she asked. "Do you see that so-called love is merely emotion that a person may excite or subdue at will? Do you realize that you are my slave if I SO will it?" She laughed and told him to go.

He was dazed-but he left her a firm believer in hypnotism or whatever it was that gave her her power over him. Once in the open air he tried to recover himself, but failed. Shortly afterwards he learned that even in absence her power was strong enough to draw him back to her. He fought against it with all his force, but in vain. It was not exactly love he felt, but overwhelming desire to do her will. In his saner moments he realized that he was growing into a nonentity-a mere puppet in her hands. He strove then with all the strength of his manhood to stay away, but without avail. His business went to rack and ruin for want of attention, and the intense mental strain caused his health to fail.

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vised him to get as far away from the woman as possible; hence his desire to join the Survey.

to

The story was a revelation Kent. He expressed his opinion of the woman in rather strong terms. I dare say it was the only occasion upon which Kent had ever made a harsh remark about any woman. However, he did not have a blind faith in the story; he agreed with the physician that Cassic's nervous system needed building up, and decided to watch him.

Cassic affirmed that the influence still came over him at intervals, and pleaded with Kent to confine him if he ever showed any intention of returning. Kent promised, and then asked for a description of the woman. Cassic gave it in glowing terms. She was dark, he said, and superbly beautiful. Her eyes he thought her chief charm, great wide things, yellow and brown, and in them lay her power. As he spoke, he drew her picture from his pocket and handed it to Kent. Kent took it and looked intently at the most beautiful face he had ever seen, and as he looked, the face seemed fairly alive. He felt dazed-the ground was slipping from him-his head swam, and he sank back in a swoon. When he came paper lay in his hand. scribbled:

to,

a scrap of

On it was

"Why did I keep the picture? The ordeal has proven too much for me. I am compelled to return. You see the influence which the mere sight of the picture has had over you! I am out of funds, and have borrowed your wallet. I will return- "Here the note rambled.

Kent's wallet contained all the money with which he intended to pay off the men. It has never been returned.

Query: Has Cassic suffered a lapse of memory, or was he a villain?

"Without knowing the force of words, it is impossible to know men."-Shakespeare.

G

EOGRAPHICAL names form a record of human fortunes, for men are fond of stamping on the face of the earth a trace of their habitation and their history. Names are the coins that bear the mark of all transactions in history, whether for business or pleasure, and one does not dig long in the fertile soil of etymology before realizing the fundamental truth set forth by Horne Tooke that "in language there is nothing arbitrary." A name may conceal within its bosom a geological fact, an economical issue, a story of valor, tragedy or humor. To discover its secret is to be instructed, to be

amused, or to be awakened to praise or sympathy. There are names that are rich in poetry and fervid in passion. Geology reveals through the fossils a history of life following life in significant succession; so the names of places reveal to the practiced eye a succession of races in regions where there is no other trace of their existence.

The study of the origin and meaning of words may be made an aid in historical and geographical instruction in schools of all grades. Geography is a subject full of interest, especially to the young, provided it is taught in a way to fire the imagination by vivid pictures, and one of the best ways to awaken imagination and to stimulate in

quiry is frequent reference to the history of names. The boy studies his English history and repeats glibly and parrot-like the names Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex and Wessex with only a desire to get through as quickly as possible and get a good mark, but when he learns that these words mean North People, South People, East People and West People, his curiosity aroused and his interest stimulated. Calimex and Mexical are only stumbling blocks until one hears of the town divided along its main street" by the boundary line between the two great States, California and Mexico, and that names were coined to show that fact.

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The study of the origin of names is full of difficulties in foreign countries, where the cities and towns are centuries old, and where the native language is composed of the remains of half a dozen other languages that only the learned understand; but here in California the task is easier, for men are still living who were here when the State awoke to American life and its localities were christened with English names. Men are still here who made names in the days of "'49," the days when the New England Yankee elbowed the "Sydney Duck," and the Chinaman and negro stood cheek by jowl with the digger Indian.

The days of 1849 were "an exclamation point in the history of civilization, a dash in the annals of time," and the very names show that human nature cuts queer capers when

turned loose into an unfenced field. That year was the boyish year of impromptu camp organizations; but three years later is a manly year of self-consciousness, lost illusions, bitter struggles, and the assertion of innate dignity, for the very names created then show the change in the men. In 1849 nicknames were the order of the day, often given for the birthplace of the "tenderfoot." If he came from Missouri it was Old Pike, Big Pike, or Little Pike; if from Texas it was Texas Jack or Texas Jim: if from Scotland, it was Sandy or Scotty. So we have Old Kentuck, Old Arkansaw, Big Yank, Little Yank, French Flat Pete, Sandy Hill Mike, Poverty Point Jim, and Sidney Ducks Bar.

Back of the days of gold are the golden days of the Missions, when names were given that are as perfectly adapted to the land of sunshine and flowers as the Mission architecture is to the landscape, and California is beginning to awaken. rapidly to the utility of beauty to the fact that the names and forms of things may have the symmetry of rythm and music, and prove as attractive as fruit and flowers drawing the better class of immigrants.

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In the early days there were four forces at work creating names-the military, civil, religious and agricultural. The Missions came and started a new life; then the Presidio -garrison-to protect the church; these established, a town (pueblo) soon came into existence, and from that the people spread out over the land and began raising cattle and grain, and great farms (ranchos) sprang into existence. From these four sources have sprung a host of names, from the Golden Gate south, that are sometimes an important adjunct to the written records, for they give clues to facts and movements of which written history pre

serves no trace.

There is also a law of succession

in names that is worthy of note: Ist-The original inhabitants generally gave their names to the great objects of natural scenery, such as mountains and rivers; and we have Yosemite Park, the Tuolumne, Consumnes, and Stanislaus rivers as illustrations.

2d-The names of places in the most open and accessible districts are older than similar names in parts difficult of access; a San Diego in the mountains would be more recent than one on the coast.

3d-The places most open were most subject to invasion and the impress of the conquerors; as Marin County was once a part of New Albion, or English territory; Sonoma was once Russian, and there is a fringe of names along the north end of the State, like Siskiyou, that speak of the times when the hardy Frenchmen of the Hudson Bay Fur Company roamed around Shasta Peak. All over the country, too, there are local colors here and there of some otherwise forgotten Indian tribe.

INFLUENCE OF THE CHURCH "A chaque saint sa chandelle." ("To each Saint his candle.")-Proverb.

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I. Civilization in California gan with the arrival of the PadresFathers. During the years when the settlers along the Atlantic Coast were falling "first upon their knees and then upon the aborigines," the first arrivals on the Pacific were busy building Missions, gathering in the Indians, and teaching them the trades and handicrafts of the white man. In this way the Missions were the first schools of technology established in America. As the first duty of the Fathers was with the souls of the benighted aborigines, they began to wipe off the map every trace of barbarism, and left in their place a most saintly array

of names

SAN. SANTA. One can trace their footsteps in the "San" and "Santas" they left along their trails, over desert, mountain, valley and plain. SAN is the masculine and SANTA is the feminine for "Saint" or "Holy."

name

SAN ANDREAS (or St. Andrew). The of the county seat of Calaveras County. One of the Apostles whose name originally meant "strong" or "manly," and who is also known as SAN ANDRES.

SAN ANSELMO. Means Saint Anselm, which means in the Hebrew "Protection of God"; while SAN PASQUAL means the "Holy Passover"; and RANCHITA LE SANTA FE is the "Little Ranch of Holy Faith."

SAN ANTONIO. Saint Anthony, whose name means "priceless" or "praiseworthy," was a favorite with the padres and his name appears on mountain, town, valley and ranch. Six miles from Jolon, in oliterey County, is the SAN ANTONIO MISSION, dedicated on July 14, 1771, to SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA-Saint Anthony of Padua in the glen of the CANADA DE LOS ROBLES-Valley of the OAKS-by Padres Serra and Sitjar.

The noble peak that overshadows the SAN GORGONIO-Saint Gorgonia-pass, east of Redlands, also bears the name of Saint Anthony. One worthy DON-aristocrat-seems not to have been content with this saint alone as a protection for his cattle range, for he named his RANCHOranch-TODOS SANTOS Y SAN ANTONIO, or "All Saints and St. Anthony."

ARGUELO. Is a name not down on the church list of saints, and is an illustration of the ease with which one may be "canonized" in this golden land, where everything is easy. This town in Santa Barbara County was named for Dona Concepcion Arguello, the daughter of Don Jose Arguello, who who was the Governor of Spanish California in the years 1814 and 1815, but the name appears more than once in print as "San Arguello" or Arguillo. California is proud of the young lady's father, and he was no doubt proud of her angelic qualities, but that is a family matter rather than a church matter.

has

SAN AUGUSTIN. Saint Augustus been remembered among the palms and palmettoes of the Pacific, as well as among those of Florida.

SAN BARTOLO. Mexican colloqual for the Spanish BARTOLOME, or Saint Bartholomew, whose name in the original ebrew means "A war-like son," an appropriate name to guard a mountain pass in Los Angeles County.

SAN BENITO. SAN BENEDICTO. The Spanish race did not believe in single blessedness, and love the name of SAN BENITO, or SAN BENEDICTO-Saint Benedict -the "blessed." Crespi in his expedition

of 1772 named the river for him, and from that comes SAN BENITO COUNTY, which was organized in 1874; and has an area of 1,476 square miles. Its county seat is Hollister. The feminine of this saint's title is BENITA, a the title given to nuns, "blessed ones."

SAN

BERNABE. Incorrectly

or

printed

sometimes as San Barnaba, is Saint Barnaby, who was known to the Hebrews as the "Son of Consolation."

SAN BERNARDINO. There is a grand, that snow-capped mountain towers high above the rest of the range, and guards the orange lands of the Italy of America from the hot blasts of the desert, and at the same time collects and stores the mists of the ocean to water fruit and flowers, BERNARthat is well named SAN DINO. The name is that of Saint Bernard, which means "Bold as a Bear," and boldly and bravely the mountain guards the treasures at its feet. San Bernardino County was organized in, and has an area of 20,055 square miles, an area larger than some monarchies. The county seat bears the same name, and both are from the old Spanish Catholic Mission which was erected in 1822, five miles from the present city of SAN BERNARDINO. This church was a branch mission, where priests from San Gabriel and San Juan Capistrano missions used to come and preach. It was destroyed by the Indians in 1834 and never rebuilt.

SAN BERNARDO. SAN BERNARDS. This saint is also called BERNARDO, a term, however, more commonly given to a monk of the order of Saint Bernard, whose ascetic life, solitary studies, and stirring eloquence, made him the oracle of Christendom, and the head of his order of monks. The name is one that is often misspelled, and in one place the irrepressible immigrant has given one the name of SAN BERNARDS, a mixture of Spanish and English.

SAN BRUNO. It is not known that Smith and Jones have any saints among their numerous families, but the "Browns" may rejoice, for there is a SAN BRUNOSaint Brown-in at least two of the counties.

SAN BUENAVENTURA. Good luck is something every one hopes for, and some appreciate. On March 30, 1783, padres Junipero Serra and Cambon dedicated the Mission at Ventura to SAN BUENAVENTURA DOCTOR SARAFICO, Saint Bonaventure serafic Doctor, the name under which Giovanni de Fidanza of Tuscany was canonized. "Buena" means "good" and "ventura," "luck." This name of the Mission has been shortened by a soulless post office department, and the push of the twentieth century, to VENTURA, the name borne by the county, the county seat, and several other towns. VENTURA COUNTY was organized in 1872, and has an area of 1,850 square miles.

SAN CARLOS. Spanish for Saint Charles, whose name meant originally "strong" or "noble spirited." On June 3, 1770, Father Serra established the Mission at Monterey, calling it SAN CARLOS BORROMEO DEL CARMELO DE MONTEREY-Saint Charles of Borromeo, at Carmel of Monterey-the canonized name of the son of Count Arona and nephew of Pius IV.

On June 8, 1771, the Mission was removed to the present site, five miles from Monterey, and it is now called SAN CARLOS DE CARMELLO, or "Saint Charles at Carmelo." One of the old Spanish land grants or ranchos bears the name SAN CARLOS DE JONATA.

SAN CLEMENTE. One of the beautiful islands off the Southern coast, a town in the north and a river, bear the name of SAN CLEMENT, or Saint Clement, the "mild tempered one."

SANTI

SAN DIEGO. SAN DIEGUITO. AGO. The name that is most inseparably fixed to the history of the State is that of SAN DIEGO-Saint James-the place where civilization started in California. Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo was the first to sail into the beautiful harbor on September 28, 1542, and he called the place SAN MIGUEL-St. Michael. Sixty-one years later, the fleet of Vizcaino anchored in the bay and the "OLD TOWN" of San Diego was named for the flagship of the expedition, as well as for the day, November 12, 1603, which was the day of San Diego de Alcala-Saint James of Alcala-the discovery of Cabrillo being ignored, as was the custom of explorers in those days, a custom still followed by a few. Vizcaino left his mark at another point on the shore, where he secured ballast for his ship, a point still known as PUNTA GUIJARROS, or "cobble stone point," illustrating the fact that even the most trivial names will often stick for centuries. On July 16, 1769, that Nestor of all the padres, Father Junipero Serrabegan his work of establishing a chain of missions that was to stretch for over half a thousand miles along the CAMINO REAL -King's Highway. The good Father's name. Serra, literally means "saw," and it is appropriate, for his work was keen, clear-cut and decisive. A good "saw" is necessary in beginning the building of a new settlement. His first name, Junipero, comes from the following legend: "Juniperus arbor crescens in desertis, cujus umbrum serpentis fuguint, et ideo in umbra a jus homines secure dormiunt," "The Juniper is a tree that grows in the desert, the shade of which is shunned by the serpents, but under which men sleep in safety." Evil fled before the kindly father, and in the shade of his arms the children of the soil slept in safety. The first mission was dedicated to SAN DIEGO DE ALCALA-Saint James of Alcala, and was located near the shore, but was moved inland six miles in 1774. Both county and

city derive their name from the Bay and the mission. SAN DIEGO COUNTY was organized in 1850, and has an area of 8,400 square miles. The present city, some distance from OLD TOWN, was founded in 1867 by A. E. Horton. Saint James has a number of colloquial names, all of which have been utilized on mountain, stream and town. He is known as SANTIAGO, IAGO, JACOBO and JAGO; also as DIEGUITO and JAIME, as we would say nowadays Jim or Jimmy. Originally, his name comes from the Hebrew and means the same Jacob-"The Supplanter"-a fitting name to mark the hour when the native races were to be robbed of their heritage and supplanteu forever. The LLOMAS DE SANTIAGO is the name of a rancho covering the "Hills of Saint James."

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SAN DIMAS. Saint Demas, appears as the name of only one locality in the State. SAN DOMINGO. Was named for Saint Dominic; but the town of DOMINGUEZ was named for Father Dominguez, one of the early explorers.

ELISEO. Is the name of a town in Ventura County that has fortunately escaped the prefix "San," for it is the name of Elisha, meaning in Hebrew "God my salvation."

SAN FELIPE. Saint Philip-means literally "A lover of horses," and is a good name for a big stock ranch. it is not surprising, therefore to find ranchos bearing the name CANADA DE SAN FELIPE Y LOS ANIMAS-Saint Philip and the Souls; BALLE DE SAN FELIPE rancho-Valley of St. Philip-ranch; BOLSA DE SAN FELIPE-Pocket of Saint Philip-a cosy nook in the mountains that would be called a "Cove" in the Carolinas; and AUSAYMAS Y SAN FELIPE rancho, the name of the owner being linked with that of the Saint.

SAN FERNANDO. Kings are not generally regarded as Saints, but Ferdinand III, King of Spain, is an exception, as he is known to the Catholic world as SAN FERNANDO-"brave" or "fearless." Padres Lausen and Dumetz established the Mission which bears the royal name on September 8, 1797, in Los Angeles County, dedicating it SAN FERNANDO REY DE ESPANASaint Ferdinand, King of Spain. The town in which the church is located takes its name from the Mission. The valley which bears the name San Fernando, is the same that Portola called SANTA CATALINA DE LOS ENCINOS- Saint Cather ine of the live oaks.

SAN FRANCISCO. On the corner of 16th street and Dolores, in the city of SAN FRANCISCO, stands an old Mission church that is full of interest to every student of history, for it ears the name of -e man of gentle life who was the founder of the great order of Franciscan monks-St. Francis, who was born at Assisi, Italy. The full name of the Mission was SAN