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Analysis of the problem-Its importance and immediate
urgency-Elements in the mobilization of facilities
and resources Need for an organ of general adminis-
tration - The President as administrator-in-chief - His
administrative powers derived from Congress The
Overman Act-Council of National Defense
Its pur-
pose as originally conceived-Its composition and func-
tions as prescribed by the Act of March 26, 1916 — Its
Advisory Commission - Organization of the Council and
Advisory Commission - Its defects - In the formula-
tion of programme - In the correlation of activities-
In administrative personnel - In the interpretation of
functions In committee organization — The real ser-
vice of the Council - Its gradual decline in impor-
- Its activities as a reconstruction agency
tance
CHAPTER II
THE MOBILIZATION OF SCIENCE
Science as a factor in the prosecution of the war The Na-
tional Academy of Sciences - Its offer of service in the
interests of national preparedness Creation of the
National Research Council Its functions as defined by
executive order of the President Its organization and
activities - The Research Information Committee and
its foreign contacts - Stimulation of industrial and
scientific research - Its permanent organization - The
Naval Consulting Board-Its function the examination
and development of inventions - Its organization —
Scope of its activities
CHAPTER III
THE MOBILIZATION OF PUBLICITY AGENCIES
The Committee on Public Information - Its dual function
of censorship and publicity Control of domestic pub-
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lications
Voluntary and self-imposed censorship of
the press Publicity activities and organization of the
Committee News-Civic and educational coöperation
Syndicate features - Foreign-language newspapers
Official Bulletin of the United States. Women's war
work-Four-minute men - Public speaking - Pictures
- Films - Other services Censorship a war-time
necessity Special conditions demanding it in the
United States- - Control of radio communication as-
sumed by the Navy Military censorship of telegraph,
telephone, and submarine-cable communication with for-
eign countries - Additional powers granted by Congress
Espionage Act Trading-with-the-Enemy
Control of communications by the Censorship Board
Control of the foreign-language press by the Post Office
Department
--
Act
CHAPTER IV
THE MOBILIZATION OF FINANCE
Financial preparedness of the United States — Importance
of the income-tax amendment and the Federal Reserve
Act Revenue legislation and the issue of securities -
Dual problem of the mobilization of capital - Neces-
sary limitations on security issues - Capital Issues
Committee created by the Federal Reserve Board - Its
functions and operations - Capital Issues Committee
created by the War Finance Corporation Act — Its
duties Its powers determined by voluntary coöpera-
tion-Scope of its operations - Necessary financing of
essential war enterprises - War Finance Corporation
created Its composition and powers- Its resources
and operations - Its post-war functions-War Credits
Board of the War Department
CHAPTER V
THE MOBILIZATION OF INDUSTRY
Analysis of the problem - The two elements of marshalling
industrial resources and establishing arbitrary control
- Industrial inventories of the Naval Consulting Board
and the War Department — Organization of the Council
of National Defense - Munitions Standards Board --
General Munitions Board - The War Industries Board
Its duties, powers, and defects - Reconstitution of
the Board as an independent administrative agency·
Its powers and functions - Organization of procure-
ment through the Clearance Committee, the Requirements
Division, and the commodity sections- Organization
and unification of individual industries on a national
basis through the Chamber of Commerce of the United
States Conversion of industrial resources to war pur-
poses through the Resources and Conversion Section and
the Facilities Division - Determination of priorities in
raw materials, transportation, and finished products
through the Priorities Division - Promotion of commer-
cial economies through the Conservation Division -
Price fixing through the Price Fixing Committee - Pur-
chasing for the Allies through the Allied Purchasing
Commission Demobilization of the War Industries
Board Continuance of certain functions by other
agencies - Industrial Coöperation Service - Industrial
Board of the Department of Commerce Its abortive
effort to stabilize prices of basic materials
CHAPTER VI
THE MOBILIZATION OF FOREIGN TRADE
67
Conditions demanding rigid control of foreign trade-Im-
portation of necessary raw materials - Shortage of
shipping Supplying the Allies and rationing the neu-
trals- - Prevention of trading with the enemy - Legis-
lation establishing Government control Of exports un-
der the Espionage Act — Of imports under the Trading-
with-the-Enemy Act Administration of exports control
first vested in the Secretary of Commerce - The Exports
Council Exports Administrative Board- - Creation of
the War Trade Board and War Trade Council - Their
powers and duties - Organization and activities of the
War Trade Board Control of exports- Control of
imports Control of trading with the enemy - · Control
of bunkerage - Negotiation of trade agreements with
European neutrals - Control of exports of money, of
insurance, and of enemy patents and trade marks -
Withdrawal of restrictions after the armistice - The
Russian Bureau Incorporated of the War Trade Board. 121
CHAPTER VII
THE MOBILIZATION OF SHIPPING
Unrestricted submarine warfare and the shipping crisis -
Importance of the Shipping Act of September 7, 1916-
Creation of the United States Shipping Board - Its
organization and powers
Functions and creation of
the Emergency Fleet Corporation - Further war powers
derived from Congress - For seizure of enemy shipping
- For commandeering of ships and shipbuilding plants
- For an extensive construction programme For ad-
mission of foreign vessels to the coastwise trade - For
provision of housing facilities and transportation ser-
vices at shipyards - For control over the transfer of
vessels to alien ownership - For control over ship opera-
tion and marine transport - Operations of the Shipping
Board - Construction programme of the Emergency
Fleet Corporation - Ships secured by seizure and
requisition - Provisions for operation of ships and allo-
cation of tonnage
Recruitment and training of operat-
ing and construction forces - The labor problem The
Shipbuilding Labor Adjustment Board National Ad-
justment Commission Committee of Mariners' Wages
The Port and Harbor Facilities Commission The
Chartering Committee
CHAPTER VIII
THE MOBILIZATION OF INLAND TRANSPORTATION AND
COMMUNICATION
Situation of the railroads at the outbreak of the war
Necessity for a unified transportation system - Reversal
of Government policy - Committee on Transportation
and Communication of the Council of National Defense
The Railroads' War Board-Its important services
through voluntary coöperation - Considerations leading
to the proclamation of Government control and opera-
tion Creation of the Railroad Administration The
Railroad Control Act of March 21, 1918-Compensation
of the railroads under Government operation — The
Revolving Fund and capital expenditures - Powers of
the President to initiate rates, regulations, and prac-
tices Organization of operation under the Railroad
Administration - Federal control of inland and coast-
wise water transportation, express service, and the Pull-
man Company The labor problem - The Adamson
Act and the eight-hour day-The Railroad Wage Com-
mission and its recommended wage increases · Board
of Railway Wages and Working Conditions Railway
Boards of Adjustment - Results of Government control
of the railroads - Financial difficulties Government
control and operation of the telegraph, telephone, and
cable systems under the Post Office Department - The
movement for Government ownership of communication
facilities
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CHAPTER IX
THE MOBILIZATION OF LABOR: I, DETERMINATION OF
LABOR CONDITIONS
Deter-
Conditions of the problem arising from the shortage of labor
Its relation to the mobilization of industry
mination of labor conditions Existing agencies for
the adjustment of industrial disputes United States
Board of Mediation and Conciliation - Division of Con-
ciliation of the Department of Labor - Their services
and limitations - - Committee on Labor of the Council
of National Defense - Its fundamental principles of
industrial peace Its organization and services-
Dangerous activities of radical industrial unionism in
the West- The President's Mediation Commission
Its analysis of the causes of industrial unrest The
Arsenals and Navy Yards Wage Commission - Board
of Control for Labor Standards in Army Clothing-
Labor adjustment agencies of the Shipping Board and
the Fuel and Railroad Administrations
CHAPTER X
THE MOBILIZATION OF LABOR: II, WAR LABOR ADMIN-
ISTRATION
Conditions demanding a centralized administration for the
direction of war labor- The Secretary of Labor ap-
pointed Labor Administrator - His Advisory Council
The War Labor Conference Board - Its programme and
recommendations - Creation of the National War Labor
Board-Its organization, procedure, and services -
Creation of the War Labor Policies Board-
- Its per-
sonnel, functions, and services- The Labor Cabinet-
Problems of labor recruitment - The United States
Employment Service Its statutory authority and de-
velopment Its coöperative arrangements with the Post
Office Department and other agencies- Its organiza-
tion and operations - Its special war services
United States Boys' Working Reserve - The United
States Public Service Reserve The Farm Service Divi-
sion, Division of Stevedores and Marine Workers, and
other services Centralization of labor recruitment and
distribution under the Employment Service Com-
munity labor boards- The housing problem - Bureau
of Industrial Housing and Transportation in the
Department of Labor - The United States Housing
Corporation
The
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