sant lords are so numerous and prevalent liament, to be there allowed of and conthat they are able to cross and interrupt firmed, and receive the stamp of authority, our best endeavours for reformation, and thereby to find passage and obedience by that means give advantage to this throughout the kingdom. malignant party to traduce our proceedings?

182. They infuse into the people that we mean to abolish all Church government, and leave every man to his own fancy for the service and worship of God, absolving him of that obedience which he owes under God unto His Majesty, whom we know to be entrusted with the ecclesiastical law as well as with the temporal, to regulate all the members of the Church of England, by such rules of order and discipline as are established by Parliament, which is his great council, in all affairs both in Church and State.

183. We confess our intention is, and our endeavors have been, to reduce within bounds that exorbitant power which the prelates have assumed unto themselves, so contrary both to the Word of God and to the laws of the land, to which end we passed the Bill for the removing them. from their temporal power and employments, that so the better they might with meekness apply themselves to the discharge of their functions, which Bill themselves opposed, and were the principal in struments of crossing it.

184. And we do here declare that it is far from our purpose or desire to let loose the golden reins of discipline and government in the Church, to leave private persons or particular congregations to take up what form of Divine Service they please, for we hold it requisite that there should be throughout the whole realm a conformity to that order which the laws enjoin according to the Word of God. And we desire to unburden the consciences of men of needless and superstitious ceremonies, suppress innovations, and take away the monuments of idolatry.

185. And the better to effect the intended reformation, we desire there may be a general synod of the most grave. pious, learned and judicious divines of this island; assisted with some from foreign parts, professing the same religion with us, who may consider of all things necessary for the peace and good government of the Church, and represent the results of their consultations unto the Par

186. They have maliciously charged us that we intend to destroy and discourage learning, whereas it is our chiefest care and desire to advance it, and to provide a competent maintenance for conscionable and preaching ministers throughout the kingdom, which will be a great encouragement to scholars, and a certain means whereby the want, meanness and ignorance, to which a great part of the clergy is now subject, will be prevented.

187. And we intended likewise to reform and purge the fountains of learning, the two Universities, that the streams flowing from thence may be clear and pure, and an honour and comfort to the whole land.

188. They have strained to blast our proceedings in Parliament, by wresting the interpretations of our orders from their genuine intention.

189. They tell the people that our meddling with the power of episcopacy hath caused sectaries and conventicles, when idolatrous and Popish ceremonies, introduced into the Church by the command of the Bishops have not only debarred the people from thence, but expelled them from the kingdom.

190. Thus with Elijah, we are called by this malignant party the troublers of the State, and still, while we endeavour to reform their abuses, they make us the authors of those mischiefs we study to prevent.

191. For the perfecting of the work begun, and removing all future impediments, we conceive these courses will be very effectual, seeing the religion of the Papists hath such principles as do certainly tend to the destruction and extirpation of all Protestants, when they shall have opportunity to effect it.

192. It is necessary in the first place to keep them in such condition as that they may not be able to do us any hurt, and for avoiding of such connivance and favour as hath heretofore been shown unto them.

193. That His Majesty be pleased to grant a standing Commission to some choice men named in Parliament, who

may take notice of their increase, their counsels and proceedings, and use all due means by execution of the laws to prevent all mischievous designs against the peace and safety of this kingdom.

194. Thus some good course be taken to discover the counterfeit and false conformity of Papists to the Church, by colour whereof persons very much disaffected to the true religion have been admitted into place of greatest authority and trust in the kingdom.

195. For the better preservation of the laws and liberties of the kingdom, that all illegal grievances and exactions be presented and punished at the sessions and assizes.

196. And that Judges and Justices be very careful to give this in charge to the grand jury, and both the Sheriff and Justices to be sworn to the due execution of the Petition of Right and other laws. 197. That His Majesty be humbly petitioned by both Houses to employ such counsellors, ambassadors and other ministers, in managing his business at home and abroad as the Parliament may have cause to confide in, without which we cannot give His Majesty such supplies for support of his own estate, nor such assistance to the Protestant party beyond the sea, as is desired.

198. It may often fall out that the Commons may have just cause to take exceptions at some men for being councillors, and yet not charge those men with crimes, for there be grounds of diffidence which lie not in proof.

199. There are others, which though they may be proved, yet are not legally criminal.

200. To be a known favourer of Papists, or to have been very forward in defending or countenancing some great offenders questioned in Parliament; or to speak contemptuously of either Houses of Parliament or Parliamentary proceedings.

201. Or such as are factors or agents for any foreign prince of another religion; such are justly suspected to get councillors' places, or any other of trust concern ing public employment for money; for all these and divers others we may have great reason to be earnest with His Majesty, not to put his great affairs into such hands, though we may be unwilling to

IV. I

proceed against them in any legal way of charge or impeachment.

202. That all Councillors of State may be sworn to observe those laws which concern the subject in his liberty, that they may likewise take an oath not to receive or give reward or pension from any foreign prince, but such as they shall within some reasonable time discover to the Lords of His Majesty's Council.

203. And although they should wickedly forswear themselves, yet it may herein do good to make them known to be false and perjured to those who employ them, and thereby bring them into as little credit with them as with us.

204. That His Majesty may have cause to be in love with good counsel and good men, by shewing him in an humble and dutiful manner how full of advantage it would be to himself, to see his own estate settled in a plentiful condition to support his honour; to see his people united in ways of duty to him, and endeavours of the public good; to see happiness, wealth, peace and safety derived to his own kingdom, and procured to his allies by the influence of his own power and govern- . ment.

Granger, GIDEON, statesman; born in Suffield, Conn., July 19, 1767; graduated at Yale College in 1787; became a lawyer; Postmaster-General in 1801-14. His publications include a Fourth of July oration, and Political Essays. He died in Canandaigua, N. Y., Dec. 31, 1822.

Granger, GORDON, military officer; born in New York City, in 1821; graduated at West Point in 1845; served in the war with Mexico, and was made captain of cavalry in May, 1861. He served under Halleck and Grant in the West, and was made major general of volunteers, Sept. 17, 1862. He commanded the district of Central Kentucky, was put in command of the 4th Army Corps after the battle of Chickamauga, was engaged in the struggle on Missionary Ridge, November, 1863, and was active in the military movements that led to the capture of Mobile in 1864, for which he was brevetted major-general of the United States army. He was mustered out of the volunteer service in 1866; was promoted to colonel in the regular army the same year; and died in Santa Fé, N. M., Jan. 10, 1876. 129

Granger, MOSES MOORHEAD, lawyer; New York, and in 1889 President Harri

born in Zanesville, O., Oct. 22, 1831; graduated at Kenyon College in 1850; practised law at Zanesville from 1853 to 1861; served throughout the Civil War in the National army with much distinction, and received the brevet of colonel. He is the author of Washington Versus Jefferson, and The Case Tried by Battle in 1861-65.

OF.

Grangers. See HUSBANDRY, PATRONS

Granite State, a popular name for the State of New Hampshire, because the mountainous portions of it are largely composed of granite.

Grant, FREDERICK DENT, military officer; born in St. Louis, Mo., May 30, 1850; eldest son of Ulysses S. Grant; was with his father at various times during the Civil War; graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1871; accompanied General Sherman on his European trip in 1872; was appointed aide-de-camp on the staff of General Sheridan with the rank of lieutenant-colonel in 1873; took

FREDERICK DENT GRANT.

son appointed him minister to AustriaHungary, where he remained till 1893. He was a police commissioner in New York City through the administration of Mayor Strong. In 1898, on the call for volunteers for the war with Spain, Colonel Grant offered his services to the President, and went to the front as colonel of the 14th New York regiment. On May 27 he was appointed a brigadier-general of volunteers; served in the Porto Rico campaign; and after the war was appointed commander of the military district of San Juan. While holding this post he organized an effective police force for the city similar in plan to that of New York City. Subsequently he was ordered to the Philippine Islands, where he rendered such valuable service in operations against the insurgents, and also as an administrative officer, that on the reorganization of the regular army in February, 1901, President McKinley appointed him one of the new brigadiergenerals, he being then the only officer not in the regular army appointed to that rank.

Grant, JAMES, military officer; born in Ballendalloch, Scotland, in 1720; was major of the Montgomery Highlanders in 1757. He was in the expedition against Fort Duquesne in 1758, and in 1760 was governor of East Florida. He led an expedition against the Cherokees in May, 1761, was acting brigadier-general in the battle of Long Island in 1776, and was made major-general in 1777. He was with Howe in New Jersey and Pennsylvania in 1777. He fought the Americans at Monmouth in 1778, and in November sailed in command of troops sent against the French in the West Indies, taking St. Lucia in December. In 1791 he was made governor of Stirling Castle, and was several years in Parliament. It is said that he was such a notorious gourmand in his later life that he required his cook to sleep in the same room with him. He died April 13, 1806.

part in the campaign on the frontier Grant, ROBERT, author; born in Boston, against the Indians; accompanied his Mass., Jan. 24, 1852; graduated at father on his trip around the world; and Harvard College in 1873; later began law resigned his commission in the army in practice in his native city. He is the 1881. In 1887 he was defeated as Repub- author of Yankee Doodle; The Oldest lican candidate for secretary of state of School in America, etc.

In May,

Grant, ULYSSES SIMPSON, eighteenth of the 21st Illinois Infantry. President of the United States; named at 1861, he was appointed a brigadier-general birth HIRAM ULYSSES, but, through an of volunteers, and placed in command at error when he entered the Military Cairo. He occupied Paducah, broke up Academy, he was given the Christian the Confederate camp at Belmont, and in names which he afterwards adopted; born February, 1862, captured Forts Henry and

in Point Pleasant, O., April 27, 1822; Donelson. He was then promoted to graduated at West Point in 1843. He major general; conducted the battle of served in the war with Mexico, first under Pittsburg Landing, or Shiloh, and for a General Taylor, and then under General while was second in command to Halleck. Scott, taking part in every battle between He performed excellent service in the Vera Cruz and the city of Mexico. He West and Southwest, especially in the was made captain in 1853, and resigned vicinity of the Mississippi River, and at the next year, when he settled in St. and near the Tennessee River, in 1863. Louis. He was one of the first to offer He was promoted to lieutenant-general his services to the national government March 1, 1864, and awarded a gold medal when the Civil War broke out, but, as no by Congress. He issued his first order as notice was taken of him, became colonel general-in-chief of the armies of the Unit

dent of the United States by the Republican party, and was re-elected in 1872. He retired from the office March 4, 1877, and soon afterwards made a journey around the world, receiving great honors everywhere.

Towards the close of his life he was

ed States at Nashville, March 17, 1864. In the grand movements of the armies in 1864, he accompanied that of the Potomac, with his headquarters "in the field," and he remained with it until he signed the articles of capitulation at Appomattox Courthouse, April 9, 1865. In 1866 he was promoted to general of the United financially ruined by an unprincipled States army. After the war Grant fixed sharper. Congress created him a general his headquarters at Washington. When on the retired list; and, to make further President Johnson suspended Stanton from provision for his family, he began comthe office of Secretary of War, Grant piling Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, a was put in his place ad interim. Stan- work that was completed shortly before ton was reinstated by the Senate, Jan. 14, his death, on Mount McGregor, N. Y., 1868. In 1868, Grant was elected Presi- July 23, 1885. His remains lie in the