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WESTERN RUSSIA AS IT APPEARED IN DECEMBER, 1918.

that they be accepted or refused within seventy-two hours, expiring on Monday morning at 11 o'clock. French time.

"The German proposal for an immediate conclusion and provisional suspension of hostilities was rejected by Marshal Foch,

"A German courier bearing the text of the conditions of the armistice has been sent to Spa, no other means of communication being practicable.

"Please acknowledge receipt and send back courier as soon as possible with your latest instructions. Sending of fresh delegates is not necessary for the moment."

The French wireless service also gave out a dispatch sent by Gen, Winterfeld of the German armistice delegation to the German high command, announcing that the courier, Capt. Helldorff, would cross the lines between 6 and 8 p. m., and that the French command had taken measures for his safety.

Describing the arrival of the German enVoys at the French ines, the Intransigeant

said the automobiles carried white flags and were preceded by a trumpeter. Some French soldiers under an officer approached them on the road just outside the line of the left wing of Gen. Debeney's army near La Capelle, at 10 o'clock on the evening of Nov. 7.

The delegates established their identity and showed their credentials. The eyes of the members of the German party were then blindfolded and the delegates proceeded to the place where they spent the night. arriving there about 2 o'clock on the morning of Nov. 8.

The company of German road menders which accompanied the envoys did not cross the lines. The party started early in the morning for the French headquarters, arriving there at 6 o'clock.

Gen. Winterfield and Gen. von Gruennel wore uniforms of the rank of general. Von Salow was in the uniform of an admiral of the fleet, Mathias Erzberger and Count von Oberndorff were in plain civilian dress.

Historic Meeting Described.

The Paris Correspondent of the London Times described the historic meeting somewhat more in detail. He telegraphed on Nov. 10: The German parlementaires did not reach the French lines until after 9 o'clock on Thursday evening, when the French party awaiting them near La Capelle saw three motor cars advancing, together with a working party of pioneers. The journey of the German delegates had been exceedingly difficult. The French had lit up the road with searchlights and fires.

"At La Capelle a French guard, under the command of a superior officer, met the delegates and scrutinized their papers, and a French motor car with officers attached to the German party, placed itself at the head of the convoy, and another French staff car brought up the rear. The mission proceeded at once to the Chateau Francport, the property of the Marquis de Laigle, quite close to Choisy-au-Bac, which had been set aside as their residence. There members of Marshal Foch's staff met them.

"On Friday morning the delegates were conducted to Rethondes station, in the forest of Compiegne, on the Compiegne-Soissons line, where Marshal Foch's special train was lying. Marshal Foch was accompanied by Gen, Weygand and Admiral Sir Rosslyn Wemyss, first

sea lord.

"Herr Erzberger at once informed Marshal Foch that he had been instructed to ask for an immediate suspension of hostilities. Marshal Foch in reply informed them that this request had been foreseen in the terms of the armistice settled at Versailles and could not be granted. With cold military precision Marshal Foch then read the full text of those terms.

The delegates returned by car to their temporary residence at Francport, and after a brief consultation. requested authorization to send a courier to German headquarters at Spa. A wireless message was dispatched from the Eiffel tower informing the Germans of the journey of this courier so as to obtain a cessation of fire along the front in the neighborhood of La Capelle to enable him to return to his lines. The bombardment. however, increased in violence when he reached the front, and in spite of all efforts by wireless to persuade the Germans to cease fire the bombardwith ment was maintained great intensity throughout the night. In the morning the Germans suggested that it might be possible to get their messenger to German headquarters by airplane. The French high command at once agreed and the Germans, by wireless. undertook that the French airplane, which should bear two large white streamers, should not be fired upon. A French airman was told to get ready for this unique journey and almost immediately afterward a further wireless came from the Germans announcing that the orders given for the cessation of fire along La Capelle road were going to be carried cut and that the German officer could, therefore, proceed by road to his destination.'

The German courier bearing the text of the armistice conditions arrived at German headquarters at 10 o'clock on Sunday morning, Νον. 10. Capt. Helldorf was long delayed, while the German batteries persisted in bombarding the route he had to follow. but he finally got through.

Armistice Signed.

The new German government considered the armistice conditions at a sitting late Sunday in Berlin. Having decided to accept them, it telephoned instructions from Berlin to Spa, German headquarters., authorizing the delegates to affix their signatures to the agreement.

The courier, who was waiting at Spa. departed immediately for the lines and crossed them without incident north of Chimay. He reached the Chateau de Francport at about 2 o'clock Monday morning and found the German plenipotentiaries waiting for him. They

asked, after they had read their instructions. to see Marshal Foch, who was in his special train on a switch near the chateau.

Marshal Foch, with Admiral Sir Rosslyn Wemyss, first lord of the British navy. received them. A discussion took place upon certain clauses, particularly that concerning the maintenance of the blockade. The German delegates signed the document at 5 o'clock. The news was immediately sent by telegraph. cable, telephone and wireless to all parts of the world. causing one of the most tremendous outbursts of enthusiasm in the history of the world. In Paris and London the celebration lasted three or four days.

Joy in Paris.

Scenes of the wildest enthusiasm were enacted in the chamber of deputies when Premier Clemenceau read the conditions of the German armistice. The whole chamber rose to greet the premier, while the galleries, in which was a predominance of soldiers in uniform and women, cheered for several minutes. Prolonged cheering greeted the ment that Alsace-Lorraine would be occupied. and the name of Marshal Foch, as the signer of the document, was enthusiastically received. The municipal council of Paris had the fol

announce

lowing posted on walls in all parts of the city: "Citizens, victory is here- triumphant victory! The vanquished enemy lays down his arms. Blood ceases to flow. Let Paris emerge from her ordered reserve. Let us give free course to our joy and enthusiasm and hold back our tears.

"Let us testify to our infinite gratitude to Our grand soldiers and their incomparable chiefs by festooning our houses in the colors of France and our allies. Our dead can sleep in peace. The sublime sacrifice they have made for the future of their race and the salvation of their country will not be in vain.

The day of glory has come. Long live the republic! Long live immortal France!"

In London.

Waving flags and cheering, an enormous crowd pressed into Downing street before noon on the 11th shouting "Lloyd George! Lloyd George!" Finally the cheers and shouts brought the premier and Andrew Bonar Law. chancellor of the exchequer, to a second floor window of the premier's residence. When they appeared pandemonium ensued.

For five minutes the crowd cheered and waved flags frantically, and then they sang. "For he's a jolly good fellow." The premier stood passive and unsmiling, but his face was serene. When order and silence had been secured he began to speak, as follows:

"You are entitled to rejoice. The people of this country and of their allies and the people of our overseas dominions and of India have won a glorious victory. It was the sons and daughters of the people who have won it. It is the most wonderful victory for liberty in the history of the world. Let us thank God for it."

Premier Lloyd George bowed and disappeared. Chancellor Bonar Law, after kissing his hand to the crowd as he pulled down the window, moved away.

Hardly had the premier finished talking when a long file of shouting soldiers-British. Canadians, Australians, Americans, and a few from other allied countries-wedged their way through the throng and managed to reach the front of the premier's house, where they gave him a great ovation.

A great multitude. waving flags, appeared before Buckingham palace shortly before noon and cheered until the king and queen, Princess Mary and the duke of Connaught appeared on the balcony. The national anthem was sung repeatedly by the crowd.

Speaking from the balcony. King George said:

"With you I rejoice and thank God"

At the admiralty there were calls for a speech from Sir Eric Geddes, the first lord.

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MAP SHOWING RUSSIAN MILITARY SITUATION IN DECEMBER, 1918. To the north (No. 1) the bolsheviki were opposing American and allied forces coming south from Archangel along the Dvina river. To the east (No. 2) they had defeated the Czecho-Slovak troops after the latter on their westward march had reached the Volga and Kama rivers and taken the towns of Simbirsk

The crowds had collected there and hastily improvised platforms were erected for the first lord and the board of admiralty. Sir Eric Geddes called for three cheers for ViceAdmiral Beatty (commander of the grand fleet), and these having been given with great fervor, the crowds again asked for a speech, but the cheering drowned all else. The first

and Samara. To the south (No. 3) they were fighting the Cossacks on the Don river and in the Astrakhan district. The British (No. 4) were establishing bases at the points shown. (No. 5) Kiev, capital of the Ukrainian republic.

lord called for cheers for the British bluejackets.

A special service of prayer was held at St, Paul's in the afternoon, the lord mayor and sheriffs attending.

Bands and the pipers of the Scots guards paraded through Whitehall, playing martial and patriotic airs. They were accompanied by

singing crowds who time and again sang the national anthem.

In the United States.

President Wilson issued the formal proclamation on Monday morning, Nov. 11. 1918:

"My Fellow Countrymen: The armistice was signed this morning. Everything for which America fought has been accomplished. It will now be our fortunate duty to assist by example, by sober, friendly counsel, and by material aid in the establishment of just democracy throughout the world. "WOODROW WILSON."

Secretary of State Lansing issued the following statement:

"The American people can rejoice that their patriotism, their loyalty and their splendid spirit of service and sacrifice have been rewarded. Prussian militarism is ended: it no longer menaces liberty and justice. But before us lie new tasks and new burdens, which we must assume with the same unity of purpose, the same devotion and zeal. as have characterized the republic during this, great war. Let us while we celebrate this day of victory look forward to the future, conscious of our supreme duty to humanity and confident in the united will of the nation.'

PEACE CELEBRATION NOV. 11, 1918.

There were two great peace celebrations over the signing of the armistice terms which virtually ended the world war. One of these, started by an erroneous report sent out from an American source in France on Thursday, Nov. 7, continued all day in the principal cities of the United States. The real celebration, however, began early on the morning of Nov. 11, when the fact that the armistice had been signed was made known through authentic and official channels. On that day the people in all the allied countries gave themselves over to unrestrained manifestations of their joy. Stores and factories were closed. and for twenty hours or more the people surged through the streets shouting and singing while whistles were blowing and church bells ringing. The scenes witnessed in Chicago were typical of those in all the large cities of the world where the sympathy of the people was with the allies and the United States. They were thus described in The Chicago Daily News:

"Chicago turned topsy-turvy to-day. "From one end of the city to another everyIts millions of citizens thing was turmoil. gave themselves without bounds to the delirium of joy the news of the war's grand finale had evoked in them. Pandemonium was in the saddle wherever the citizens congregated.

"And the whole thing, as a score or more funeral corteges seemed to indicate, was a tribute or what would you call it?-to Former Kaiser William. It was Chicago's way of joyously mourning the German emperor. Moreover, it was a part of the world's expression of its emotions at the downfall of the Hohenzollerns.

Thursday's premature outburst of feeling paled into insignificance against to-day's demonstration of the popular feeling, not to mention the altogether tame and really innocent New Year's celebration that heretofore held the records for noisiness in Chicago.

"There was no semblance to order in the mass of pushing, howling, yelling, cheering, laughing humanity that packed Clark, State and LaSalle streets, Michigan boulevard and the crosstown thoroughfares from as early as 3 o'clock in the morning. And what feeble attempts were made on the part of the police to re-establish order were nonchalantly and persistently overlooked by the public.

"What did this happy crowd care whether the street cars were delayed or automobiles could not get through? What if a few plate great glass windows were smashed by the Bush? The one big idea in the public mind was that the war was over and nothing else mattered.

"As on Thursday, so to-day, the streets were showered with makeshift confetti and ticker tape. The carnival-New Year's-election day spirit of Thursday again found its expression in the sudden appearance of all manner of noisemaking devices. from paper horns to rattles.

"And, the motormen on the street cars and 'L' trains again did themselves proud clanging bells and blowing the sirens. The stunt of

making a very efficient noise-producing instrument out of an automobile cutout was repeated.

"Scores and scores of street parades were organized in a jiffy, and bands to lead them were gathered with surprising rapidity.

"But to-day's celebration may be compared to Thursday's only because Thursday's was the noisiest, most jubilant day in the annals of Chicago-up to to-day, was To-day's bedlam Thursday's, only ten times more noisy and impressive.

"Every loop building, store and factory poured its little city of men and women into the streets. Nobody felt like working, and the employers appreciated this. During the early morning hours the busiest corner in the world," State and Madison streets, was busier than on the busiest Christmas shopping day on record. And at noon to-day it would have been impossible for a snake to wind its way through that maelstrom of humanity that had come to a dead stop and roared and vocifer. ated and shouted into one another's ears.

"There was one cortege that was impressive. It consisted of a solemn faced band playing Chopin's dead march, a black hearse on which was inbearing a black casket, scribed, "The Kaiser's Coffin - He's Going Where He Belongs. and a long procession of mourners with black bands around their hats.

"Ever and anon the procession would stop. and somebody would emit a nerve shattering howl and turn a somersault amid frantic applause. And then the procession would continue.

"All morning, almost from 1:55 o'clock, the momentous minute when Chicago received the news of Germany's surrender, steam whistles all over added to the general noise. Passen ger steamboats anchored at the mouth of the Chicago river joined in the chorus with the shrill, ear-splitting screech of their distress sirens. Near the federal building a big church bell joyously clanged.

"The news of the surrender, as on Thursbrought to day, the loop thousands upon thousands of housewives, school children and factory workers. They packed every 'L' and suburban train and street car. Many had not even taken the time to change from their into street clothes, and working clothes among the throngs in the streets were many factory girls in overettes, housewives in huge aprons and men in overalls.

"But despite the vast crowds, to-day's cele bration was largely a celebration by individuals. Many a man held a parade all by himself, either strutting about with a flag over his shoulder and gesticulating more or less wildly or earnestly pounding a big washtub or kettle.

"Toward noon the crowds and the noise increased. Babel at its worst could not have been worse than Chicago was to-day., so far as the incoherent tumult is concerned.

"Needless to say, the celebration became a little bit 'wet' as the day advanced. Many a man mixed liquor with jubilation, and the result was hilarious. But the good natured public closed one eye and even both eyes when

it became necessary. On the whole, there were few unpleasant outbursts.

"The general jubilation spread even to the county jail, where several thousand prisoners sang in chorus. And if one believes the guards. it was some chorus! All attempts to stop it failed.

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picturesque. Red fire burned everywhere, and every known device for making noise was at a premium.

Tons of confetti sprinkled in the streets added a carnival note. The great thoroughfares were packed from building line to building line with ever-changing multitude. In Broadway, 5th avenue and the main cross streets vehicle traffic was almost abandoned. Men in uniforms of blue and khaki were caught up here and there and carried on the shoulders of the crowd.

"The first of the city's parades formed at Madison and State streets shortly after o'clock in the morning. Night workers abandoned their posts. hotel guests fell in line and soldiers and sailors in Chicago on leave and waiting for trains to take them back to their There was no attempt at formal celebration. cantonments swelled the procession. Every That will come later. The outpouring into the conceivable sort of noise making device, dish-streets was a mere continuation of the "vicpans. horns, revolvers, whistles, the whole tory parade" decreed by Mayor Hylan as a category of ear splitting paraphernalia ap- token of the city's thanksgiving. peared as by magic.

"Soon several hundred people were in line. A young man in army uniform with a corporal's stripes was, the leader of the first procession, but soon he had scores of rivals and by 4 o'clock there were half a dozen independent parades, zigzagging their way about the downtown districts. A band of celebrants commandeered a big express truck early in the morning and after loading it to capacity started on a tour of the loop. One of the first places passed was a Madison street moving picture house which had a display sign, The Prussian Cur.' advertising a current production, and this was immediately seized and carried to the truck.

"Chicago public schools were closed for the day by special order. Although many youngsters failed to report for studies. the majority came to their classrooms and participated in demonstrations in honor of the receipt of the world's biggest news announcement.

""This news is real and there will be no classes to-day.' said Mr. Loeb. 'I have dispatched an order to all principals of grammar and high schools closing the schools for the day.'

"Impressive services were held at many of the schools before the children were sent home. At the Eugene Field and Franklin schools, as well as a number of others on the south and west sides, the children began a patriotic song session which was opened with the singing of "The Star Spangled Banner.'

IN OTHER CITIES.

The following telegrams show how the news of the signing of the armistice was celebrated in other large cities in the United States:

New York.

New York, Nov. 11.-The celebration which took place in New York Thursday upon the premature report of an armistice was a pale rehearsal of what occurred to-day. The bona fide occasion justified the full powers of rejoicing which New York displayed. The first whistles blew a few minutes after 3 o'clock in the morning, and by 5 the city sat up in its millions of beds and thrilled with the consciousness that the dark days were ended, and that the most momentous day in the history of the world had dawned.

By 6 o'clock the streets were clamorous with masculine cheers; by 7, the voices of women were added: by 8, men and women, excused for the day from their tasks, thronged the great arteries, of the city, elate with the sense of relief from sorrow. Hour by hour the tumult increased.

Fortunately it was a glorious day. The sky was an unclouded blue, the wind cool and rather strong, the sunlight pale but beautiful. Overhead an occasional airplane flew, silver white in the sun, but the noises of the aerial motors were drowned in the unceasing clamor and bellow of the streets.

To-night, eighteen hours after the glad tidings, celebrations, big and little, were going on in all quarters of New York city. Those in the foreign quarters were perhaps the most

Boston.

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Boston, Mass.. Nov. 11. New England threw off its traditional self-restraint to-day and celebrated the signing of the armistice from long before dawn until long after dark with more enthusiasm, noise and processions than ever marked its most glorious Independence day observances. While Gov. McCall in an official proclamation set aside to-morrow 28 "Victory day" for organized expression by the people of the state "of their very deep pleasure over so momentous an event," the citizens themselves, from corporation presidents to office boys, joined in a spontaneous cutburst of joy that resulted in the general closing for the day of industrial establishments, offices and schools.

Boston streets were jammed all day. There were more processions in a day than ever tramped its pavements in a year.

St. Louis.

St. Louis, Mo., Nov. 11.-St. Louis was waiting to start celebrating when The Associated Press flashed the word that the war was over, and, having started, it had not stopped late to-night.

Kansas City.

Kansas City. Mo.. Nov. 11.-A mammoth victory celebration at Convention hall here to-night marked the climax of a day replete with parades, jollification rallies and streets crowded with people who were armed with every sort of noisemaking device. Practically all business was suspended.

Omaha.

Omaha, Neb.. Nov. 11.-Never in the history of Omaha has she witnessed such a celebration as to-day's festivities have been. Since early morning the streets have been thronged with a cheering mob. At 1:35 o'clock this afternoon a parade started in which 50,000 persons marched.

Salt Lake City.

Salt Lake City, Utah, Nov. 11.-From the moment it became known that the armistice had been accepted by Germany, Salt Lake City began to celebrate. A number of minor accidents were reported at the emergency hospital.

Des Moines.

Des Moines, Iowa, Nov. 11.-Business_was suspended in Des Moines and many other Iowa cities and towns to-day as thousands of persons gave themselves over entirely to celedowntown streets here forced abandonment of brating the end of the war. Throngs on the street car traffic.

Milwaukee.

Milwaukee, Wis.. Nov. 11.-The hanging of William Hohenzollern in effigy and a mammoth bonfire on the lake front were the crowning features of a peace celebration which started early to-day and continued until tonight.

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