after a severe conflict on 3 and 4 May, with great loss to both parties, the federals were compelled to recross the Rappahannock. The struggle was compared to that at Hougomont during the battle of Waterloo. Jackson Chancellor of Ireland, LORD HIGH. The ear- died 10 May. Hooker's loss was 17,000 men, of whom liest nomination was by Richard I., 1189, when Stephen 5000 were made prisoners. Lee's loss was about 13,000, Ridel was elevated to this rank. The office of vice- of whom 3000 were prisoners. The result of this battle chancellor was known in Ireland in 1232, Geoffrey Tur- has always been an enigma to military critics. Hookvillo, archdeacon of Dublin, being so named. The Chan-er's army, was composed of the best of material, was well cery and Common Law Offices (Ireland) act was passed 20 Aug. 1867.

1697. Sir John Jeffreyson, Thomas Coote, and Nehemiah the national forces seemed so easy of attainment as to be

well-nigh certain. That it was not won, was due simply to bad management. For a careful criticism of the affair see "The Campaign of Chancellorsville" by lieut.col. Theodore Dodge, U. S. A., published 1881.

Chancery, COURT OF, is said to have been instituted either in 605, or by Alfred, 887; refounded by William I., 1067 (Stow) or 1070. This court had its origin in the desire to render justice complete, and to moderate the rigor of other courts that are bound to the strict letter of the law. It gives relief to or against infants, notwithstanding their minority; and to or against married women, notwithstanding their coverture; and all frauds, deceits, breaches of trust and confidence, for 22 which there is no redress at common-law, are relievable here.-Blackstone; see Chancellors of England. delays in chancery proceedings having long given dissatisfaction, the subject was brought before parliament in 1825, and frequently since; which led to the passing of important acts in 1852, 1853, 1855, 1858, and 1867, to amend the practice in the court of chancery; see Accountant, County Courts, and Supreme Court.

Chaplets, the string of beads used by the Roman | John of God, and approved by pope Pius V. 1572; Catholics in reciting the Lord's prayer, Ave Maria, etc.; introduced into France, 1601; settled at Paris, 1602.—— see Beads. Hénault.

of Charitable Trusts in 1853, when commissioners were was besieged by the British troops at the latter end of appointed, who have from time to time published volu-March, 1780, and surrendered 12 May following, with 6000 minous reports. Amendment acts were passed 1855 prisoners; it was evacuated, 14 Dec. 1782. Great commotion arose here in Nov. 1860, through the election of Charitable Brethren, an order founded by St. Mr. Lincoln for the presidency, he being opposed to

slavery. On 12, 13 April, 1861, the war began by the confederates bombarding Fort Sumter; see United States. In Dec. 1861, the federals sank a number of vessels laden with stone in order to choke up the entrance to Charleston harbor. The city was besieged from the sea-side throughout the war. The principal operations of this nature were those of gen. Gillmore and admirals Dupont and Dahlgren, 7 April-7 Sept. 1863, resulting in the occupation by the national troops of the whole of Morris Island. When gen. Sherman captured Columbia, Charleston became untenable, and the confederates retired, 17 Feb. 1865. The national standard was replaced upon Fort Sumter, 14 April, 1865. A great fire, the result of accident, occurred in Dec. 1861, destroying a large part of the city. The city was nearly destroyed by fire, 1 Feb. 1865, when the confederates evacuated it.

committed great outrages at Birmingham, 15 July, 1839, and at Newport (which see), 4 Nov. 1839. They held for some time a sort of parliament, called the "National Convention," the leading men being Feargus O'Connor, Henry Vincent, Mr. Stephens, etc. On 10 April, 1848, they proposed to hold a meeting of 200,000 men on Kennington Common, London, to march thence in procession to Westminster, and present a petition to parliament; but only about 20,000 came. The bank and other establishments were fortified by military, preventive measures adopted, and not less than 150,000 persons of all ranks (including Louis Napoleon, afterwards emperor) were voluntarily sworn to act as special constables. The chartists dispersed after slight encounters with the police, and the monster petition, in detached rolls, was sent in cabs to the house of commons. From this time the proceedings of the chartists became insignificant. Charlestown (Massachusetts) was burned by the Chartreuse, LA GRANDE, chief of the monasteries British forces under gen. Gage, 17 June, 1775. Charles- of the Carthusian order, situated among the rugged town was taken by the British, 7 May, 1779. mountains near Grenoble, in France, was founded by "Charte Constitutionnelle," the French polit-Bruno of Cologne, about 1084. At the revolution in ical constitution acknowledged by Louis XVIII., 4-10 1792, the monks were expelled and their valuable June, 1814. The infraction of this constitution led to library destroyed. They returned to the monastery the revolution of 1830. The amended "Charte" was after the restoration of 1815. In Nov. 1880, they depromulgated by Louis Philippe, 14 Aug. 1830, and set clined to accept indulgence from the decrees for expelaside by the Revolution of 1848. ling the religious orders from France.

Charter-house (a corruption of Chartreuse, which see), London, formerly a Carthusian monastery, founded in 1371 by sir Walter de Manny, one of the knights of Edward III., now an extensive charitable establishment. The last prior, John Houghton, was executed as a traitor, for denying the king's supremacy, in May, 1535. After the dissolution of monasteries in 1539, the Charterhouse passed through various hands till 1 Nov. 1611, when it was sold by the earl of Suffolk to Thomas Sutton for 13,000, who obtained letters-patent directing that it should be called "the hospital of king James, founded in the Charter-house," and that "there should be for ever 16 governors," etc. On the foundation are 80 poor brothers and 44 poor scholars. Sutton died 12 Dec. 1611. The expenditure for 1853-4 was 22,3967.; the receipts, 28,9087. This school was affected by the Public Schools Act, 1868. In Sept. 1872, the school was opened in new buildings, at Godalming, Surrey. The old buildings, adapted for the Merchant Taylors' (day) School, were opened by the prince of Wales, 6 April, 1875. The buildings for the poor "brethren" were also modified, and in Nov. entirely new arrangements for them were proposed. The "Charter-House, Past and Present," by Dr. Wm. Haig Brown, head-master, published 1879.

Charter-party, a covenant between merchants and masters of ships relating to the ship and cargo, said to have been first used in England about 1243.

Charters, granted to corporate towns to protect their manufactures by Henry I. in 1132; modified by Charles II. in 1683; the ancient charters restored in 1698. Alterations were made by the Municipal Reform Act in 1835. See Magna Charta and Boroughs. Ancient Anglo-Saxon charters are printed in Kemble's "Codex Diplomaticus," 1829.

Charts AND Maps. Anaximander of Miletus is said to have been the inventor of geographical and ceModern sea-charts were lestial charts, about 570 B.C. brought to England by Bartholomew Columbus to illustrate his brother's theory respecting a western continent, 1489. The first tolerably accurate map of England was drawn by George Lilly, who died in 1559. Gerard Mercator published an atlas of maps in 1595; see Mercator. The daily papers published in their columns maps illustrating the wars of 1870–1, 1876–7, etc.

Chassepot Rifle, a modified needle-gun, and a breach-loader (named after its inventor, Alphonse Chassepot), adopted by the French government in 1866. In April, 1867, 10,000 had been issued to the troops. In his report on the battle of Mentana (which see), 3 Nov. 1867, gen. De Failly said, "the chassepot has done wonders." It was generally considered successful in the war, 1870-1. "The range of the chassepot being 1800 paces, and that of the needle-gun only between 600 and 700, the Germans in all their charges had to traverse 1200 paces before their arms could be used to purpose.” Many Germans were armed with the chassepot after the surrender of the French army at Sedan, 2 Sept. 1870.

Chastity. The Roman laws justified homicide in defence of one's self or relatives; and our laws justify a woman for killing a man in defence of her chastity; and a husband or a father in taking the life of him who attempts to violate his wife or daughter. In 1000 years from Numa, 710 B.C., to Theodosius, A.D. 394, only eighteen Roman vestals had been condemned for incontinence. See Vestals, Acre, and Coldingham.

Chat Moss (Lancashire), a peat bog, twelve miles square, in most places so soft as to be incapable of supporting a man or horse, over which George Stephenson, the railway engineer, carried the Liverpool and Manchester railway, after overcoming difficulties considered invincible. The road (literally a floating one) was completed by 1 Jan. 1830, when the first experimental train, drawn by the Rocket locomotive, passed over it; see Bogs.

Chartists, the name assumed by large bodies of the lower classes, shortly after the passing of the Reform Bill in 1832, from their demanding the people's Charter, the six points of which were Universal Suffrage, Vote by Ballot, Annual Parliaments, Payment of the Members, the Abolition of the Property Qualification Châteaudun, an old city, N. C. France, the resi(which was enacted, June, 1858), and Equal Electoral dence of the heroic Dunois, who died 1468. Here were Districts. In 1838 the chartists assembled in various massacred, 20 July, 1183, about 7000 Brabançons, fanatic parts of the country, armed guns, pikes, and other mercenaries who had been hired to exterminate the Alweapons, and carrying torches and flags. A proclama- bigenses by the cardinal Henry, abbot of Clairvaux, in tion was issued against them, 12 Dec. Their petition 1181. They had become the scourge of the country, (agreed to at Birmingham, 6 Aug. 1838) was presented and the "Capuchons" were organized for their destructo parliament by Mr. T. Attwood, 14 June, 1839. They tion. Châteaudun was captured by the Germans after

*Wm. Lovett, its alleged author, died Aug. 1877.

a severe conflict of about nine hours, 18 Oct. 1870. Barricades had been erected in the town, and the Garde

Mobile fought bravely. The town was reoccupied by is supposed by Camden and others that the English the French, 6 Nov. learned cheese-making from the Romans about the Christian era. Wilts, Gloucester, and Cheshire make vast quantities; the last alone, annually, about 31,000 tons. In 1840 we imported from abroad about 10,000 tons; in 1855, 384,192 cwt.; in 1866, 872,342 cwt.; in 1870, 1,041,281 cwt.; in 1876, 1,531,204 cwt.; in 1879, The duty on foreign cheese, producing 1,789,721 cwt. annually about 50,000l., was taken off in 1860. Large quantities are imported from the United States. The exports of cheese from the United States for 1879 amounted to $12,569,968.

Chatham (Kent), a principal station of the royal navy; the dockyard, commenced by Queen Elizabeth, has been recently much extended (1872). The Chatham Chest, for the relief of the wounded and decayed seamen, originally established here by the queen and admirals Drake and Hawkins in 1588, was removed to Greenwich in 1803. On 10 June, 1667, the Dutch fleet, under admiral De Ruyter, sailed up to this town, and burned several men-of-war; but the entrance into the Medway is now defended by Sheerness and other forts, and additional fortifications were made at Chatham. On 8-11 Feb. 1861, a violent outbreak of the convicts was suppressed by the military, and many rioters flogged. About 1000l. worth of property was destroyed, and many persons were seriously hurt. New docks and a basin, said to be the largest and finest in the world, opened by Mr. Göschen, 21 June, 1871.

Chatham Administration,* succeeded the first
Rockingham administration in Aug. 1766; after several
changes, it terminated Dec. 1767; see Grafton.
Earl of Chatham, first minister and lord privy seal.
Duke of Grafton, first lord of the treasury.

Lord Camden, lord chancellor.

Charles Townshend, chancellor of the exchequer.

Earl of Northington, lord president.

Earl of Shelburne and general Conway, secretaries of state.
Sir Charles Saunders (succeeded by Sir Edward Hawke), ad-
mirally.

Marquis of Granby, ordnance.

Lord Hillsborough, first lord of trade.

Viscount Barrington, secretary at war.

Lord North and sir George Cooke, joint paymasters.
Viscount Howe, treasurer of the navy.
Duke of Ancaster, lord de Despenser, etc.

Chatillon (on the Seine, France). Here a congress was held by the four great powers allied against France, at which Caulaincourt attended for Napoleon, 4 Feb. 1814: the negotiations for peace were broken off on 19 March following.

Chattanooga (Tennessee). Here generals Sherman, Thomas, and Hooker (under Grant) defeated the confederate general Bragg, capturing Lookout Mountain (24 Nov.), and storming Missionary Ridge, 25 Nov. 1863. Grant had engaged about 65,000 nen; Bragg from 40,

Chelsea (Middlesex). A council held here 27 July, 816.-Nicolas. A theological college here founded by James I. in 1609 was converted by Charles II. in 1682 to an asylum for wounded and superannuated soldiers. The erection was carried on by James II., and completed by William III. in 1690. The projector was sir Stephen Fox, grandfather of the orator C. J. Fox; the architect was sir Christopher Wren; and the cost 150,000. In 1850 there were 70,000 out- and 539 in-pensioners.—The body of the duke of Wellington lay here in state, 10-17 Nov. 1852.-The physic garden of sir Hans Sloane, at Chelsea, was given to the Apothecaries' Company, 1721. -The Chelsea water-works were incorporated 1722.— The first stone of the Military Asylum, Chelsea, was laid by Frederick, duke of York, 19 June, 1801.-The bridge, constructed by Mr. T. Page to connect Chelsea with Battersea Park, was opened March, 1858. The Albert bridge was opened 1 Dec. 1872; both freed from toll, 24 May, 1879. The parliamentary borough of Chelsea, created by the Reform act, 15 Aug. 1867, consists of Chelsea, Kensington, Fulham, and Hammersmith. The Chelsea embankment was opened by the duke and duchess of Edinburgh, 9 May, 1874; see Trials, July, 1870 and 1872. Cremorne public gardens closed, 1877.

Cheltenham (Gloucestershire). Its celebrated mineral spring was discovered in 1718. The King's well was sunk in 1778; and other wells by Mr. P. Thompson in 1806. Magnesian salt was first found in the waters in 1811. The theatre was erected in 1804. Grammarschool and almshouses, endowed by Richard Pates, 1574. Cheltenham was incorporated, 1876.

Chemical Societies. One formed in London in

000 to 45,000. The national loss was 5616; the confeder-1780, did not long continue. The present Chemical So

ate about 10,000, of whom 6142 were prisoners.

Chaumont (on the Marne, France), TREATY OF, entered into between Great Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia, 1 March, 1814. This treaty was succeeded by that of Paris, 11 April, by which Napoleon renounced his sovereignty; see Paris.

Chauvinism, a term said to be derived from Chauvin, the principal character in Scribe's "Soldat Laboureur," a veteran soldier of the first empire, filled with intense admiration for Napoleon and for all that belonged to him. Scribe was born 24 Dec. 1794, died 20 Feb. 1861.

Cheap Trains Act, 7 & 8 Vict. c. 85, 1844; see Railways.

Cheats were punishable by pillory, imprisonment, and fine, and a rigorous statute was enacted against them in 1542. Persons cheating at play, or winning at any time more than 101. or any valuable thing, were deemed infamous, and were to suffer punishment as in cases of perjury, 9 Anne, 1711.-Blackstone.

Chee-foo Convention, see China, 1876.
Cheese is mentioned by Aristotle, about 350 B.C.

It

ciety of London was established in 1841; that of Paris in 1857; that of Germany at Berlin, 1867. The Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain formed; professor Edward Frankland first president, 1877; first meeting, 1 Feb. 1878. Chemical Industry Society founded 4 April, 1881.

Chemical Works. Royal commission appointed to inquire into the management of chemical works, to ascertain the effect of gases and vapors given off, and the means of prevention. The commissioners are lord Aberdare, earl Percy, professors Abel, A. Williamson, Roscoe, and others, 18 July, 1876. In their report, issued Aug. 1878, they recommend increased inspection, and more stringent regulations; see Alkalies.

Chemistry was introduced into Spain by the Moors, about 1150. The Egyptians and Chinese claim an early acquaintance with chemistry. The first chemists were the Alchemists (see Alchemy); but chemistry was not a science till the seventeenth century; during which its study was promoted by Bacon, Hooke, Mayow, and Boyle. In the early part of the eighteenth century, Dr. Stephen Hales laid the foundation of Pneumatic Chemistry, and his contemporary Boerhaave combined the study of chemistry with medicine. These were succeeded by *William Pitt, earl of Chatham (the "great commoner "), Bergman, Stahl, Black, etc. In 1772, Priestley published born 15 Nov. 1708, entered parliament in 1735; became secretary of state (virtually the premier) in the Devonshire adhis researches on air, having discovered the gases oxyministration, Nov. 1756; secretary in the Newcastle adminis-gen, ammonia, etc.; and thus commenced a new chemtration, Jan. 1757. In 1766 he became premier, lord privy seal, and afterwards earl of Chatham, which lord Chesterfield called a fall upstairs. He opposed the taxation of the American colonies, but protested against the recognition of their independence, 7 April, 1778, and died 11 May following.

ical era. He was ably seconded by Cavendish, Scheele, Lavoisier, Chaptal, and others. The nineteenth century opened with the brilliant discoveries of Davy, continued by Dalton, Faraday, Thomson, etc. Organic Chemistry

has been very greatly advanced by Berzelius, Liebig, Dumas, Laurent, Hofmann, Cahours, Frankland,* and others, since 1830; see Pharmacy, Electricity, Galvanism. For the analytical processes termed "Spectrum analysis,” invented by Kirchhoff and Bunsen (1861), and "Dialysis" (1861), and “Atmolysis” (1863), invented by Mr. T. Graham, see those articles.-The Royal College of Chemistry, Oxford Street, London, was established in 1845 (now at South Kensington)—Henry Watts's great "Dictionary of Chemistry," begun 1863, has supplements. M. Ad. Wurtz's equally great "Dictionnaire de Chimie," 1868.

Cheque Bank, opened in Pall Mall East, 23 July, 1873. It issued cheques for fixed sums (down to 17.) available for paying and transmitting small sums, and is suited for persons not having a banker. The plan, due to Mr. James Hertz, a director, has been modified. He

died 23 Feb. 1880.

Cheques, see Drafts.

Cherbourg, the great naval fortress and arsenal of France on the coast of Brittany, about 60 or 70 miles equidistant from Portsmouth and Plymouth. It was captured by our Henry V. in 1418, and lost in 1450. Under the direction of Louis XIV., some works were erected here by the great Vauban, which, with some shipping, etc., were destroyed by the British, 6, 7 Aug. 1758. The works, resumed by Louis XVI., were interrupted by the revolution. The breakwater, commenced in 1783, resumed by Napoleon I. about 1803, and completed in 1813, forms a secure harbor, affording anchorage for nearly the whole navy of France, and protected by strong fortifications. On 4, 5 Aug. 1858, the railway and the Grand Napoleon docks were opened, the latter in the presence of the queen of England and court. The British fleet visited Cherbourg, 15–17 Aug. 1865, receiving much hospitality. Presidents Grévy, Léon Say, and Gambetta visit Cherbourg; launch of a man-of-war, etc., 8-11 Aug. 1880.

Cheriton Down (Hants). Here sir Wm. Waller defeated the royalists under lord Hopton, 29 March, 1644.

Cherry, the Prunus Cerasus (from Cerasus, a city of Pontus, whence the tree was brought by Lucullus to Rome, about 70 B.C.), first planted in Britain, it is said, about 100. Fine kinds were brought from Flanders, in 1540, and planted in Kent. Cherson, see Kherson. Chersonesus, see Crimea.

Cherubusco, BATTLE OF. Cherubusco was a strongly fortified place near the city of Mexico. Towards this the Americans advanced after the battle at Contreras; see Contreras. Santa Anna, who commanded 12,000 men near the walls of the city of Mexico, now advanced, and the whole region became a battle-field. This was on 21 Aug. 1847. Cherubusco was taken, and Santa Anna abandoned the field and fled towards the city. He immediately sent a flag asking for an armistice of three days, preparatory for negotiations for peace. It was granted, but the treacherous Mexican violated the agreement, and hostilities were reopened; see El Molino del Rey and Chapultepec,

"CHESAPEAKE," an American frigate, commanded by capt. Lawrence (50 guns, 376 men), struck to the Shannon, Brit sh frigate (38 guns, 330 men), commanded by capt. Philip Vere Broke, after a severe action of eleven minutes, 1 June, 1813. Eleven minutes elapsed between the firing of the first gun and the boarding, and in four minutes more the Chesapeake was the Shannon's prize. Capt. Lawrence died of his wounds. Cheshunt College, Herts, founded by Selina, countess of Huntingdon, for the education of ministers of her "connection," Calvinistic Methodists. The college was first opened at Trevecca House, Talgarth, near Brecon, by the countess and George Whitfield, 1768. It was removed to Cheshunt in 1792. The countess died 17 June, 1791.

Chess, a game attributed to Palamedes, 680 B.C.; Hyde and sir William Jones refer the origin of chess to

the Hindoos.

Caxton printed "the Game and Playe of the Chesse"... 1474
A chess-club formed at Slaughter's coffee-house, St Mar-
tin's Lane...

The automaton chess-player (a piece of machinery) exhib-
ited in England.

1747

1769

M. F. A. Danican, known as Philidor, played three
matches blindfolded at the Salopian; he died.
..... 1795
The London Chess-club founded in 1807, and St. George's. 1833

Chess congress in New York, 1857, which brought Paul
Morphy, the most remarkable of chess-players, into
public notice.

Morphy won a match with Löwenthal in London.................
Morphy played eight games simultaneously, without see-
ing the boards, winning six of them, at Birmingham,
England..

26 Aug. .Sept. 20 Dec.

Morphy defeated Harrwitz in Paris..
All efforts to induce Staunton, the English chess player,
Morphy defeated Anderssen..
to meet Morphy failed...
Herr Paulsen played ten games at once, of which he won
five, and lost one; three were drawn, and one not play-
ed out...
International chess congresses: 1, 2, London (winner. M.
Anderssen, of Breslau), 1851, 1862; 3, Paris (M. Kol-
isch), 1867; 4, Paris (M. Anderssen), 1870; 5, Vienna
(M. Steinmetz)..

1858

44

.Dec. 1861

..Aug. 1873

66

Automaton chess-player at the Crystal Palace (a youth
concealed in box perforated with holes) exhibited....
Howard Staunton, a great player, died..
June, 1874
J. J. Löwenthal, eminent Hungarian player, died, 20 July, 1876
J. H. Zukkertort of Riga gains first prize at the Inter-
national Chess Congress, Paris..
..June, July, 1878
"Mephisto," a mechanical chess-player, exhibited at the
Westminster Aquarium..
.....2 Oct.
Chess Congress at New York..
..... Jan. 1880
Chess tournament at Wiesbaden..
..9 July,

66

Chester (England, N. W.), the British Caerleon and the Roman Deva, the station of the twentieth legion, Valeria Victrix, quitted by them about 406. The city wall was first built by Edelfleda, about 908; and Hugh Lupus, the earl, nephew of William I., rebuilt the Saxon castle in 1084, and the abbey of St. Werburgh. Chester was incorporated by Henry III. and made a distinct county. The palatine jurisdiction was abolished by parliament, 23 July, 1830. The SEE, anciently part of Lichfield, one of whose bishops, Peter, removing the seat hither in 1075, occasioned his successors to be styled bishops of Chester; but it was not made a distinct bishopric until Henry VIII. in 1541 raised it to this dignity, and allotted the church of the abbey of St. Werburgh for the cathedral. After extensive repairs, the cathedral was reopened, 25 Jan. 1872. This see is valued in the king's books at 4201. 1s. 8d. per annum. Present income 45002.

980 1471

Chester ravaged by Danes..
Nearly destroyed by fire.
Taken, after three months' siege, for the parliament.... 1645
Exchange and town hall burned.
Fatal gunpowder explosion..

1772

30 Dec. 1862

Chesapeake. At the mouth of this bay a contest took place between the British admiral Graves and the French admiral De Grasse, aiding the revolted states of America; the former was obliged to retire, 5 Sept. 1781. A projected attack of Fenians on Chester castle was deThe Chesapeake and Delaware were blockaded by the feated by the vigilance of the authorities and the arBritish fleet in the American war of 1812, and the bay rival of the military. .11, 12 Feb. 1867 was, at that period, the scene of great hostilities of vari-New town hall opened by the prince of Wales....15 Oct. 1869 Cathedral reopened after restoration by sir Gilbert G. ous results. Scott. 7 Aug. 1876 Ancient tower of St. John's Church fell...... .15 April, 1881

* In 1828 Wöhler produced artificially urea, a body hitherto known only as a product of the animal organism. Since then, acetic acid, alcohol, grape-sugar, various essential oils, similar to those of the pineapple, pear, garlic, etc., have been formed by combinations of the gases oxygen, hydrogen, and carbonic The barrier formed by chemists between organic and inorganic bodies is thus broken down. Indigo artificially formed by Bayer, 1878.

acid.

RECENT BISHOPS OF CHESTER.

1800. Henry William Majendie, transl. to Bangor, 1809.
1810. Bowyer Edward Sparkie, transl. to Ely, 1812.
1812. George Henry Law, transl. to Bath, 1824.
1824. Charles J. Blomfield, transl. to London, Aug. 1828.
1828. John Bird Sumner, transl. to Canterbury, 1848.
1848. John Graham, died 15 June, 1865.
1865. William Jacobson.