found good ground for corne and other bases, and barbils; and returned in an garden herbs, with great store of goodly houre. We rode still all night. oakes, and walnut-trees, and chest-nut trees, ewe trees, and trees of sweet wood in great abundance, and great store of slate for houses, and other good stones. The sixe and twentieth was faire weather, and the wind at south a stiffe gale; wee rode still. In the morning our carpenter went on land, with our masters mate and foure more of our companie, to cut wood. This morning, two canoes came up the river from the place where we first found loving people, and in one of them was the old man that had lyen aboord of us at the other place. He brought another old man with him, which brought more stropes of beades and gave them to our master, and shewed him all the countrey there about as though it were at his command. So he made the two old men dine with him, and the old mans wife: for they brought two old women, and two young maidens of the age of sixteene or seventeene yeares with them, who behaved themselves very modestly. Our master gave one of the old men a knife, and they gave him and us tabacco. And at one of the clocke they departed downe the river, making signes that wee should come downe to them; for wee were within two leagues of the place where they dwelt. The seven and twentieth, in the morning, was faire weather, but much wind at the north; we weighed and set our fore top-sayle, and our ship would not flat, but ran on the ozie banke at half ebbe. Wee layed out anchor to heave her off, but could not. So wee sate from halfe ebbe to halfe floud: then wee set our fore-sayle and mayne top-sail, and got downe sixe leagues. The old man came aboord, and would have had us anchor, and goe on land to eate with him: but the wind being faire, we would not yeeld to his request; so he left us, being very sorrowful for our departure. At five of the clocke in the afternoone, the wind came to the south south-west. So wee made a boord or two, and anchored in fourteen fathomes water. Then our boat went on shoare to fish right against the ship. Our masters mate and boatswaine, and three more of the companie, went on land to fish, but could not finde a good place. They tooke four or five and twentie mullets, breames, The eight and twentieth, being faire weather, as soon as the day was light, wee weighed at halfe ebbe, and turned downe two leagues belowe water; for the streame doth runne the last quarter ebbe: then we anchored till high water. At three of the clocke in the after-noone we weighed, and turned downe three leagues, untill it was darke: then wee anchored. The nine and twentieth was drie close weather; the wind at south, and south and by west; we weighed early in the morning, and turned downe three leagues by a lowe water, and anchored at the lower end of the long reach: for it is sixe leagues long. Then there came certaine Indians in a canoe to us, but would not come aboord. After dinner there came the canoe with other men, whereoff three came aboord us. At three of the clocke in the after-noone wee weighed, as soone as the ebbe came, and turned downe to the edge of the mountaines, or the northermost of the mountaines, and anchored: because the high land hath many points, and a narrow channel, and hath manie eddie winds. So we rode quietly all night in seven fathoms water. The thirtieth was faire weather, and the wind at south-east, a stiffe gale betweene the mountaynes. We rode still the afternoone. The people of the countrey came aboord us and brought some small skinnes with them, which we bought for knives and trifles. This is a very pleasant place to build a towne on. The road is very neere, and very good for all windes, save an east north-east wind. The mountaynes look as if some metall or minerall were in them. For the trees that grow on them were all blasted, and some of them barren, with few or no trees on them. The people brought a stone aboord like to an emery (a stone used by glasiers to cut glasse), it would cut iron or steele: yet being bruised small, and water put to it, it made a color like blacke lead glistering: it is also good for painters colours. At three of the clocke they departed, and we rode still all night. The first of October, faire weather, the wind variable betweene the west and the north. In the morning we weighed at seven of the clocke with the ebbe, and was got downe below the mountaynes, which ground: and hard by it there was a cliffe, seven leagues. Then it fell calme that looked of the colour of a white and the floud was come, and wee anchored greene, as though it were either copper at twelve of the clocke. The people of or silver myne: and I thinke it to be the mountaynes came aboord us, wonder- one of them, by the trees that grow upon ing at our ship and weapons. We bought it. For they be all burned, and the other some small skinnes of them for trifles. places are greene as grasse; it is on This afternoone, one canoe kept hanging that side of the river that is called under our sterne with one man in it, Manna - hata. There we saw no people which we could not keepe from thence, to trouble us: and rode quietly all night; who got up by our rudder to the cabin but had much wind and raine. window, and stole out my pillow, and two The third, was very stormie; the wind shirts, and two bandeleeres. Our master at east north-east. In the morning, in mate shot at him, and strooke him on the a gust of wind and raine, our anchor brest, and killed him. Whereupon all the came home, and we drove on ground, but rest fled away, some in their canoes, and it was ozie. Then as We were about so leapt out of them into the water. We to heave out an anchor, the wind came manned our boat, and got our things to the north north-west, and drove us againe. Then one of them that swamme off againe. Then we shot an anchor, got hold of our boat, thinking to over- and let it fall in foure fathomes water, throw it. But our cooke tooke a sword, and weighed the other. Wee had much and cut off one of his hands, and he was winde and raine, with thicke weather; so drowned. By this time the ebbe we roade still all night. come, and we weighed and got downe two leagues: by that time it was darke. So we anchored in foure fathomes water, and rode well. was The fourth, was faire weather, and the wind at north north-west; wee weighed and came out of the river, into which we had runne so farre. Within a while after, wee came out also of the great mouth of the great river, that runneth up to the north-west, borrowing upon the norther side of the same, thinking to have deepe water; for we had sounded a great way with our boat at our first going in, and found seven, six, and five fathomes. So we came out that way, but we were deceived, for we had but eight foot and an halfe water: and so three, five, three, and two fathomes and an halfe. And then three, foure, five, sixe, seven, eight, nine and ten fathomes. And by twelve of the clocke we were cleere of all the inlet. Then we took in our boat, and set our mayne-sayle, and sprit-sayle, and our topsayles, and steered away east south-east, and south-east by east off into the mayne sea: and the land on the souther side of the bay or inlet did beare at noone west and by south foure leagues from us. The second, faire weather. At break of day wee weighed, the winde being at north-west, and got downe seven leagues; then the floud was come strong, so we anchored. Then came one of the savages that swamme away from us at our going up the river with many other, thinking to betray us. But wee perceived their intent, and suffered none of them to enter our ship. Whereupon two canoes full of men, with their bowes and arrows shot at us after our sterne: in recompence whereof we discharged sixe muskets, and killed two or three of them. Then above an hundred of them came to a point of land to shoot at us. There I shot a falcon at them, and killed two of them: whereupon the rest fled into the woods. Yet they manned off another canoe with nine or ten men, which came to meet us. So I shot at it also a falcon, and shot it through, and killed one of them. Then our men with their muskets killed three wind variable betweene the north and the or foure more of them. So they went their way: within a while after wee got downe two leagues beyond that place, and anchored in the bay, cleere from all danger of them on the other side of the river, where we saw a very good piece of The fifth was faire weather, and the east. Wee held on our course south-east by east. At noone I observed and found our height to bee 39 degrees, 30 minutes. Our compasse varied sixe degrees to the west. We continued our course toward Eng land, without seeing any land by the way, thy Pickering. The task was performed all the rest of this moneth of October: in six weeks. The links were carted to and on the seventh day of November, stilo novo, being Saturday, by the grace of God we safely arrived in the range of Dartmouth, in Devonshire, in the yeere 1609. New Windsor, where, at Captain Machin's forges, they were put together, and the whole floated down the river to West Point on logs late in April. The links weighed from 100 to 150 lbs. each. The Hudson River Chain. The obstruc- length of the chain was 1,500 feet, tion of the Hudson River, to prevent and its entire weight was 186 tons. The British vessels passing up during the logs that buoyed it were placed transverseRevolutionary War, and thus defeat the ly with the chain, a few feet apart, and ministerial project for dividing the Union, their ends secured by chains and strong occupied much of the attention of the pa- timbers. The ends were made secure to triots. First there were vessels sunk, and the rocks on both shores. Fort Constitua sort of chevaux-de-frise constructed in tion, on Constitution Island, defended one the channel between Fort Washington, end, and a small battery the other. In on Manhattan Island, and the Palisades. winter it was drawn on shore by a wind Chevaux-de-frise were placed in the channel between Pollopel's Island and the western shore of the river, just above the upper entrance to the Highlands. A chain and boom were stretched across the river from Anthony's Nose to Fort Montgomery, at the lower entrance to the Highlands. In the spring of 1778 the most notable of all these obstructions, a heavy chain supported by huge logs, was stretched across the Hudson from West Point to Constitution Island, opposite. It was constructed at the Stirling Iron Works, in Warwick, Orange co., by Peter Townsend, under the supervision of Timo lass, and replaced in the spring. The British never attempted to disturb it; but it is said Benedict Arnold, when he prepared for the consummation of his treason, took measures for weakening the chain-how, is not stated. Huger, ISAAC, military officer; born on Limerick Plantation, S. C., March 19, 1742. He and his four brothers-Daniel, John, Francis, and Benjamin-were distinguished in the struggle for independence, the latter falling in the lines at Charleston, May 11, 1780. They were of Huguenot descent. Isaac was in the Cherokee expedition in 1760, and entered Richmond State Journal. He was United States district-attorney for western Virginia in 1871–73; Republican candidate for governor of Virginia in 1873; and author of Law Reports; The Currency Question from a Southern Point of View; The American Dollar; and lives of Generals Floyd and Johnston in Pollard's Lee and his Lieutenants. the patriot army of South Carolina as Richmond Republic in 1865-6, and the lieutenant-colonel in June, 1775. He rose to brigadier-general in January, 1779, for active and gallant services. In the attack on Savannah, in the fall of that year, he led the Georgia and South Carolina militia. His force was defeated and dispersed by Tarleton at Monk's Corner, S. C. He distinguished himself under Greene, especially at Guilford and HoвKIRK'S HILL (q. v.). He died in Charleston, S. C., Oct. 17, 1797. Hughes, CHARLES HAMILTON, physician; born in St. Louis, Mo., May 23, 1839; graduated at St. Louis Medical College in 1859; army surgeon and superintendent of military hospitals during the Civil War; president of numerous medical associations; and author of Up with the Flag; The Great of Humble Birth in History; and many medical and literary works. Hughes, ROBERT P., military officer; born in Pennsylvania, April 11, 1839; entered the volunteer army as a private in the 12th Pennsylvania Infantry, April 25, 1861; became captain in the 85th Pennsylvania Infantry, May 20, 1862; lieutenant-colonel of the 199th Pennsylvania Infantry, Dec. 7, 1864; was brevetted colonel, April 2, 1865; and mustered out of the service, June 28, following. On July 28, 1866, he was commissioned a captain in the 18th United States Infantry; in 1870 was assigned to the 3d United States Infantry; in 1886 became major and inspector-general; and on Aug. 31, 1888, colonel and inspector-general. At the beginning of the war with Spain he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers; was honorably discharged under that commission, and reappointed to the same rank, April 16, 1899; and on the reorganization of the regular army in February, 1901, he was appointed one of the new brigadier-generals. His later service has been in the Philippine Islands, where he was particularly effective in clearing the Province of Iloilo of insurgents in the latter part of December, 1899. Huguenot Society of America, THE. This society was organized April 12, 1883, and has its office in New York at No. 105 East Twenty-second Street. President, Frederic J. De Peyster; vicepresidents, William Jay, Rev. Lea Luquer, Henry M. Lester, A. T. Clearwater, Nathaniel Thayer, Richard Olney, William Ely, Col. R. L. Maury, Rev. A. H. Demarest, Herbert Du Puy; treasurer, Henry Cotheal Swords; secretary, Mrs. James M. Lawton. Descent from Huguenot ancestors is the qualification necessary for membership. Huguenots. The name of Huguenot was first given to the Protestants of France who favored the Reformation, but afterwards it was confined to the Calvinists, or followers of John Calvin, who was the morning-star of the Reformation in that country. Under his teaching the number of Protestants in France rapidly increased from 1528 to 1559, when the great synod held in May adopted Calvin's ideas of church government and discipline, as well as doctrine, in an embodied confession of faith. The Huguenots were then so strong that they confidently expected to be the dominant party in the state in time. They included some of the royal family and many of the nobility. Among the latter was Gaspard de Coligni, admiral of France, a man respected by both parties, a brave and patriotic soldier and sailor, and for a while the favorite of the queen mother and regent of France, Catharine de' Medici. In 1555 he formed a project of a settlement for the persecuted Huguenots in America; and in that year Henry II. furnished two ships, commanded by Hughes, ROBERT WILLIAM, lawyer; the Chevalier de Villagagnon, who, with born in Powhatan county, Va., June 16, a small Protestant colony, sailed from 1821; educated at the Caldwell Insti- Havre-de-Grace in May, 1555, and reached tute, North Carolina; taught school in the bay of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in SepNorth Carolina in 1840-42; editor of the tember. Coligni provided ministers for his Richmond (Va.) Examiner in 1852-57, the colony, and in a synod that year, held at Geneva, of which Calvin was president, the church determined to send two ministers to Brazil. The enterprise was a failure. On the death of Henry, Queen Catharine became regent of the kingdom during the minority of her son Charles. She cared nothing for religion, but had espoused the cause of the Protestants because the leader of the Roman Catholics was the Duke of Guise, a descendant of Charlemagne, and a claimant of a right to the French throne. The Protestants were still suffering greatly from persecution, and late in 1561 Coligni sought permission from Catharine to provide a refuge for them in the wilds of America. She readily granted all he desired, and early in 1562 he sent John Ribault, an expert mariner of Dieppe, with two caravels (small two-masted ships without whole decks), with sailors and soldiers, and a few gentlemen of fortune, who were prompted by a love of adventure and the prospect of gain to seek a place wherein to plant a colony. They arrived off the coast of Anastasia Island (it is supposed), below the site of IV.-2 F St. Augustine, at the close of April. Sailing along the "sweet-smelling coast" of Florida, northward, the two vessels entered a river which was named Mary, and were kindly received by the natives when they landed. The Frenchmen were delighted with everything they beheld-the climate; the forest, redolent with the perfume of the magnolia; birds with gorgeous plumage and sweetest notes; and "people of the finest forms and kindest natures." In the presence of half-naked, wondering semi- worshippers, the Christians knelt in the shadows of a flowerla den magnolia - tree, and offered thanksgivings to God for their safe voyage. At twilight they returned to their ships; and the next morning conveyed a stone column, on which were carved the arms of France, planted it on a flowery knoll, and in the usual manner took possession of the country in the name of the boy-king Charles IX., son of Catharine. 449 A few days later they sailed northward, entered a broad sound which they named Port Royal, on the coast of South Caro |