chine guns and their crews in the dugouts until the opposing infantry came "over the top," at which time they were rushed to the parapets and put to work. The barrage, how ever, combined with a much more lavish use of high explosive shell, forced a change in these tactics. It was found that even if the bombardment of heavy guns did not destroy the dugouts or block up their mouths, the barrage kept the machine gun under ground until the advancing infantry was so close that there was not sufficient time to get into action before the bayonet fighting began. The final step was the fortification of specially selected positions and turning them into machine-gun posts. These posts were always selected with a view to their field of fire and their angle of fire with respect to the line

tinguishing feature of any kind. With water found only a foot below the surface, even the ordinary trenches and dugouts are out of the question. This necessitated a still further change in the plan of defense, although chief reliance was still placed in the same weapon. The result was what has been called the elastic defense system. This consisted of a number of concrete block houses, placed well forward without any definite line, but so arranged that they defended one another by an enfilade fire. These "pill boxes," as they have come to be called, are very small, holding not more than thirty or forty men, sometimes not half that number, and are so strong that only a direct hit from a large gun can destroy them. They are garrisoned entirely by machine-gun crews specially trained for their

Edwin Levick, N. Y.

work. Behind them, in reserve, the infantry lies in wait, so that, when the Allied infantry, badly used up by the machine-gun fire, passes beyond the block houses, these reserves of fresh troops counter-attack heavily against the advanced line and drive it back.

"Liberty" Trucks For Our Army

TH

HE "Liberty" motor truck, a photograph of which appears on page 223, is the product of the combined genius of forty American engineers and hundreds of draftsmen from all over the country, plus the cooperation of twelve motor truck plants and of sixty-two factories that manufacture automobile parts. All these parts have been standardized and are interchangeable, so that a number of trucks may be taken apart, the parts mixed, each with each, indiscriminately, and the trucks reassembled without any great difficulty. The virtue of this standardization may be seen in the fact that our army's motor truck transportation will necessitate the manufacture of less than 7,500 parts. It has been said that our Allies keep in stock at all times more than 2,000,000 parts for their various kinds of motor vehicles.

The chassis of the new truck weighs, with body attached, about 10,000 pounds. The truck is said to be the strongest, for the load it is designed to carry, ever turned out in this country.

Two

The Caproni Airplane

WO Italians, the Caproni Brothers, Gianni and Federico, are convinced that the day is fast approaching when "aërial lines not only will join town and country and country to country, but will span continent to continent with aërial trains transporting hundreds of passengers traveling from 125 to 190 miles an hour." Such airplanes are to be built according to the biplane and multiplane systems and fitted with a series of motors varying from 300 to 500 horsepower, "because the plurimotor types obviously afford a genuine guarantee of safety." One such air line would be that between Rome and New York, the distance to be covered in approximately thirty hours of continuous travel; the trip to be made in forty-eight hours.

However visionary these views may be, Gabriel D'Annunzio, the Italian poet, who is at present serving in the Italian army, recently piloted a Caproni biplane, with three passengers aboard, 875 miles without landing-a distance approximately corresponding to that between New York and St. Louis "as the airplane flies." And during the last Liberty Loan Campaign, Captain Antonio Silvio Resnati flew from Langley Field, near Norfolk, Va., to Mineola, L. I., a distance of 320 miles, in a big Caproni biplane carrying eight passengers besides himself.

S

OME rather new conditions will enter into folks' traveling plans this year.

One will say: "We'll go South this winter and stop off at Camp to see Billy." Another will say: "We'll go to California as usual-they have such wonderful automobile roads, and there's golf out there that is in a class by itself." Still another will say: "We'll do things a little differently this year. There are so many distractions of all kinds nowadays, that it gives us a sort of 'here and there' feeling, so we're going to stop now and then on our way West. Going to stop in New Orleans a bit-it's so individual and then at Camp in Texas, and break the trip again out in Arizona while we do that Apache Trail and see the Roosevelt Dam. Then when we get to California, we'll be ready for whatever's doing. California is such a livable place."

Suppose you are en route to Los Angeles and Southern California in general, traveling on the Sunset Limited of the Southern Pacific Lines, one of the world's greatest trains. At El Paso,

you change to a sleeper which will carry you through a night's trip up the picturesque Gila Valley, a veritable garden spot of Arizona, to Globe. You arrive in what must seem to the general run of Easterners as an entirely new world, for here you are in the heart of the great copper country. Arizona is the nation's leading copper producing State. Besides, you are looking out on a country which produces gold, silver, lead, and zinc. Including the copper, Arizona digs up out of her soil more than $200,000,000 worth of these precious metals, each year, especially when prices are high as they are nowadays, and this is real, new wealth added to the world's storehouse-no mere bookkeeping credit. If you've ever "dabbled in coppers," you will find a familiar name at Globe in the word Dominion, for here the famous Old Dominion mine was located. Off to the westward, only a few miles, is Miami, where another familiar name bobs up in the Inspiration mine. Globe and Miami are typical mining towns with their mines, smelters, concen

AN ANCIENT WATCH TOWER

trators, and other proper indications of the miner and his town.

If Globe and the copper country gave you a new and fresh view of things, another equally new and fresh view, only much more so, is coming to you quickly, for we're off now on one of the most inspiring automobile trips in all your "born days" a regular scenic railway trip, laid out on such a scale that you are carried through 120 miles of marvelously beautiful ups and downs without being fully able to realize it all at the time. Leaving Globe in the touring cars after breakfast, you immediately "hit the trail"the Apache Trail. You are traveling over a road which the United States Government has built, with usual Government completeness, over the identical route of the roamings of the

ancient Toltecs, and the cliff dwellers, and the earliest Indians in days when it was a real trail through canyons, over mountains, and through forests; the same road which the Spanish conquistadores of Coronado traveled in 1540 in their search for the fabulous "Seven Cities of Cibola"; as well as the same which Uncle Sam's soldiers used when they "cleaned up" our red skin brothers when Geronimo and his braves took. their last fling at fighting the "pale face." You are on your way now to the Roosevelt Dam. Up the mountain your car reaches the summit at a 4000-foot elevation, 20 miles from Globe. Here is a panorama of amazing views, vast in expanse and spread out like a map below you. Here is your first realization of Arizona atmosphere, so clear that mountains 60 miles away seem no more than 15 or 20 miles distant at the most and beyond, 27 miles away and far below, you see the glistening water of Roosevelt Lake held there by the famous Roosevelt Dam. Your road winds down now 1,600 feet in seven miles to the floor of Tonto basin, giving really wonderful views of variously colored vegetation, equally wonderful rocks and, if not a total of 57 varieties of cactus, surely a great many, the most unique vegetation in America. Soon your auto approaches Roosevelt Lake, the road skirting the cliffs, while you see in the waters below a remarkable panoramic reflection of the entire mountain-rimmed horizon. A turn in the road and we are in full view of the Roosevelt Dam. You circle it, following the 16-foot driveway, almost 1,200 feet long, crossing the crest of the dam, and bringing up at the Lodge, very strikingly situated on a rocky point which sticks out into the lake-an ideal spot for luncheon.