tries even where the parties are domiciled there, except for a cause recognized by French law (p. 527). This "embarrassing situation," as the author terms it, leads to results only too familiar to American lawyers. The remedial effect of the Hague Convention of 1902 no longer applies, as France denounced the treaty in 1913.

ARTHUR K. KUHN.

BOOK NOTES

The American Year Book, A Record of Events and Progress for the Year 1925. The Macmillan Co. 1926. pp. i-xxxv, 1-1158.

The American Year Book was published annually from 1909 to 1919, when it was discontinued. It is now revived under the general supervision of the American Year Book Corporation constituted, as formerly, of national societies, of which the American Society of International Law is one. The scope of the book is indicated by its Divisions, which are as follows: Historical, American Government, Governmental Functions, Economics and Business, Social Conditions and Aims, Science Principles and Application, The Humanities, Chronology and Necrology. The Year Book has a division relating to international affairs as affecting the United States, touching upon the Foreign Service, debts, the Opium Conference, Arms Traffic, recent treaties, the United States and European relations, Latin-American relations, the Far East, World affairs, as well as a brief bibliography of recent books referring to such matters. Under national governmental questions, such topics as citizenship, naturalization, freedom of speech, electoral laws, governmental functionaries, administrative, judicial and executive affairs are treated.

In other parts of the book such matters as immigration, labor organization, discoveries, and the like, touch upon topics of international significance. In bringing out a book early in the year, which will record the events and progress of the preceding year, there are always difficulties. In this book these difficulties have been excellently met, and the reappearance of the American Year Book is welcome upon the shelves of our annuals.

GEORGE GRAFTON WILSON.

Documental History of Law Cases Affecting Japanese in the United States, 1916-1924. Compiled by the Consulate General of Japan. San Francisco: 1925. 2 Vols., pp. ii, 413, vii, 1051.

This work consists of a collection of cases published without preface, and without textual comment. It is in two volumes, the first of which is entitled Naturalization Cases and Cases Affecting Constitutional Rights. This volume is divided into three parts, bearing as their respective headings, "Naturalization Cases," "Cases Affecting Constitutional and Treaty Rights," and the Appendix. The last contains the Constitution of the United States,

the Naturalization Laws of 1924, the Immigration Act of the same year, the treaty between the United States and Japan, signed at Washington on February 21, 1911; and an abstract of some sixteen pages "of Treaties and Conventions entered into between the United States Government and Foreign Governments in reference to Property Rights of Foreign Subjects." Volume two is entitled Japanese Land Cases, which include some forty cases, and an appendix containing the Alien Land Legislation of thirteen States of the Union.

The method of presentation of cases adopted in this work is unusually complete, including in general not only the decisions rendered, but such of the pleadings as are essential to a full understanding of the issues involved, as well as the briefs and arguments submitted by counsel. This compilation should be most helpful as a document of reference to all who have occasion to refer to the laws therein recited, their analysis and discussion by able counsel, and their interpretation and application by the courts.

CLEMENT L Bouvé.

Le Droit Penal de la Rhénanie Occupée. By Pierre Huguet. Paris: Les Presses Universitaires de France, 1923. pp. 247.

This is an important contribution to the list, not over large, of works dealing with military but non-belligerent occupation of territory. The author writes from a practical point of view, facing as he did various problems of penal administration during his service as a member of the legal bureau of the French staff attached to the French Army in the Rhineland. The foundation of the legal system described is "the right of Germany's adversaries to take guaranties for the reparation of wrongs done for the security not only of immediate neighbors, but of the whole world, in the fear too nearly justified of a new attack" (p. 17), and thus a guaranty of military order against even future aggression by Germany. The work thus describes what may be considered as one of a past era, the organization, jurisdiction, and administration of the Inter-Allied High Commission of the Rhineland with special reference to the preservation of order, the prevention, prosecution, and punishment of crimes during the Rhineland occupation, and based largely upon official documents. It is to be commended as a careful piece of work. One should be on one's guard, however, in generalizing from it because the general situation was created by special treaty arrangements. There is still place for a general work treating of the various cases of military nonbelligerent occupation not in any sense depending upon treaty arrangements, of which the American occupation of Vera Cruz is a conspicuous example.

J. S. REEVES.

International Maritime Committee. J. E. Buschmann, Antwerp, 1924-1925. The International Maritime Committee Bulletins No. 66-71 cover par

ticularly the matter of compulsory insurance of passengers which was brought before the committee at the session in Gothenburg in 1923, as well as propositions for an International Code of Affreightment, which was brought before the Gothenburg Conference, though earlier draft codes had been considered by the committee. Some of these matters are still under consideration, but the bulletins show the progress already made, as well as the proposed modifications and the discussions during the year 1924-1925. The Unsolved Problem of the Pacific, A survey of international contacts, especially in frontier communities, with special emphasis upon California, and, An analytic study of the Johnson Report to the House of Representatives. By Kiyo Sue Inui. The Japan Times. 1925. pp. 1-3,

1-618.

The title of this book indicates its nature. The immigration question is considered in a temperate and reasonable spirit, saying "Japan is not objecting to immigration restriction but she is objecting to the manner in which the restriction is brought along through discrimination." More than one-half of the volume of 618 pages is given to appendices containing relevant treaty, legislative and other documents since 1854, which illustrate the points of view of the United States and Japan.

Theorie und Praxis des Völkerrechts. By Dr. Karl Strupp. Berlin: Verlag von Otto Liebmann, 1925. pp. xii, 212. Index. M. 8.50.

This book is an outline or syllabus intended for academic use and selfstudy. It includes carefully selected bibliographies and outlines of recent developments, such as the League of Nations, International Bureaus and Administrative Unions, and the Permanent Organization of Labor. It is a thoroughly systematic and scientific piece of work and should prove very serviceable to real students of international law. It could hardly be recommended for popular consumption.

REVIEW OF CURRENT PERIODICALS

BY CHARLES G. FENWICK

1. AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION JOURNAL, February, 1926

The Problems of the Law, by Roscoe Pound (pp. 81-87), while dealing more immediately with the difficulties involved in the resort to legislation to attain desired reforms in our national or local state life, contains many helpful observations which may be brought to bear upon the problem of the codification of international law. The Advisory Function of the World Court, by Albert R. Ellingwood (pp. 102-108), examines in detail the arguments recently advanced by Senator Borah and others against the entrance of the United States into the World Court if that body is to continue to exercise its advisory functions and reaches the conclusion that "in reality there is less reason why the World Court should not exercise the advisory function in connection with political questions than there is for the unwillingness of municipal courts to pass upon such questions." The discussion of political, as distinct from legal, questions is particularly interesting.

2. AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW, February, 1926

Latin America and the League of Nations, by Percy A. Martin (pp. 14–30), reviews the general effects of the abandonment by Latin America of the "traditional New World isolation" and makes special mention of the demand made by Bolivia upon the League of Nations for a revision of the treaty of 1904 with Chile and of the circumstances attending the withdrawal of the Argentine delegation from the meeting of the First Assembly of the League. In respect to the latter question he finds it difficult to arrive "at any satisfactory interpretation of President Irigoyen's intransigent attitude." The relation of the Monroe Doctrine to the stipulations of the League Covenant is discussed from various angles. While pointing out the theoretical possibility of conflicts between the two, the writer thinks that such an embarrassment is unlikely to arise in practice.

3. CANADIAN BAR REVIEW, November, 1925

The Dominions and Foreign Relations, by Sir Robert Borden (pp. 513–521), while primarily concerned with the relations of the Dominions to "the premier government of the Commonwealth," discusses incidentally the effect of the admission of the Dominions to membership in the League of Nations and emphasizes the conviction that "the influence of the Dominions upon foreign relations must be for the good of the Commonwealth and for the peace of the world.” Since the Commonwealth "cannot go to war in sections," it will be wise for British statesmen to secure the concurrence of the Dominions in commitments which may involve the latter in war.

4. FOREIGN AFFAIRS, January, 1926

(See previous issue of this journal). A special supplement contains an address by Frank B. Kellogg on Some Foreign Policies of the United States (pp. i-xvii) in which the Secretary of State emphasizes the slow growth of American foreign policy and its development from a long line of international customs and treaty agreements which in part reflect the common policies of all nations and in part mark the distinctive attitude adopted by the United States. Among the special features of American foreign policy commented upon are the avoidance of participation in purely European political matters, the relations of the United States to China and the Far East, its attitude towards the payment of foreign debts and the making of foreign loans, and the admission of aliens under the immigration and visa laws.

5. GEORGETOWN LAW REVIEW, November, 1925

Codification of American International Law, by Thomas H. Healy (pp. 22-49), continues the discussion of the subject begun in the March number of the same journal and after calling attention to the recent action of the League of Nations, in respect to the general problem of codification, analyzes in detail the draft Pan American code prepared by a committee of the American Institute of International Law. The various projects are, in so far as commented upon, warmly endorsed, and the code as a whole is pronounced by the writer to be "a practical code drawn up by practical men as the basis of practical discussion between twenty-one of the most enlightened nations on the face of the globe."

6. MICHIGAN LAW REVIEW, January, 1926

Canada's Treaty Making Power, by C. D. Allin (pp. 249–276), is a careful analysis of the present legal relations between the Dominion and Great Britain in respect to the negotiation and ratification of treaties relating to Canada. The three schools of public opinion in Canada in regard to the assumption by Canada of independent treaty-making powers are described in their reactions to the recent treaties concluded with the United States and the writer observes in conclusion that "the struggle over the treatymaking power furnishes an excellent illustration of the mode in which the Imperial constitution expands to meet new situations, not through the long and difficult process of constitutional amendment or revision but through the simple adoption of new constitutional usages or conventions." In this instance there has been no formal renunciation on the part of the Imperial government of its jurisdiction; the Canadian government simply assumed jurisdiction when it had become evident that Canada could more effectively exercise it under the circumstances.

Ibid., February, 1926. Rights of Non-Resident Aliens under United States Laws Regulating Foreign Trade, by Boris M. Komar (pp. 370-390), calls attention to the discriminatory laws of the different countries by which