785 Golden period of learning in Arabia, under the 785. Forcible conversion of the Saxons by caliph Haroun al Raschid. 788 Pleadings in courts of justice first practised. 793 Foundation of schools in monasteries and cathedrals, by Charlemagne. The Gregorian chant. 794 The Synod of Frankfort. George, the monk. Charlemagne. 787. The seventh general Council at Nice, in which the doctrine of the Iconoclasts was condemned. 791. Pope Leo III. sends to Charlemagne for confirmation. Masses said for money. A.D. EASTERN EMPIRE, ASIA, &c. EUROPE, generally. Rhine, and subdues Bavaria. The Arabs invest Constantinople by land with 725. France:-Charles Martel crosses the 727. Britain:-Ina, king of Wessex, begins the tax called Peter's pence, to support a college at Rome. 732. France:-Charles Martel gains a great victory over the Saracens near Tours. 740. Spoletto taken by the Normans, but recovered by the Pope. 742. France:-Childeric III 752. France:-End of the Merovingian line of French kings. Pepin le Bref, first of the Carlovingian line. 753. Pepin le Bref aids the Pope with a large army against the Lombards. Italy:-Ravenna a dukedom. 756. Spain:-Separated from the Caliphate: Abderhama. 761. Spain:-Froila, grandson of Pelagius, builds Oviedo, and makes it the seat of his kingdom. 768. France:-CHARLEMAGNE, or Charles the Great, reigns with his brother, Carloman, until 771. 774. Charlemagne invades Italy; defeats Didier, king of Lombardy, and annexes Italy to his empire. End of the Lombard king. dom. 778. A part of Charlemagne's army defeated at Roncesvalles. 779 Charlemagne conquers Navarre, Sardinia, and the Saxons. Charlemagne conquers the Avari. -attempts to unite the Rhine and the Danube. 787. Britain:-First recorded invasion of the Danes:-The Sea Kings and Vikings. 794. Charlemagne extirpates the Huns. A.D. PROGRESS OF SOCIETY. PERIOD. V.-The Middle Ages.-266 years ECCLESIASTICAL 800 Agriculture and horticul800. The Pope separates from Gold mines worked in Spain. 801 Paul Warefredus (Diaconus) the historian. Haroun al Raschid, courting his alliance, presents Charlemagne with a striking clock. This clock was adorned with automaton figures, which moved and played on va rious musical instruments. the Eastern Empire, and Charlemagne reforms the church. Many bishoprics founded. -Great increase of monastic institutions. Insurrection at against the pope. 813 The reign of Mamun (caliph) 813 NEW WESTERN EMPIRE. 800 NEW EMPIRE of the WEST founded by Charlemagne, who is crowned at Rome, by the pope, king of Italy, Germany, and France. 602. Charlemagne receives an embassy from Nicephorus, and from Haroun al Raschid. 806. Charlemagne divides the empire between his three sons. 808. First descent of the NOR MANS upon France. Rome 813. Charlemagne dies, Jan. 28. The College of Cardinals founded. |