prove to be a form of organization that will be largely employed in the future.1
In our introductory chapter attention was called to the importance of the question of general administration and the failure of the Council of National Defense to perform this function. Although the Government had to create a large number of separate agencies for the performance of its war work these agencies had to work in the closest coöperation with each other. This coördination of effort was in large part secured through the adoption of the principle of giving representation on the several boards of representatives of other boards and administrations. Mention in this connection should also be made of the fact that the Council of National Defense adopted the practice of holding weekly meetings at which the heads of the more important war agencies were entitled to be present, and the President brought into existence what was in effect a special war cabinet by holding weekly meetings with the heads of the important war agencies at which matters of general interest were discussed and policies affecting the services generally were adopted.
The greater portion of the foregoing chapters was written while the war was in full progress. Consideration was thus perforce centered upon the manner in which the needs developed by the war were being
1 By a coincidence the writer of the present volume wrote a paper advocating the formation of corporations of this character by the National Government before action in this direction had been inaugurated. This paper, which is entitled "The National Government as a Holding Corporation: the Question of Subsidiary Budgets," was published in the Political Science Quarterly, vol. xxxii, No. 4, December, 1917, and republished as a chapter in the writer's volume The Problem of a National Budget (Studies in Administration, Institute for Government Research, 1918).
handled. The war is now ended and the work of reconstruction confronts us. This work has two phases that of the restoration of the industrial life of the community to its normal, peace basis, and that of the reorganization of the Government itself. It is unnecessary to point out the gravity of the problems that are presented by both phases of this question. In scarcely a single respect are the people willing to return to conditions precisely as they were at the outbreak of the war. The great problem of the relation of the Government to industry, trade, the railroads, shipping, labor, education, science, and indeed every phase of social activity presents itself in a new form as the result of our war experience. Especially will the fact of our more definite entrance into the field of world politics affect many of our domestic problems. The questions here raised are ones which can be adequately treated only in works dealing with special phases of the problem of reconstruction, such as is the purpose of the other volumes of the series in which the present volume appears.
Naval Consulting Board on,
32; see also Aircraft, Avia-
tion.
Agricultural Production Stimu-
lation Act, 263.
Agriculture, Botany, etc., Divi-
sion of, in National Research
Council, 27, 30.
Agriculture, Department of, Sec-
retary of, member of Coun-
cil of National Defense, 11;
representative of, member of
War Trade Board, 129, 131;
member of War Trade Coun-
cil, 131; representation on
War Labor Policies Board,
236;
war duties of, 263-264,
268-269.
Aircraft, construction of, 328-
338; investigations regard-
ing production of, 336; see
also, Aviation.
Aircraft Board, creation,
organization, functions, 332-
336.
Aircraft Production Act, 332-
334.
Aircraft Production Board,
creation, organization, func-
tions, 331-332.
Airplanes, see Aircraft.
Alien Property Custodian, crea-
tion, organization, functions,
319-327.
Aliens, see Enemy Aliens.
Allied Purchasing Commission,
113-114; representation on
Requirements Division, War
Industries Board, 80; on
Priorities Board, 98.
Allies, purchasing for, 75;
purchase of food products
for, 282.
Allotments, see Soldiers and
Sailors Allotments.
Allowances, see Soldiers and
Sailors Allowances.
American International Ship-
building_Corporation, 156.
American Railway Association,
170.
American Railway Express
Company, 181.
American Relief
Administra-
tion, creation, organization,
functions, 290-291.
Anthropology and Psychology,
Division of, in National Re-
search Council, 30.
Arbitration and conciliation of
labor disputes, railway em-
ployees, 202-207; work of Na-
tional War Labor Board in,
234-235.
Arsenals and Navy Yards Wage
Commission, creation, organi-
zation, functions, 217-218.
Aviation, provision of Overman
Act regarding 7; reorganiza-
tion by President of services
having to do with, 337-338;
see also Aircraft.
Board of Control of Labor
Standards in Army Clothing,
creation, organization, func-
tions, 218-220.
Board of Inventions, 31.
Board of Mediation and Con-
ciliation, creation, organiza-
tion, functions, 202, 204.
Board of Railway Wages and
Working Conditions, 187.
Boys' Working Reserve, 247.
Bread, restrictions on return
of unsold, 106.
Brookings, Robert S., 110.
Bunkerage, control of, by War
Trade Board, 138-139.
Bureau of Aircraft Production,
creation, organization, func-
tions, 337-338.
Bureau of Enemy Trade, War
Trade Board, 137, 138.
Bureau of Exports, War Trade
Board, 133.
Bureau of Immigration, Divi-
sion of Information of, 243-
244.
Bureau of Imports, War Trade
Board, 136.
Bureau of Industrial Housing
and Transportation, 255-257.
Bureau of Mines, coöperation
with Fuel Administration,
312.
Bureau of Standards, repre
sentation on National Ad-
visory Committee for Aero-
nautics, 329.
Bureau of Transportation, War
Trade Board, 138.
Bureau of War Risk Insurance,
creation, organization, func-
tions, 339-351.
Cables, censorship of, 41, 49;
see also Telegraph, Tele-
phones and Cables.
Cape Cod Canal, 181.
Capital Issues Committee, crea-
tion, organization, functions,
52-57.
Casey, John J., 225.
Catchins, Waddill, 225.
Censorship, need of, 33, 39-40;
press, 34-35, 47; telegraph,
41; telephone, 41; cables,
41, 49; mails, foreign, 45;
radio communication, 49.
Censorship Board, 46.
Chamber of Commerce of the
United States, services in
organizing industry for war
purposes, 83, 85, 86-89.
Chartering Committee, 165.
Chemistry, Division of, in Na-
tional Research Council, 30.
Chemistry and Physics, Com-
mittee of Naval Consulting
Board on, 32.
Christie, G. I., 236.
Clarkson, Grosvenor B., 18.
Clearance Committee of War
Industries Board, 79.
"Clearance List,'
dustries Board, 79.
Clothing, Board of Control for
Labor Standards in Army,
218-220.
Coal, price of, fixed by Com-
mittee on Coal Production,
295; stimulation of output
of, 297; adjustment of labor
conditions in mining of, 301-
302; price-fixing of, 303-307;
establishment of zone system
for distribution of, 307-309;
priorities in respect to, 307,
309-310; creation of Tide
Water Coal Exchange, 309;
restrictions upon use of, 310-
313; licensing system for
producers, dealers, etc., 311;
see also Fuel.
Coffin, Howard E., 13, 69,
332, 335.
Coin, bullion
and currency,
control over exportation of,
Coke, price-fixing of, 305.
Colver, W. B., 110.
Commandeering of property,
power of government regard-
ing, 92-95.
Commerce, Secretary of, mem-
ber of Council of National
Defense, 11; administrator of
exports control, 127-128;
representative of, member of
War Trade Board, 129, 131;
member of War Trade Coun-
cil, 131.
Commercial Economy Board,
105-109.
Commercial Economy Commit-
tee of Council of National
Defense, 18.
Committee on Coal Production,
Council of National Defense,
295.
Committee on Labor of Council
of National Defense, 16, 207-
211.
Committee on Public Informa-
tion, 33-39; Chairman of,
member of Censorship Board,
46.
Committee on Transportation of
Council of National Defense,
17, 168.
Committee on Women's De-
fense Work of Council of Na-
tional Defense, 16.
Commodity Sections, War In-
dustries Board, 80-83.
Conference of National Labor
Adjustment Agencies, action
regarding labor conditions
of anthracite coal miners,
300.
Conservation Division, War In-
dustries Board, 105, 109-110.
"Conservation
Trade Board, 133-134.
Contracts, government, provi-
sion of Food Control Act re-
garding, 84-85.
Coolidge, L. A., 162.
Coonley, Howard, 236.
Copyrights, enemy, control of,
318.
Corporations, use of subsidiary,
a feature of war administra-
tion, 355-357.
Council of National Defense,
creation, organization, func-
tions, 9-13; advisory com-
mission to, 11; criticism of
organization and activities,
14-16, 21; important serv-
ices of, 17; committee on
Women's Defense Work, 16;
Committee on Labor, 16;
207-211; General Munitions
Board, 16; Munition Stand-
ards Board, 16; General
Medical Board, 17; Commit-
tee on Transportation, 17;
Commercial Economy Com-
mittee, 18; reconstruction
work of, 18-21; on need for
central labor administration,
224-225; Committee on Coal
Production, 295; Aircraft
Production Board of, 331-
332; weekly meeting with
heads of war agencies, 357.
Covington, J. Harry, 185.
Creel, George, 34, 194.
Davis, Norman H., 291.
Division of Conciliation, De-
partment of Labor, creation,
organization, functions, 204-
Division of Export Licenses,
Bureau of Foreign and
Domestic Commerce, 128.
Division of Labor, Railroad Ad-
ministration, 188.
Division of Military Aeronau-
tics, creation of, 337.
Dunn, Gano, 25.
Durand, William F., 329.
Edison, Thomas A., 31.
Electricity, Committee of Naval
Consulting Board on, 32.
Elliott, Howard, 170.
Emergency Fleet Corporation,
creation, organization, func-
tions, 148-165; representa-
|