cries aloud about our education along those lines. Half of the American people produce from the soil, and yet no university or college educates anybody with regard to that soil. We want plant pathologists and physiologists, and we cannot find them, because nobody is being taught those things. We have repeatedly advertised for those men through the Civil Service Commission without getting them. We have to educate them in the Department of Agriculture, taking boys who have tastes along those lines and training them. We do not advertise, and never have, for a man who understands domestic animals from a scientific standpoint, because we know we would not get anybody. And yet the soil, the plant and the animal occupy the time and thought and attention and life of half the American people. Now, I call your attention to this, gentlemen, for a practical end. When you go home inquire what is being done along those lines. You support universities, colleges, high schools, technological institutes and all that. Why not do something for the producer in the United States of America? We had a man who helped study tobaccos. When I came to the Department of Agriculture I had a curiosity to know why that cigar from Havana brings more money than cigars made of tobacco grown in Connecticut, Ohio or Pennsylvania. I sent for the pathologist and said, "I want to know about this. I know now what it is that flavors butter and cheese-that has been discovered; but we do not know anything about what flavors tobacco. We want to find out." The pathologist went to work and made considerable advance along that line. We found a gentleman who knew something about the chemistry of plants, and he did good work for us. He found out the origin of the flavor which was produced in the process of fermenting tobacco. He found that bacteria had nothing to do with it, although they have everything to do with flavoring butter and cheese. Japan came the other day and paid him $7,000 and will take him to Japan. We cannot afford to keep that kind of man. I wish you gentlemen would think of this when you go home. Ask your educators what they are doing in regard to the soil, the plant and the ani

mal. We want soil physicists, we want plant pathologists and we want gentlemen educated in the sciences relating to domestic animals. There is nothing needed so much. I cannot find such men if I advertise for them; they are not to be had. The chief of the division of pathology, the chief of the division of soils, etc., will pick up a likely boy and with infinite patience set about his education to make him useful. That is all I care to say. [Applause.]

The following paper was read:

The Improvement of Cotton.

H. J. WEBBER, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.

Discussed by Messrs. THOMAS H. SMITH, WILLIAM G. NICHOLS, BROADUS E. WILLINGHAM, J. R. MONTGOMERY, WALTER E. PARKER and C. M. SEARS.

Mr. FREDERICK A. FLATHER. Mr. President, if it is in order at this time, I would like to present a resolution:

WHEREAS, a Pan-American Exposition is to be held in the City of Buffalo on the Niagara frontier during the summer of 1901, which will be thoroughly International in its character and to be held with a view to promoting increased trade between the different countries of the Western Hemisphere; and

WHEREAS, the events of the past few years have opened the eyes of the American people to the possibilities of trade expansion, and our merchants and manufacturers are paying much more attention than formerly to the foreign department of their business, so that it is a particularly opportune time for holding such an exposition; and

WHEREAS, the members of the New England Cotton Manufacturers' Association are interested in any enterprise which will promote the development and expansion of trade in the manufactured products of the United States; now, therefore, be it

Resolved, that the New England Cotton Manufacturers' Association heartily approves of the Pan-American Exposition to be held in the

City of Buffalo, and proposes to hold its seventy-first meeting in Buffalo during the Exposition.

On motion duly seconded, the resolution read was unanimously adopted.

The following papers were read:

The Use of Stationary "Cells" in Place of Rotating Cylinders in the Drying of Textile Fabrics.

Uses of Cotton Waste.

CHARLES H. FISH, Dover, N. H.

EDWARD W. THOMAS, Lowell, Mass.

Discussion by Mr. D. M. THOMPSON.

Putting Up of Yarns for Use and for Market.

F. H. BISHOP, Boston, Mass.

Yarn Testing and Testing Machines.

GEORGE R. SMITH, Ossett, near Leeds, England.

The PRESIDENT. Gentlemen, before we adjourn I wish to call your attention to the fact that the fourth session, to be held tomorrow afternoon, is quite important. Our evening session will be short. Those who go South will leave the hotel about ten o'clock, and we ought to make a great effort that as many members shall be present tomorrow afternoon as possible. There are two papers on the export trade which are very interesting, and I trust you will all be prompt in attendance at 2.30 tomorrow. I now declare the session adjourned until tomorrow at 2.30 P. M.

FOURTH SESSION.

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1900.

Meeting called to order at 2.30 P. M., President THOMPSON in the chair.

The PRESIDENT.

Gentlemen, you will please come to order.

The Secretary has some announcements to make.

The SECRETARY. Mr. President, the party who took the photographs of the members of the Association on the War Department steps is in the ladies' parlor and will take orders for them for one dollar, post paid.

H. G. MCKERROW, Boston, Mass.

Improved Methods of Combing Cotton.

E. W. ATKINSON, Boston, Mass. (Submitted after the meeting.)

The PRESIDENT. I have succeeded in securing for our evening session the presence of Rear Admiral GEORGE W. MELVILLE, Engineer-in-Chief of the United States navy, a man who is so widely known that I think that all our members will be very happy indeed to meet him. I have taken the liberty of so stating to him, and I therefore hope that he will not come here to be disappointed by a small attendance. I wish you to consider yourselves as a committee of the whole and exercise your very best endeavors to the end that we may have a large attendance this evening, not only to welcome the Admiral, but that we may, in a short session, close up our convention work and feel that there is encouragement in store for us in the future. I declare this session now adjourned to eight o'clock this evening.