equal rates, 28; full text of, see Appendix. Hanna, Senator; remarks by, 219.
Historic pledges; American pledges, for seventy-five years, 87; for equal rights to all countries and peo- ples, 87; further pledges, 219, 220.
Highways; nation may build, 85.
Holland; early colonies, 12.
Humboldt, Von; settlements by, 12; proposed canals by, 12.
Interoceanic Canal Committee; in Senate, 63; hearing tes- timony, 63, 64.
International Eminent Domain; chapter on, 195.
Inventory of French property purchased by U. S., 211.
Jefferson, Thomas; cherished friendship for England, 123; favored equality, 183.
Johnson, Emory R.; book on canal statistics, 176.
Johnson, Willis F.; book on Panama, 11.
Khedive of Egypt, 171.
Knowland, J. R., 135.
Limon Bay, 130.
Lepinay, Godin de; for lock-canal, 30.
Lincoln, President, 89.
Lock canal plan adopted, 207.
Lodge, H. C., 6.
Lusitania, the, 218.
Miraflores dam, 129.
Modern realities, 12.
Morgan's bank; purchase money deposited in, 209.
Morgan, Senator; champion for Nicaragua, 20, 206.
Monopoly; U. S. has at Panama, 40; should protect it, 37. Morning News, Wilmington, 6, 96, 99, 196.
Monroe doctrine; and the French, 31; Jefferson, 123; full discussion of as applied to canal, 209.
McKinley, William; urges England to modify Clayton treaty, 90, 210.
Mann, Representative, 220.
New Panama Canal Co., 33. Neutrality; of canal, 41; neutralization, 4; means peace not war, 101; in business, and between belligerents, 103; generally inactive, 103; canal is active and may be neutral, 104.
Neutralization; article upon, 102; used by Clayton and Hay accurately, 103; neuter, meaning of, 103; the "touchstone," 104.
Nicaragua Canal, 15; begun, 19; franchise expired, 19. Nicaragua vs. Panama, 212.
O'Gorman, James A., 6; his leading speech, 136.
Obaldia, Minister, 214.
Oregon battleship, 208, 220.
Ownership and duty, 218.
Panama; seceded, 35, 83; Varilla, ambassador, 35; treaty with U. S., 35; world powers recognized, 36, 94; re- serves free tolls, 42; ratified treaty, 43; nation de jure, 54; zone passed to by secession, 83.
Panama Canal; French and sea-level, 31; Universal Canal Co., organization and stock, 31; purchase of canal by U. S., 32, 44, 45; new plan by French, 32; small canal, 33; American plan, 33; U. S. secures route, 34; cost of, 37; ten years advance time to build, 38; analysis of treaty, 39; rules of English treaty adopted, 42; open to traffic, 46; dreadnoughts may use, 46; time going through locks, 47; American canal with Ameri- can money, 57; for general use, 58; international, 59; not wholly domestic, 60; to destroy, world's calamity, 99; hostile ship not to use, 100; French initiative and American force made it, 11; part of the U. S., 84, 99, 103; boundaries sufficient, 85; all can use in peace not in war, 100; for legal use, 101; not neutral if our guns are hostile, 103; six reasons, 124; too soon for generosity, 125; mechanism and finance, chapter on, 127; sea-level and locks, 127; cost, 127; dimensions, 128, 131; dams, 129, 130; time passing through, 132, 133; locks, 132, 133; who owns? 215, 218; military protection, 216.
Pan-American Conference, 94.
Peace Societies; chapter on, 190; American Peace Society, Carnegie Peace Endowment and World's Peace Foun-
dation, 190; war is diabolical, 192; ban on bull-fights, prize-fights and duels, 193; war makes crime by wholesale, 193; God not always with belligerents, 194. Press, The (Philadelphia), 6.
Pennsylvania, the; first ship through canal, 46. Pettus, Senator, remarks by, 219.
Phillipe, King Louis; had canal route surveyed, aban- doned, 30.
Pledges, sacred, 87, 219, 220.
Police powers; granted in treaty, 24, 41; use armed force, 43.
Political platforms; exemption planks, 117; should have avoided subject, 118; impolitic not binding, 119. Public Ledger (Philadelphia), 6, 62, 121, 202. Personal equilibrium, not created by state, 189.
Railroads; first American, 15; Panama railroad, 15. Radicalism and conservatism, 5.
Rivers and canals not parallel cases, 60; free rivers not rule for canals, 61.
Roosevelt, Theodore; messages, 93; Hay-Pauncefote treaty, 26; mentioned, 214.
Root, Elihu, 6; leading speech in Senate, 147; President of Republican convention, 117; speeches circulated, 192.
Rio Grande river, 30.
San Juan river, 16.
"Secret strait," 9, 10.
Spain; her discoveries, 8; had visions of canal, 10.
Senate Committee; members of, 63; hearing before, 64. Stevens, John F.; chief engineer, 46, 207.
Ships; Pennsylvania first through, 46; Ancon first at formal opening, 46, 47; time in passing, 132, 133; battleship a moving fort, 101; first battleships to use canal, Wisconsin, Missouri and Ohio, 213.
Ship railway, the, 224.
Spill-way at Gatun, 130.
South Sea; the Pacific called, 129.
Spooner Law, 44, 80; purchase under, from France, 44; Colombian rights, 45; case of Wilson vs. Shaw, 81; before Congress, 205, 213.
Spooner, Senator, remarks by, 219.
Slides, 36, 46, 128, 133.
Sovereignty; an argument used, 59; chapter on, 105; may be conveyed, 105; in the people, 105; amending con- stitution changes, 106; Panama granted sovereignty to U. S., 107; grants to a subject and to a co-equal state differ, 107; man when a sovereign, 109; Blunts- chli's view, 110; origin in France, 110; may be limited, 112; Marshall's view, 114; Austin fallacy, 115; Spen- cer's theory, 115; claim of absolute caused our Civil War, 116; at North Pole state would be absolute, 116; ultimate sovereignty, 213.
Subsidy; exemption a kind of, 60.
Suez Canal; no discrimination, 92; dedicated to peace, 93; nine nations have jurisdiction over, 107; chapter on, 171; grant by Khedive to de Lesseps, 171; Maritine Canal Co., 172; stock and dividends, 172; England buys Khedive's stock, 172; size of and opening to traffic, 173; time in passing, 173; cost, 173; conces- sion for, 174; tolls, 175; Johnson's statistics, 176; A. S. White's book on Egypt, 176; text of treaty of nine nations for operation of canal, 176; military pro- tection, 216.
Taft, W. H.; as secretary visited Panama, settles dispute, 43; President, 54, 55; mentioned, 206, 214.
Ten years after, 37.
Titular sovereignty, 214.
Titanic, the, 218.
Treaty-making power; in whom vested, 37. Treaty rights; chapter on, 67.
Treaties; should be kept, 6; preamble vital part of, 29; Hay-Pauncefote, 19, 23, 27, 28; Hay-Varilla, 35, 36; new treaty with Colombia, 37; in U. S. are made in secret, 37; co-equal states, 67; with Indians, 67; the supreme law of the land, and more, 68; decision of court not binding on foreign state, 68; rights under mutual, 72, 73; contract of both parties, 73; when words are clear, 73; sovereignty under, 73; suspended
by war, 76, 100; change of circumstances, 76; a lame argument, 77; grantor and grantee, how to construe, 73, 77; how all got astray in construing treaties, 78; will not protect in war, 88; land may pass by, 84; text of Suez, 176.
Tolls; based on service not on kind of customer, 78; rates not governed by flag of the user, 78; rates on all where there is power to charge, 97; exemption de- pends on treaties, 3, 4; repeal of exemption, 48, 54, 64; repeal not party victory, it was by the body of the people, 62; text of repeal bill, 65; passage of, 66; principles do not change, 5; too soon to donate tolls, 125; Suez rates, 175; table of Panama rates, 223.
United States; northwest territory, 13; New Granada treaty, 13; French canal rights, 29, 44; securing canal route, 34; canal treaties, 15, 19, 39, 35; nation can build canal or railroad, 85; paid French for canal, 45; citizen has part of governing power, 122. Universal Canal Co., 31; failed in the work, 32.
Voters; have part of ruling power, 123.
Wallace, John F.; chief engineer, 45, 206.
War; against canal, against U. S., 99; nations at war, no contracts between, 100; war problems, 215.
Warships; are moving forts, 101; hostile to be excluded from canal, 101.
War zone; no war zone in the sea, 217.
Wilmington Free Library, 6.
Wilson v. Shaw; the canal decision, 81.
Wilson, Woodrow, 54; address of President to Congress on tolls, 55.
Wyse, Bonaparte; secured right from Colombia, 30; had route changed, 30; mentioned, 42, 207.
White, A. S.; book on Egypt, 176.
Witnesses before canal committees, 205, 206.
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