convention to frame the Constitution of the United States; and in 1805-14 held a seat in the United States Senate. He died in Exeter, N. H., May 2, 1814.

Gilman, NICHOLAS PAINE, educator; born in Quincy, Ill., Dec. 21, 1849; was graduated at Harvard Divinity School in 1871; became Professor of Sociology and Ethics in the Meadville Theological School in 1895. He published Socialism and the American Spirit, etc..

Gilmer, GEORGE ROCKINGHAM, lawyer; born in Wilkes (now Oglethorpe) county, Ga., April 11, 1790. He was made lieutenant of the 43d Infantry in 1813, and sent against the Creek Indians; was governor of Georgia in 1829-31 and 1837-39. He was the author of Georgians (a historical work). He died in Lexington, Ga., Nov. 15, 1859.

Gilmor, HARRY, military officer; born in Baltimore county, Md., Jan. 24, 1838; entered the Confederate army at the beginning of the Civil War. In September, 1862, he was captured and held prisoner at Fort McHenry for five months; and in May, 1863, he recruited a battalion of cavalry and was commissioned major. He was the author of Four Years in the Saddle. He died in Baltimore, Md., March 4, 1883.

dered in 1863, although the spirit of patriotism had somewhat waned, he recruited the 18th Infantry, the 1st Heavy Artillery, and the 1st Cavalry, which brought the whole number of New Hampshire troops supplied during the war up to 31,000, about 10 per cent. of the population. He died in Concord, N. H., April 17, 1867.

Gilmore, PATRICK SARSFIELD, musician and composer; born near Dublin, Ireland, Dec. 25, 1830; was employed for a short time in a mercantile house in Athlone, when his employer, having noticed his remarkable taste for music, hired him to instruct his son in music. In 1849 he came to the United States, went to Boston, and became the leader of a band. His fame as a cornet player soon spread throughout the country. After having been bandmaster in nearly 1,000 concerts he established in 1858 what became popularly known as Gilmore's Band, and which later gave concerts throughout the United States and in more than half of Europe. When the Civil War broke out Gilmore and his band volunteered and went to the front with the 24th Massachusetts Regiment. He was with General Burnside in North Carolina, and later, while in New Orleans, General Banks placed him in charge of all the bands in the Department of the Gulf. After the war he returned to Boston and resumed his profession. In 1869 he organized a great peace jubilee in Boston, in which over 20,000 people, 2,000 musicians, and the best military bands of Europe took part. He conducted a similar grand musical event in 1872. In 1873 he removed to New York, and became bandmaster of the 22d Regiment. During 1873-76 he gave more than 600 concerts in what was known as Gilmore's Garden. In the latter year his band was employed to play at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. the band to Europe. where he gave concerts in all the principal cities. Two days before his death he was appointed musical director of the World's Columbian Exposition. Among his most popular Gilmore, JOSEPH ALBREE, war gov. compositions are Good News from Home; ernor"; born in Weston, Vt., June 10, When Johnny Comes Marching Home; and 1811; settled in Concord, N. H., in 1842; The Voice of the Departing Soul, or Death elected governor of New Hampshire in at the Door (which was rendered at his 1863 and 1864. When a draft was or- own funeral). His anthems are Co

Gilmore, JAMES ROBERTS, author; born in Boston, Mass., Sept. 10, 1823; turned his attention to literary work. In July, 1864, with Colonel Jaquess he was sent on an unofficial mission to the Confederate government to see if peace could be established. Jefferson Davis gave answer that no proposition of peace would be consider ed except the independence of the Confederacy. The result of this mission was the destruction of the Northern peace party' and the certainty of Lincoln's re-election. Mr. Gilmore's publications include My Southern Friends; Down in Tennessee; Life of Garfield; The Rear-Guard of the Revolution; Among the Pines (a novel which had a remarkable sale); John Sevier as a Commonwealth Builder; The Advance-Guard of Western Civilization,

etc.

Later he took

lumbia; Ireland to England; and a na- morality, leaving them to adopt their own tional air for the republic of Brazil. He religious opinions. The beneficiaries are died in St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 24, 1892.

Gilpin, HENRY DILWOOD, lawyer; born in Lancaster, England, April 14, 1801; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1819; began law practice in Philadelphia in 1822; was Attorney-General of the United States in 1840-41. His publications include Reports of Cases in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 182836; Opinions of the Attorney-Generals of the United States, from the Beginning of the Government to 1841. He also edited The Papers of James Madison. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 29, 1860.

admitted between the age of six and ten years; fed, clothed, and educated; and between the age of fourteen and eighteen are bound out to mechanical, agricultural, or commercial occupations. At the end of 1900 the college reported sixty-seven professors and instructors; 1,731 students, 16,800 volumes in the library, 4,754 graduates, and $15,958,293 in productive funds. A. H. Fetterolf, LL.D., was president.

Girty, SIMON, partisan; born in Pennsylvania about 1750; was a spy for the British at Fort Pitt in 1774. When the Revolutionary War broke out he became a leader of the Indians and took part in numerous atrocities. In 1778 he went to Detroit, inciting the Indians on the way to hostility against the United States.

FORD (q. v.) was tortured to death by the savages, and it is alleged that he manifested joy in Crawford's agony. In 1791 he was present at the defeat of Gen. Arthur St. Clair, and while Gen. William Butler lay wounded he ordered an Indian to kill and scalp him. He also took up the cause of the British in the War of 1812. He died in Canada about 1815.

Girard College. See GIRARD, STEPHEN.

Girard, STEPHEN, philanthropist; born near Bordeaux, France, May 24, 1750; engaged in the merchant service in early life; established himself in mercantile He was present when COL. WILLIAM CRAWbusiness in Philadelphia in 1769, and traded to the West Indies until the beginning of the Revolutionary War. Resuming his West India trade after the war, he accumulated a large fortune; but the foundation of his great wealth was laid by events of the negro insurrection in Santo Domingo. Two of his vessels being there, planters placed their effects on board of them, but lost their lives in the massacre that ensued The property of owners that could not be found was left in Girard's possession. In 1812 he bought the building and much of the stock of the old United States Bank, and began business as a private banker. He amassed a large fortune, and at his death, in Philadelphia, Dec. 26, 1831, left property valued at almost $9,000,000. Besides large bequests to public institutions, he gave to Philadelphia $500,000 for the improvement of the city. His most noteworthy gift was $2,000,000 and a plot of ground in Philadelphia for the erection and support of a college for orphans, which was opened Jan. 1, 1848. In it as many poor white orphan boys as the endowment will support are admitted. By a provision of the will of the founder, no ecclesiastic, missionary, or minister of any sect whatever is to hold any connection with the college, or be admitted to the premises as a visitor; but the officers of the institution are required to instruct Gist, MORDECAI, military officer; born the pupils in the purest principles of in Baltimore, Md., in 1743; was captain

MORDECAI GIST.

was in a strong position on Malvern Hill, about 18 miles from Richmond.

Glenn, JAMES, colonial governor; was governor of South Carolina in 1744–55; made a treaty with the Cherokee Indians by which a large piece of territory was ceded to the British government. He was the author of A Description of South Carolina.

ing 350 sick and wounded behind, and some disabled guns. At the same time a sharp battle had been going on at Glen- Glendy, JOHN, clergyman; born in Londale, or Nelson's, or Frazier's Farm, about donderry, Ireland, June 24, 1755; edu2 miles distant. cated at the University of Glasgow; came Near Willis's Church General McCall's to the United States in 1799, and settled division was posted in reserve, General in Norfolk, Va.; was chaplain of the Meade's division on the right, Seymour's House of Representatives in 1815-16. He on the left, and that of Reynolds (who was the author of Oration in Commemorawas a prisoner) under Col. S. G. Sim- tion of Washington. He died in Philamons. The artillery was all in front of delphia, Pa., Oct. 4, 1832. the line. Sumner was some distance to the left, with Sedgwick's division; Hooker was at Sumner's left; and Kearny was at the right of McCall. Longstreet and Hill had tried to intercept McClellan's army there, but were too late, and found themselves confronted by these Nationals. General Lee and Jefferson Davis were with Longstreet. The Confederates waited for Magruder to come up, and it was between three and four o'clock in the afternoon before they began an attack. Longstreet then fell heavily upon McCall's Pennsylvania reserves, 6,000 strong. He was repulsed by four regiments, led by Colonel Simmons, who captured 200 of his men and drove them back to the woods. Then the fugitives turned, and, by a murderous fire, made the pursuers recoil and flee to the forest. In that encounter the slaughter was dreadful.

Glisson, OLIVER S., naval officer; born in Ohio in 1809; entered the navy in 1826; in 1862 was commander of the Mount Vernon, which rescued the transport Mississippi, on which were General Butler and 1,500 men. This vessel had grounded on the Frying-Pan Shoals, off North Carolina, while on the way to New Orleans. He was promoted rear-admiral in 1870; retired in 1871. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 20, 1890.

Glover, JOHN, military officer; born in Salem, Mass., Nov. 5, 1732; at the beginning of the Revolution raised 1,000 men The first struggle was quickly followed at Marblehead and joined the army at by others. The contending lines swayed Cambridge. His regiment, being comin charges and counter-charges for two posed almost wholly of fishermen, was hours. The Confederates tried to break called the "Amphibious Regiment," and the National line. Finally General in the retreat from Long Island it manned Meagher appeared with his Irish brigade, the boats. It also manned the boats at and made such a desperate charge across the crossing of the Delaware before the an open field that the Confederates were victory at Trenton. Glover was made driven to the woods. Then Randall's bat- brigadier-general in February, 1777, and tery was captured by the Confederates, joined the Northern army under General when McCall and Meade fought desperate- Schuyler. He did good service in the camly for the recovery of the guns and carried paign of that year, and led Burgoyne's them back. Meade had been severely captive troops to Cambridge. He was wounded. Just at dark McCall was capt- afterwards with Greene in New Jersey, ured, and the command devolved on Sey- and Sullivan in Rhode Island. He died in mour. Very soon afterwards troops of Marblehead, Jan. 30, 1797. Hooker and Kearny came to help the re- Glynn, JAMES, naval officer; born about serves, the Confederates were driven to 1800; joined the navy in March, 1815; the woods, and the battle at Glendale served in the Mexican War. In June, ended. Before dawn the next morning 1846, eighteen Americans were wrecked the National troops were all silently with- in Yeddo and made prisoners in Nagasaki, drawn; and early the next day the Army Japan. Later Glynn, in command of the of the Potomac, united for the first time Preble, ran within a mile of Nagasaki, and since the Chickahominy first divided it, through the urgency of his demand

racy; Reflections and Comments, etc.

secured the release of all the seamen. racy; Unforeseen Tendencies of DemocThis success led Glynn to propose that the United States attempt to open trade with Japan by diplomacy, supported by a large naval force. The plan was later successfully carried out under the direction of Commodore Perry. Glynn was promoted captain in 1855. He died, May 13, 1871.

Gmeiner, JOHN, clergyman; born in Baernan, Bavaria, Dec. 5, 1847; came to the United States in 1849 with his parents, who settled in Milwaukee, Wis.; was ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1870; became Professor of Ecclesiastical History and Homiletics in the Seminary of St. Francis of Sales, Milwaukee, in 1876. His publications include The Church and the Various Nationalities of the United States, etc.

Gobin, JOHN P. S., lawyer; born in Sunbury, Pa., Jan. 26, 1837; attained the rank of brevet brigadier-general of volunteers in the Civil War; was elected commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic in 1897; commissioned a majorgeneral of volunteers in 1898.

"God Save the King (or Queen)," the national hymn of Great Britain; supposed by some authorities to have been written early in the eighteenth century as a Jacobite song, and the air to which it was sung has been, by some, attributed to Handel. It was sung with as much unction in the English-American colonies as in England until the mother country began to oppress her children in the Western World. The air did not originate with Handel in the reign of George I., for it existed in the reign of Louis XIV. of France. Even the words are almost a literal translation of a canticle which was sung by the maidens of St. Cyr whenever King Louis entered the chapel of that establishment to hear the morning prayer. The author of the words was M. de Brinon, and the music was by the eminent Lulli, the founder of the French opera. The following is a copy of the words:

"Grand Dieu sauve le Roi!
Grand Dieu venge le Roi!

Vive le Roi!

Que toujours glorieux,
Louis victorieux !
Voye ses ennemis

Toujours soumis!
Grand Dieu sauve le Roi!
Grand Dieu venge le Roi!
Vive le Roi !"

Godfrey, THOMAS, inventor; born in Bristol, Pa., in 1704; was by trade a glazier, and became a self-taught mathematician. In 1730 he communicated to James Logan, who had befriended him, an improvement on Davis's quadrant. In May, 1742, Logan addressed a letter to This air was sung by the vine-dressers of Dr. Edmund Hadley, in England, describ- France until kingcraft lost its hold upon ing fully Godfrey's instrument. Hadley the people. Other authorities credit did not notice it, when Logan sent a copy Henry Carey with the authorship of both of this letter to Hadley, together with words and music of the English hymn. Godfrey's account of his inventions, to a The music of the American national hymn, friend, to be placed before the Royal So- My Country, 'tis of Thee (words by the ciety. Hadley, the vice-president, had late Rev. Samuel Francis Smith, D.D.), presented a paper, a year before, describ- is the same as that of God Save the King ing a reflecting-quadrant like Godfrey's. (or Queen). They both seem to have hit upon the same invention; and the society, deciding that both were entitled to the honor, sent Godfrey household furniture of the value of $1,000. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., in December, 1749.

Godkin, EDWIN LAWRENCE, journalist; born in Ireland, Oct. 2, 1831; graduated at Queen's College, Belfast, in 1851; was the first editor of the Nation, which was merged with the New York Evening Post in 1882, which he also edited till 1899. He is the author of Problems of Democ

Godwin, PARKE, author; born in Paterson, N. J., Feb. 25, 1816; graduated at Princeton in 1834; one of the editors of the New York Evening Post from 1836 to 1886. Among his works are Pacific and Constructive Democracy; A Popular View of Fourier; Dictionary of Biography; Political Essays, etc.

Goffe, WILLIAM, regicide; born in Eng. land about 1605; son of a Puritan clergyman. With his father-in-law, General Whalley, he arrived in Boston in the sum Iner of 1660, and shared his fortunes in