IV, cap. 59,* provision is made for securing to every person who invents, or designs, engraves, etches, or works in mezzotinto or chiaro-oscuro, or, from his own work, design, or invention, causes or procures to be designed, engraved, etched, or worked in mezzotinto or chiaro-oscuro, any historical print or prints, or any print or prints of any portrait, conversation, landscape or architecture, map, chart, or plan, or any other print or prints whatsoever, and to every person who engraves, etches, or works in mezzotinto or chiaro-oscuro, or causes to be engraved, etched, or worked any print taken from any picture, drawing, model, or sculpture, notwithstanding such print has not been graven or drawn from his own original design, certain copyrights therein defined: and whereas doubts are entertained whether the provisions of the said Acts extend to lithographs and certain other impressions, and it is expedient to remove such doubts:

It is hereby declared, that the provisions of the said Acts are intended to include prints taken by lithography, or any other mechanical process by which prints or impressions of drawings or designs are capable of being multiplied indefinitely, and the said Acts shall be construed accordingly.

ACT of the British Parliament "to enable Her Majesty to carry into effect Arrangements made with Foreign Powers for the Apprehension of Seamen who desert from their Ships."

[15 Vict. cap. 26.]

[June 17, 1852.] WHEREAS arrangements have been made with certain foreign Powers for the recovery of seamen deserting from the ships of such Powers when in British ports, and for the recovery of seamen deserting from British ships when in the ports of such Powers: and whereas it is expedient to enable Her Majesty to carry such arrangements into effect, and likewise to enable Her Majesty to carry into effect any similar arrangements of a like nature which may be made hereafter be it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

I. Whenever it is made to appear to Her Majesty that due facilities are or will be given for recovering and apprehending seamen who desert from British merchant ships in the territories of any foreign Power, Her Majesty may, by Order in Council stating

* Vol. XXIV. Page 687.

that such facilities are or will be given, declare that seamen, not being slaves, who desert from merchant ships belonging to a subject of such Power, when within Her Majesty's dominions or the territories of the East India Company, shall be liable to be apprehended and carried on board their respective ships, and may limit the operation of such order, and may render the operation thereof subject to such conditions and qualifications, if any, as may be deemed expedient.

II. Upon such publication as hereinafter mentioned of any such Order in Council, then during such time as the same remains in force, and subject to such limitations and qualifications, if any, as may be therein contained, every Justice of the Peace or other officer having jurisdiction in the case of seamen who desert from British merchant ships in Her Majesty's dominions or in the territories of the East India Company shall, on application being made by a Consul of the Foreign Power to which such Order in Council relates, or his deputy or representative, aid in apprehending any seaman or apprentice who deserts from any merchant ship belonging to a subject of such Power, and may for that purpose, upon complaint on oath duly made, issue his warrant for the apprehension of any such deserter, and, upon due proof of the desertion, order him to be conveyed on board the vessel to which he belongs, or to be delivered to the master or mate of such vessel, or to the owner of such vessel or his agent, to be so conveyed; and thereupon it shall be lawful for the person ordered to convey such deserter, or for the master or mate of such vessel, or the owner or his agent (as the case may require), to convey him on board accordingly.

III. If any person protects or harbours any deserter who is liable to be apprehended under this Act, knowing or having reason to believe that he has deserted, such person shall for every offence be liable to a penalty not exceeding 107., and every such penalty shall be recovered, paid, and applied in the same manner as penalties for harbouring or protecting deserters from British merchant ships.

IV. Every Order in Council to be made under the authority of this Act shall be published in the "London Gazette" as soon as may be after the making thereof.

V. Her Majesty may, by Order in Council, from time to time revoke or alter any Order in Council previously made under the authority of this Act.

VI. This Act may be cited as the "Foreign Deserters' Act, 1852."

ACT of the British Parliament, "to enable 'Her Majesty to abolish otherwise than by Treaty, on Condition of Reciprocity, Differential Duties on Foreign Ships."

[15 & 16 Vict. cap. 47.]

[June 30, 1852.] WHEREAS by an Act, passed in the 59th year of the reign of King George III [cap. 54],* intituled "An Act to carry into effect a Convention of Commerce concluded between His Majesty and The United States of America, and a Treaty with the Prince Regent of Portugal," provisions were made respecting the rates or duties payable on ships or vessels of The United States and Portuguese ships or vessels entering and touching at the Ports of the United Kingdom or of His Majesty's territories in Europe, and respecting the repayment to corporations and persons of the amount of the sums of money of which they would be deprived by means of the said Act: And whereas by an Act, passed in the 9th year of the reign of Her present Majesty [cap. 90], intituled "An Act for granting Duties of Customs," it was enacted and declared that, from and after the ratification of any Treaty theretofore made by Her Majesty or any of her royal predecessors subsequently to the enactment of the said first-recited Act, or of any Treaty which might thereafter be made by Her Majesty, her heirs and successors, with any foreign Power, in which Treaty had been or should be contained provisions similar to those recited in the said first-recited Act, all and every the provisions, clauses, matters, and things in the said first-recited Act contained, should apply and extend to the trade and shipping of such foreign Powers respectively, as fully and effectually to all intents and purposes as to the trade and shipping of the said United States and of the said Kingdom of Portugal, and also should apply and extend to differential duties or charges on goods imported or exported in the ships of such foreign Powers, as well as to differential duties on the ships of such foreign Powers: And whereas it is expedient that the provisions of the said firstrecited Act should extend to the trade and shipping of any foreign Power which, without any Treaty for that purpose having been made and ratified between Her Majesty and such foreign Power, shall place the trade and shipping of Great Britain in the ports of such foreign Power on the same footing in respect of duties and charges as the trade and shipping of such foreign Power: Be it therefore enacted, by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

I. Where it shall appear to Her Majesty that, by the laws or * Vol. VI. Page 949.

regulations of any foreign Power the trade and shipping of Great Britain in the ports of such foreign Power have been placed upon the same footing as the trade and shipping of such foreign Power, either absolutely or on condition of equal or like benefits being conceded to the vessels of such foreign Power in the ports of Her Majesty, it shall be lawful for Her Majesty, by Order to be by Her made with the advice of Her Privy Council, and to be published in the "London Gazette," to order and declare that the trade and shipping of such foreign Power shall have the benefit of the provisions of this Act; and thereupon all the provisions, clauses, matters, and things in the said first-recited Act contained shall, so long as such Order in Council shall remain in force, but no longer, apply and extend to the trade and shipping of such foreign Power, as fully and effectually, to all intents and purposes, as they apply to the trade and shipping of the said United States and Portugal, or would apply to such trade and shipping if the Convention and Treaty intended to be carried into effect by the said first-recited Act were in force, and shall also apply and extend to differential duties or charges on goods imported or exported in the ships or vessels of such foreign Power, as well as to differential duties on the ships or vessels of such foreign Power; and every such Order in Council shall have the same effect, with reference to such duties and charges and to the exemption from the payment thereof contained in any Local Act, as if a Treaty of Reciprocity had been concluded and was then in force between Her Majesty and such foreign Power.

II. It shall be lawful for Her Majesty, by Order in Council, from time to time, to revoke any Order in Council previously made under the authority of this Act.

ACT of the British Parliament, "for amending the Law granting Patents for Inventions."

[15 & 16 Vict. cap. 83.] [July 1, 1852.] WHEREAS it is expedient to amend the law concerning Letters Patent for Inventions: Be it enacted by the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

ART. I. The Lord Chancellor, the Master of the Rolls, Her Majesty's Attorney-General for England, Her Majesty's SolicitorGeneral for England, Her Majesty's Attorney-General for Ireland, and Her Majesty's Solicitor-General for Ireland, for the time being respectively, together with such other person or persons as may be from time to time appointed by Her Majesty, as hereinafter men

tioned, shall be Commissioners of Patents for Inventions; and it shall be lawful for Her Majesty from time to time, by warrant under Her Royal Sign Manual, to appoint such other person or persons as she may think fit to be a Commissioner or Commissioners as aforesaid; and every person so appointed shall continue such Commissioner during Her Majesty's pleasure; and all the powers hereby vested in the Commissioners may be exercised by any 3 or more of them, the Lord Chancellor or Master of the Rolls being one.

II. It shall be lawful for the Commissioners to cause a seal to be made for the purposes of this Act, and from time to time to vary such seal, and to cause to be sealed therewith all the warrants for Letters Patent under this Act, and all instruments and copies proceeding from the office of the Commissioners, and all Courts, Judges, and other persons whomsoever shall take notice of such seal, and receive impressions thereof in evidence, in like manner as impressions of the great seal are received in evidence, and shall also take notice of and receive in evidence, without farther proof or production of the originals, all copies or extracts, certified under the seal of the said office, of or from documents deposited in such office.

III. It shall be lawful for the Commissioners from time to time to make such rules and regulations (not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act) respecting the business of their office, and all matters and things which under the provisions herein contained are to be under their control and direction, as may appear to them necessary and expedient for the purposes of this Act; and all such rules shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament within 14 days after the making thereof, if Parliament be sitting, and if Parliament be not sitting, then within 14 days after the next meeting of Parliament; and the Commissioners shall cause a report to be laid annually before Parliament of all the proceedings under and in pursuance of this Act.

IV. It shall be lawful for the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury to provide and appoint from time to time proper places or buildings for an office or offices for the purposes of this Act.

V. It shall be lawful for the Commissioners, with the consent of the Commissioners of the Treasury, from time to time to appoint for the purposes of this Act such clerks and officers as the Commissioners may think proper; and it shall be lawful for the Commissioners from time to time to remove any of the clerks and officers so appointed.

VI. Every petition for the grant of letters patent for an invention, and the declaration required to accompany such petition, shall be left at the office of the Commissioners, and there shall be left therewith a statement in writing, hereinafter called the provisional specification, signed by or on behalf of the applicant for letters patent,