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Islands are continued as hereinbefore chief of that name who ruled there was a provided, said government shall pay the terror to the voyageurs upon the Missisinterest on said debt. sippi.

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There shall be no further immigration of Chinese into the Hawaiian Islands, except upon such conditions as are now or may be hereafter allowed by the laws of the United States; and no Chinese, by reason of anything herein contained, shall be allowed to enter the United States from the Hawaiian Islands.

"The President shall appoint five commissioners, at least two of whom shall be residents of the Hawaiian Islands, who shall, as soon as reasonably practicable, recommend to Congress such legislation concerning the Hawaiian Islands as they shall deem necessary or proper.

"Sec. 2. That the commissioners hereinbefore provided for shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

"Sec. 3. That the sum of $100,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, and to be immediately available, to be expended at the discretion of the President of the United States of America, for the purpose of carrying this joint resolution into effect."

This resolution was adopted in the House by a vote of 209 to 91 (49 not voting) and in the Senate by a vote of 42 to 21. Under it the President appointed the following commission: President Sanford B. Dole and Chief-Justice Walter H. Frear, of Hawaii; Senators Shelby M. Cullom (Illinois) and John T. Morgan (Alabama); and Representative Robert T. Hitt (Illinois). On Aug. 12 the United States took formal possession of the islands, Sanford B. Dole becoming territorial governor pending further legislation by Congress. See UNITED STATES, HAWAII, vol. ix.

Hawes, JOEL, clergyman; born in Medway, Mass., Dec. 22, 1789; graduated at Brown College in 1813; was pastor of the First Congregational Church in Hartford, Conn., for more than forty years. He published Tribute to the Memory of the Pilgrims; Memoir of Normand Smith; Washington and Jay, etc. He died in Gilead. Conn., June 5, 1867.

Hawk-eye State. The name is said to have been given to Iowa because an Indian

Hawkins, DEXTER ARNOLD, lawyer; born in Camden, Me., June 23, 1825; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1848; began law practice in New York City in 1854. He took a keen interest in public education and other important questions, and did much to bring about legislation favorable to them. Among his publications are reports on Sectarian Appropriations of Public Moneys and Property; Duty of the State to protect the Free Common Schools by Organic Law; Extravagance of the Tammany Ring. His other works include Donations of Public Property to Private Corporations, and the Illegal Exemption of the Same from Taxation (which led to an amendment of the New York constitution prohibiting such appropriations); The Roman Catholic Church in New York City and the Public Land and Public Money; Free Trade and Protection; The Redemption of the Trade Dollar; The Silver Problem, etc. He died in New York City, July 24, 1886.

Hawkins, ERNEST, author; born in England about 1802; graduated at Oxford University in 1824, and became a clergyman. He was the author of Notices of the Church of England's Missions to the North American Colonies Previous to the Independence of the United States; Annals of the Colonial Church, etc. He died in 1868.

Hawkins, SIR JOHN, naval officer; born in Plymouth, England, in 1520; carried a cargo of 300 slaves from Guinea in 1562, and sold them in Cuba. In 1564 he attempted to capture and enslave a whole town near Sierra Leone, and narrowly escaped being captured himself and sold into slavery. Hawkins was filled with the most pious reflections at his escape, and in his narrative (which is the first English narrative of American adventure printed) he says: "God, who worketh all things for the best, would not have it so, and by Him we escaped without danger. His name be praised for it." His second cargo of slaves he sold in Venezuela and elsewhere. In this second voyage he coasted the peninsula of Florida, and gives a fairly detailed account of it in his narrative. He made a third voy

age in 1568, and in spite of the King of Porto Rico successfully defied him, and, Spain's prohibition, sold his cargoes of much depressed at his reverses, he died slaves to advantage. In the port of San at sea, Nov. 21, 1595. Juan de Ulloa he met a Spanish fleet much stronger than his own. He made a born in Baltimore, Md., Oct. 22, 1823; solemn compact of mutual forbearance was ordained in the Protestant Episcopal

Hawkins, WILLIAM GEORGE, clergyman;

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noted preacher, and held pastorates in im- Hartford, Conn., in 1850. He was a capportant churches, including St. Thomas's tain in the 1st Connecticut Regiment in in New York City, of which he was rector the battle of Bull Run; and was active in 1831-43. He was the author of Re- under General Terry on the coasts of South ports of Cases adjudged in the Supreme Carolina and Florida. He commanded a Court of North Carolina; Contributions to brigade in the battle of Olustee, Fla.; the Ecclesiastical History of the United joined the army of the James, under States of America: vol. i., On the Early Terry, and participated in the campaigns Church in Virginia; vol. ii., On the Church against Petersburg and Richmond; was in Maryland; Commentary on the Consti- made brigadier-general, and became Tertution and Canons of the Protestant ry's chief of staff in Virginia. He was Episcopal Church in the United States; brevetted major-general of volunteers in History of North Carolina, etc. He was also editor of State Papers of Gen. Alexander Hamilton; Perry's Expedition to the China Seas and Japan; vols. i. and ii. of the Documentary History of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States (with Rev. William S. Perry), etc. He died in New York City, Sept. 26, 1866.

Hawley, CHARLES, author; born in Catskill, N. Y.. Aug. 19, 1819; graduated at Williams College in 1840, and at the Union Theological Seminary in 1844: pastor of a Presbyterian church in Auburn, N. Y., in 1858-85; and a special United States commissioner to Denmark in 1867. He was the author of Early Chapters of Cayuga History; Early Chapters of Seneca History; History of First Presbyterian Church of Auburn, N. Y. He died in Auburn, N. Y., Nov. 26, 1885.

Hawley, JOSEPH, statesman; born in Northampton, Mass., Oct. 8, 1723; graduated at Yale College in 1742; studied theology, but abandoned it for law, and in that practice arose to distinction rapidly. Early espousing the republican cause, he was regarded as one of its ablest advocates. He steadily refused a proffered seat in the governor's council, but served in the Assembly from 1764 to 1776, where he was distinguished for his bold and manly eloquence. He was chairman of the committee of the first provincial congress of Massachusetts (October, 1774) to consider the state of the country. Mr. Hawley remained in public life until failing health compelled him to retire, and died in Hampshire county, Mass., March 10, 1788.

1865, and in 1866-67 was governor of Connecticut. He was president of the "Centennial Commission," and performed the duties with great efficiency and masterly skill (see CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION).

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JOSEPH ROSWELL HAWLEY.

He was elected to Congress in 1872, and to the United States Senate in 1880, 1887, 1893, and 1899. General Hawley was actively engaged in journalism from 1857.

Hawthorne, NATHANIEL, author; born in Salem, Mass., July 4, 1804; was graduated at Bowdoin College in 1825. His first novel was published anonymously in Hawley, JOSEPH ROSWELL, statesman; Boston in 1832. In 1837 a number of his born in Stewartsville, N. C., Oct. 31, tales and sketches were published under 1826; graduated at Hamilton College in the title of Twice-told Tales. A second 1847, and began the practice of law in series appeared in 1842. From 1838 to

1841, he held a place in the Boston College in 1898; appointed United States custom house. Afterwards he lived at consul at Pretoria, South African ReBrook Farm, a community of literary public, in 1899, and served till November, men and philosophers (see BROOK FARM 1900. During this brief period he won ASSOCIATION). Marrying in 1843, he high praise from British and Boers alike took up his abode at Concord. He be- for the impartial and humane manner in came surveyor of the port of Salem. He which he executed his official duties, and afterwards settled in Lenox, Mass., and for the personal services he rendered the in 1852 returned to Concord. In 1853 he sick and wounded of the belligerents. At became United States consul at Liver- the time of his death he had been appointpool, which place he resigned in 1857. ed assistant private secretary to PresiHis most popular writings are The Scar- dent McKinley, and was to have entered let Letter, and The House of the Seven on that service on July 1. He died in

NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE.

Gables. Septimus; American Note-Books;
English Note-Books, etc., appeared after
his death, which occurred in Plymouth,
N. H., May 19, 1864.

Hay, ADELBERT STONE, consul; born in
Cleveland, O., in 1876; son of John Hay,
Secretary of State; graduated at Yale

New Haven, Conn., June 23, 1901.

Hay, CHARLES, LORD. See LOUDOUN, JOHN CAMPBELL, EARL OF.

Hay, JOHN, statesman; born in Salem, Ind., Oct. 8, 1838; studied in an academy in Springfield, Ill., and graduated at Brown University in 1858; studied law and was admitted to the Illinois bar. He was a friend of Abraham Lincoln, whom he accompanied to Washington at the time of his inauguration, and served as his assistant private secretary till 1863, when he joined General Hunter in South Carolina as aide-decamp. In the same year he was appointed assistant adjutant-general, and assigned to the staff of GEN. QUINCY A. GILLMORE (q. v.), and was subsequently ordered to duty at the White House, where he remained until President Lincoln's assassination. Later he was brevetted colonel of volunteers. In 1865-67 he was secretary of legation in Paris; in 1867-68 at Vienna; and then till 1870 at Madrid. During 1870-75 he was an editorial writer on the New York Tribune: then removed to Cleveland. He was active in the Republican Presidential campaigns

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of 1876, 1880, and 1884; was first assistant Secretary of State in 1879-81; in the latter year was president of the international sanitary congress in Washington; in 189798 was ambassador to Great Britain; and in September of the latter year was appointed Secretary of State to succeed JUDGE

WILLIAM R. DAY

BIRTHPLACE OF NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE.

(q. v.). His publications include Castil- alogies; Massacre of Wyoming; Pollock ian Days; Pike County Ballads; and Memorial, etc. Abraham Lincoln: a History (with John G. Nicolay).

JOHN HAY

Hayden, HORACE EDWIN, clergyman; born in Catonsville, Md., Feb. 18, 1837; served in the Confederate army in 186165; graduated at the Virginia Theological Seminary in 1867; ordained in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the following year; and held various pastorates. He is the author of History of the West Virginia Soldiers' Medals; Virginia Gene

Hayes, ISAAC ISRAEL, explorer; born in Chester county, Pa., March 5, 1832; graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1853. He was surgeon of the second Grinnell expedition to the polar seas under DR. ELISHA KENT KANE (q. v.). Satisfied of the existence of an open polar sea, he wrote and lectured on the subject on his return. He excited such interest in the subject that, with the aid of subscriptions in Europe and the United States, he was enabled to fit out the steamer United States, of 133 tons, in which he sailed from Boston, July 9, 1860. with thirteen other persons, for the Arctie regions. They anchored, after a perilous voyage, in Port Foulke, on the west coast of Greenland, in lat. 78° 17', on Sept. 9, where they wintered. In April, 1861, with twelve men and fourteen dogs, he pushed northward over the ice in a boat; but finally the vessel was sent back, and Dr. Hayes, with three companions and two dog-sledges, pressed on to land in lat. 81° 37', beyond which they discov ered open water. The expedition returned to Boston in October. Dr. Hayes found his country in civil war, and he served in it as a surgeon. In 1867 he published an account of his expedition, under the title of The Open Polar Sea; and the Royal Geographical Society of London and the Geographical Society of Paris each presented to him a gold medal. In 1869 he

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