THE CAPETS. 987. Hugh Capet, the Great, count of Paris, &c., eldest son of Hugh the Abbot, 3 July; he seizes the crown, in prejudice to Charles of Lorraine, uncle of Louis Transmarine. From him this race of kings is called Capevingians and Capetians. He died 24 Oct. 996. Robert II., surnamed the Sage; son; died lamented, 20 July. 1031. Henry I., son; died 29 Aug. 1060. Philip I. the Fair, l'Amoureux; son; succeeded at 8 years of age; ruled at 14; died 3 Aug. 1108. Louis VI., surnamed the Lusty, or le Gros; son; died 1 Aug. 1137. Louis VII.; son; surnamed the Young, to distinguish him from his father, with whom he reigned for some years; died 18 Sept. 1180. Philip II. (Augustus); son; succeeds at 15: crowned at Rheims in his father's lifetime; died 14 July, 1223. Louis VIII., Cœur de Lion; son; died 8 Nov. 1226. Louis IX.; son; called St. Louis; ascended the throne at 15, under the guardianship of his mother, who was also regent; died in his camp before Tunis, 25 Aug. Sigebert II., Austrasia. 656. Clotaire III., son of Clovis II. 1270. 670. Childeric II.; sole king; assassinated, with his queen and his son Dagobert, in the forest of Livri. 1285. 670. Thierry III.; Burgundy and Neustria. €74. Dagobert II., son of Sigebert, in Austrasia; assassinated 679. 691. Clovis III. (Pepin, mayor of the palace, rules in his name; succeeded by his brother). 695. Childebert III., surnamed the Just; Pepin supreme. 711. Dagobert III., son of Childebert. 715 Chilperic II., deposed by Charles Martel, mayor of the palace. 717. Clotaire IV., of obscure origin, raised by Charles Martel to the throne; dies soon after; Chilperic is recalled from Aquitaine. 720 Chilperic II. restored; shortly afterwards dies at Noyon; succeeded by Thierry IV., son of Dagobert III., surnamed de 737. Interregnum, till the death of Charles Martel, in 741. 742. Childeric III., son of Chilperic II., surnamed the Stupid. Carloman and Pepin, the sons of Charles Martel, share the government of the kingdom in this reign. THE CARLOVINGIANS. 752. Pepin the Short, son of Charles Martel; he is suc-. ceeded by his two sons, 768. Charles the Great (Charlemagne) and Carloman; Charles crowned EMPEROR OF THE WEST, by Leo III., 800. Carloman reigned but three years. 814. Louis I. le Débonnaire, EMPEROR; dethroned, but restored to his dominions. 840. Charles, surnamed the Bald, KING; EMPEROR in 875; poisoned by Zedechias, a Jewish physician. 877. Louis II., the Stammerer, son of Charles the Bald, KING. 879. Louis III. and Carloman II.; the former died in 882, and Carloman reigned alone. £84. Charles III. le Gros; a usurper, in prejudice to Charles the Simple. 887. Eudes, or Hugh, count of Paris. 88. Charles III. (or IV.), the Simple; deposed, and died in prison in 929; he married Edgiva, daughter of Edward the Elder, of England, by whom he had a son, King Louis IV. 922. Robert, brother of Eudes; crowned at Rheims; Charles killed him in battle. Hénault. Rudolf or Raoul, duke of Burgundy; elected king, but never acknowledged by the southern provinces. Hénault. 923 936. Louis IV. d'Outremer, or Transmarine (from having been conveyed by his mother into England), son of Charles III. (or IV.); died by a fall from his horse. 954. Lothaire, his son; reigned jointly with his father from 952, and succeeds him at 15 years of age, under the protection of Hugh the Great; poisoned. 986. Louis V., the Indolent, son of Lothaire; also poisoned, it is supposed by his queen, Blanche; last of the race of Charlemagne. 1314. Philip III., the Hardy; son; died at Perpignan, 6 Oct. Philip IV., the Fair; son; king in his 17th year; died 29 Nov. Louis X.; son; surnamed Hutin, an old word for headstrong, or mutinous, died 5 June. 1316. John I., posthumous son of Louis X.; born 15 Nov.; died 19 Nov. Philip V. the Long (on account of his stature); brother of Louis; died 3 Jan. 1322. Charles IV., the Handsome; brother; died 31 Jan. 1328. 1328. 1350. HOUSE OF VALOIS. Philip VI., de Valois, the Fortunate; grandson of John II. the Good; son; died suddenly in the Savoy 1364. Charles V., the Wise; son; died 16 Sept. 1380. Charles VI. the Beloved; son; died 21 Oct. 1422. Charles VII., the Victorious; son; died 22 July, 1461. Louis XI.; son; able but cruel: died 30 Aug. 1483. Charles VIII., the Affable; son; died 7 April, 1498. Louis XII., Duke of Orleans; the Father of his People; great-grandson of Charles V.; died 1589. Henry IV., the Great, of Bourbon, king of Navarre; son-in-law of Henry II.; murdered by Francis Ravaillac, 14 May, 1610. Louis XIII., the Just; son; died 14 May, 1643. Louis XIV., the Great, Dieudonné; son; died 1 Sept. 1715. Louis XV., the Well-beloved; great-grandson; died 20 May, 1774. Louis XVI., his grandson; ascended the throne in his 20th year; married the archduchess Marie Antoinette, of Austria, May, 1770; dethroned, 14 July, 1789; guillotined, 21 Jan. 1793, and his queen, 16 Oct. following. [Louis was executed Monday, 21 January, 1793, at eight o'clock A. M. On the scaffold he said, "Frenchmen, I die innocent of the offences imputed to me. I pardon all my enemies, and I implore of Heaven that my beloved France” At this instant Santerre ordered the drums to heat, and the executioners to perform their office. When the guillotine descended, the priest exclaimed: "Son of St. Louis! ascend to heaven." The bleeding head was then held up, and a 1852. few of the populace shouted, "Vive la République!" The body was interred in a grave that was immediately afterwards filled up with quick lime, and a strong guard was placed around until it should be consumed. 1793. Louis XVII., son of Louis XVI. He never reigned; and died in prison, supposed by poison, 8 June, 1795, aged 10 years 2 months. THE FIRST REPUBLIC. 1792. The NATIONAL CONVENTION (750 members), first sitting, 21 Sept. 1795. The DIRECTORY (Lareveillère Lépaux, Letourneur, Rewbell, Barras, and Carnot) nominated 1 Nov.; abolished, and Bonaparte, Ducos, and Siéyès appointed an executive commission, Nov. 1799. 1799. The CONSULATE Napoleon Bonaparte, Cambacérès, and Lebrun appointed consuls, 24 Dec. Napoleon appointed consul for 10 years, 6 May, 1802; for life, 2 Aug. 1802. FIRST EMPIRE. (See article Bonaparte Family.) [Established by the senate 18 May, 1804.] 1804. Napoleon (Bonaparte) I.; born 15 Aug. 1769. He married, 1st, Josephine, widow of Alexis, vicomte de Beauharnais, 8 March, 1796 (who was divorced 16 Dec., 1809, and died 29 May, 1814); 2nd, Maria-Louisa of Austria, 2 April, 1810 (she died 17 Dec. 1847). Son, Napoleon Joseph, duke of Reichstadt, born 20 March, 1811; died, 22 July, 1832. He renounced the thrones of France and Italy, Again appeared in France, 1 March, 1815. 1815. Banished to St. Helena, where he dies, 5 May, 1821. (See France, p. 274). BOURBONS RESTORED. 1814. Louis XVIII. (comte de Provence), brother of Louis XVI.; born 17 Nov. 1755; married MarieJosephine-Louise of Savoy; entered Paris, and took possession of the throne, 3 May, 1814; obliged to flee, 20 March, 1815; returned 8 July, same year; died without issue, 16 Sept. 1824. 1824. Charles X. (comte d'Artois), his brother; born 9 Oct. 1757; married Marie-Thérèse of Savoy; deposed 30 July, 1830. He resided in Britain till 1832, and died at Gratz, in Hungary, 6 Nov. 1835. [Heir: Henry, duc de Bordeaux, called comte de Chambord, son of the duc de Berry; born 29 Sept. 1820; married princess Theresa of Modena, Nov. 1846; no issue.] HOUSE OF ORLEANS. (See Orleans.) 1830. Louis-Philippe, son of Louis-Philippe, duke of Orleans, called Egalité, descended from Philippe, duke of Orleans, son of Louis XIII.; born 6 Oct. 1773; married 25 Nov. 1809, Maria-Amelia, daughter of Ferdinand I. (IV.) king of the Two Sicilies; (she died 24 March, 1866). Raised to the throne as king of the French, 9 Aug. 1830; abdicated 24 Feb. 1848. Died in exile, in England, 26 Aug. 1850. [Heir: Louis-Philippe, count of Paris; born 24 Aug. 1838.] SECOND REPUBLIC, 1848. The revolution commenced in a popular insurrection at Paris, 22 Feb. 1848. The royal family escaped by flight to England, a provisional government was established, monarchy abolished, and France declared a republic. Charles-Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, declared by the National Assembly (19 Dec.) PRESIDENT of the republic of France; and proclaimed next day, 20 Dec.; elected for ten years, 22 Dec. 1851. FRENCH EMPIRE REVIVED. [1821. Napoleon II. (decreed to be so termed by Napoleon III. on his accession). NapoleonJoseph, son of Napoleon I. and Maria-Louisa, archduchess of Austria; born 20 March, 1811: created king of Rome. On the abdication of his father he was made duke of Reichstadt, in Austria; and died at the palace of Schoenbrunn, 22 July, 1832, aged 21.] Napoleon III, formerly president of the French republic, elected emperor, 21, 22 Nov. 1852; proclaimed, 2 Dec. 1852; surrendered himself a prisoner to the king of Prussia at Sedan, 2 Sept. 1870 deposed at Paris, 4 Sept.; arrives at Wilhelmshöhe, near Cassel, 5 Sept.; deposition confirmed by the national assembly, 1 March; he protested against it, 6 March, 1871; died at Chiselhurst, England, 9 Jan. 1873; buried there 15 Jan. Empress Eugénie-Marie (a Spaniard, countess of Teba), born 5 May, 1826; married 29 Jan. 1853. Heir: Napoleon - Eugène-Louis-Jean-Joseph, son; born 16 March, 1856. [On 18 Dec. 1852, the succession, in default of issue from the emperor, was determined in favour of prince Jerome-Napoleon and his heirs male.] THIRD REPUBLIC. Louis Adolphe Thiers (born 16 April, 1797) appointed chief of the executive power, 17 Feb., and president of the French republic, by the national assembly, 31 Aug. 1871. FRANCE, ISLE OF, see Mauritius. FRANCHE COMTE, in upper Burgundy, E. France, was conquered by Julius Caesar, about 45 B.C.; by the Burgundians, early in the fifth century, A.D.; and by the Franks about 534. It was made a county for Hugh the Black in 915, and received its name from having been taken from Renaud III. the count's daughter, Beatrice, (1127-48), and restored to him. By marriage with the emperor Frederick I. acquired the county, 1156. Their descendant, Mary of Burgundy, by marriage with the archduke Maximilian, conveyed it to the house of Austria, 1477. It was conquered by the French, 1668; restored by the treaty of Aix la Chapelle, 2 May, 1668; again conquered; and finally annexed to France by treaty, 1674. In FRANCHISE. A privilege or exemption from ordinary jurisdiction, and anciently an asylum or sanctuary where the person was secure. Spain, churches and monasteries were, until lately, franchises for criminals, as formerly in England; see Sanctuaries. In 1429, the ELECTIVE FRANCHISE for counties was restricted to persons having at least 40s. a year in land, and resident; for recent changes, see Reform. John Francis, a youth, fired a pistol at queen VicFRANCIS' ASSAULT ON THE QUEEN. toria as she was riding down Constitution-hill, in an open barouche, accompanied by prince Albert, 30 May, 1842. The queen was uninjured. Previous intimation having reached the palace of the intention of the criminal, her majesty had commanded that none of the ladies of her court should attend her. Francis was condemned to death, 17 June, following, but was transported for life. FRANCISCANS. Grey or Minor Friars, an order founded by St. Francis d'Assisi, about 1209. Their rules were chastity, poverty, obedience, and very austere regimen. About 1220 they appeared in England, where, at the time of the dissolution of abbeys or other houses, 1536-38. monasteries by Henry VIII., they had fifty-five FRANCONIA, or FRANKENLAND (on the Maine), formerly a circle of the German empire, part of Thuringia, was conquered by Thierry, king of the Franks, 530, and colonized. Its count or duke, Conrad, was elected king of Germany, 912; and his descendant was the emperor Conrad III., elected 1138, and another duke. Franconia was made a distinct circle from Thuringia in 1512. At its subdivision in 1806 various German princes obtained a part; but in 1814 the largest share was awarded to Bavaria. FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR originated in the emperor of the French's jealousy of the greatly increased power of Prussia, through the successful issue of the war with Denmark in 1864, and with Austria in 1866. The German Confederation was thereby annulled, and the North German Confederation established under the supremacy of the king of Prussia, to whose territories were further annexed Hanover, Hesse-Cassel, Nassau, Frankfort, and other provinces. This great augmentation of the power of Prussia was mainly due to the energetic policy of count BismarckSchönhausen, prime minister since Sept. 1862. In a draft treaty, secretly proposed to the Prussian government by the French emperor in 1866: "1. The emperor recognises the acquisitions which Prussia has made in the last war; 2. The king of Prussia promises to facilitate the acquisition of Luxemburg by France; 3. The emperor will not oppose a federal union of the northern and southern states of Germany, excluding Austria; 4. The king of Prussia, in case the emperor should enter or conquer Belgium, will support him in arms against any opposing power; 5. They enter into an alliance offensive and defensive." [This draft treaty was published in the Times, 25 July, 1870. After some discussion, its authenticity was admitted; count Bismarck asserting that it emanated entirely from the French emperor, and that the scheme had never been seriously entertained by himself.] In March, 1867, a dispute arose through the French emperor's proposal for purchasing Luxemburg from the king of Holland, which was strongly opposed by Prussia, as that province had formed part of the dissolved Germanic Confederation; and the affair was only settled by a conference of the representatives of the great powers in London, at which the perfect neutrality of Luxemburg was determined, together with the withdrawal of the Prussian garrison and the destruction of the fortifications. 7-11 May, 1867 Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (connected with the Prussian dynasty, and brother of Charles, prince of Roumania), consented to become a candidate for the throne of Spain, 4 July, 1870 This was denounced by the French government. Threatening speeches were made in the French chamber by the duc de Grammont, the foreign minister, and eventually, after some negotiation and the intervention of Great Britain, prince Leopold, with the consent of his sovereign, declined the proffered crown 12 July, The submission did not satisfy the French government and nation, and the demand for a guarantee against the repetition of such an acceptance irritated the Prussian government, and led to the termination of the negotiations, the king refusing to receive the count Benedetti, the French minister 13 July, Energetic but fruitless efforts to avert the war were made by earl Granville, the British foreign minister about 15 July, War was announced by the emperor, with the hearty consent of the great majority of the chambers. The left or republican party opposed the war; M. Thiers and a few others only protested against it as premature 15 July, [After his surrender on 2 Sept., the emperor told count Bismarck that he did not desire war, but was driven into it by public opinion. He appears to have been greatly deceived as to the numerical strength of his army, and its state of preparation.] "The greatest national crime that we have had the pain of recording since the days of the first French revolution has been consummated. is declared-an unjust but premeditated war."Times, 16 July, 1871. (For details of the battles see separate articles.) FRENCH ARMY, about 300,000:- 1st corps, under inarshal MacMahon. 2nd corps, under general Frossard. 3rd crops, under marshal Bazaine. 4th corps, under general Ladmirault. War 5th corps, under general De Failly. 6th corps, under marshal Canrobert. Imperial guard, under general Bourbaki, Commander-in-chief, the emperor; general Le Bœuf, second; succeeded by marshal Bazaine. PRUSSIAN ARMY, about 640,000: 1. Northern, under general Vögel von Falckenstein, about 220,000, defending the Elbe, Hanover, &c. 2. Right, under prince Frederick Charles, about 180,000. 3. Centre, under generals Von Bittenfeld and Von Steinmetz, about 80,000. 4. The left, under the crown prince of Prussia, about 166,000. Commander-in-chief, king William; second, general Von Moltke. The North German army, at the beginning of August, consisted, firstly, of 550,000 line, with 1,200 guns and 53,000 cavalry; secondly, of 187,000 reserve, with 234 guns and 18,000 cavalry; and, thirdly, of 205,000 landwehr or militia, with 10,000 cavalry, making a grand total of 944,000 men, with 1,680 mobilised guns and 193,000 horses. To these must be added, firstly, the Bavarians, 69,000 line, with 192 guns and 14,800 horses-25,000 reserve with 2,400 horses, and 22,000 landwehr; secondly, the Würtembergers-22,000 line with 54 guns and 6,200 horses, 6,500 reserve, and 6,000 landwehr; and, thirdly, the Badenese-16,000 line with 54 guns, 4,000 reserve, and 9,600 landwehr. All the German troops taken together as under arms at present, 1,124,000 men. Aug. 1870. Four weeks previously, on the peace footing, they numbered only 360,000. The French and Germans in this war were considered to be equally brave and efficient; but the French generals appear to have acted greatly upon impulse. The Germans seem to have been invariably guided by a well matured plan, their tactics mainly consisting in bringing vast masses to bear on the point where they were anxious to prevail. From Saarbrück to Sedan, Moltke appears to have left nothing to chance; and all his arrangements were ably carried out. The causes of the early ruin of the French army were: 1, the enormous superiority of the Germans in regard to numbers; 2, the absolute unity of their command and concert of operation : 3, their superior mechanism in equipment and supplies; 4, the superior intelligence, steadiness and discipline of the soldiers; 5, superior education of the officers, and the dash and intelligence of the cavalry."-Quarterly Review. . War resolved on by the French government, 15 July; Day of general prayer observed in Prussia, 27 July, trust in God, to accept the battle for the defence of the fatherland 31 July, 1870 He leaves Berlin for the army, 1 Aug., and an nounces that "all Germany stands united in arms" 3 Aug. The French government announce that they make war, not against Germany, but against Prussia, or rather against the policy of count Bismarck" 2 Aug. The French under Frossard bombard and take Saarbrück in the presence of the emperor and his son; the Prussians, dislodged, retire with little loss . 2 Aug. The duc de Grammont, French foreign minister, publishes a circular replying to Bismarck's charges against France 3 Aug. The crown prince crosses the Lauter, the boundary of France, and defeats the French under Frossard, storming the lines of Wisembourg and Geisberg; general Douay killed. 4 Aug. Battle of Woerth: in a desperate, long-continued battle the crown prince defeats marshal MacMahon and the army of the Rhine; they retire to Saverne to cover Nancy. 6 Aug. Battle of Forbach: Saarbrück recaptured, and Forbach (in France) taken by generals Von Geben and Von Steinmetz, after a fierce contest; all the French retreat 6 Aug. General Turr publishes, in a letter, statements of proposals by Bismarck for the annexation of Luxembourg and Belgium by France, in 1866 and 1867 6 Aug. The emperor, reporting these defeats, says, "Tout peut se rétablir" 7 Aug. The Germans occupy Forbach, Haguenau, and Saarguemines 7 Aug. Marshal Bazaine appointed to the chief command of the French army at Metz (about 130,000); MacMahon has about 50.000 near Saverne; Canrobert about 50,000 near Nancy 8 Aug. Nine French iron-clads pass Dover for the Baltic, St. Avold occupied by the Germans 9 Aug. 9 Aug. 9 Aug. 9 Aug. gained by Von Steinmetz and the 1st army, 14 Aug. 1870 2. Battle of Vionville or Mars-la-Tour, gained by prince Frederick Charles and the 2nd army 16 Aug. 3. Battles of Gravelotte and Rezonville, gained by the combined armies commanded by the king 18 Aug. French sortie from Strasburg repulsed; German attack on Phalsburg repulsed 16 Aug. MacMahon reaches Châlons, 16 Aug. ; joined by the emperor; his army between 130,000 and 150,000 20 Aug.,, The king appoints governors-general of Alsace and Lorraine. 17 Aug. Energetic fortification of Paris by general Trochu, the governor, and the "defence committee' 18 Aug. Estimated German losses: killed, wounded, and missing, 2088 officers, 46,480 men; up to 18 Aug. Severe bombardment of Strasburg 19 Aug. MacMahon's army of the Rhine retreats as the Prussians under the king and crown prince advance; prince Frederick Charles opposed to Bazaine at Metz; [German armies in France about 500,000; the French armies about 300,000; communications between marshals Bazaine and MacMahon very difficult] about 20 Aug. Lieut. Hartli, a Prussian spy, tried and shot at Paris 20 Aug. MacMahon raises his camp at Châlons 20 Aug. The troops extended along the line of the Marne, 21 Aug. Exportation of food prohibited 21 Aug. Bazaine at Metz said to be completely isolated, Phalsburg invested Treaty with Great Britain guaranteeing the neutrality of Belgium, signed on behalf of Prussia, 9 Aug.; of France 11 Aug. Forced resignation of the Ollivier ministry, Aug. New ministry constituted under general Cousin Montauban, comte de Palikao, war minister, Strasburg invested by the Germans. Lichtenburg capitulates to the Germans The little fortress, "La Petite Pierre," 10 Aug. 10 Aug. Moselle, 11 Aug. evacuated, 11 Aug. Communication with Strasburg cut off 11 Aug. Nancy occupied by the Germans without resistance, 12 Aug. The Bavarians pass the Vosges . 12 Aug. The king at St. Avold forbids conscription for the French army in territories held by Germans, 13 Aug. Marshal Bazaine made commander of the army of Toul refuses to surrender 1. Battle of Courcelles (Pange or Longeville) . 25 Aug. Châlons occupied by the Germans 25 Aug. Capitulation of Vitry, a small fortress .25 Aug. Formation of three German armies of reserve in Germany, and a fourth army in the field, under the crown-prince of Saxony, to co-operate with the crown-prince of Prussia against Paris, 26 Aug. Strasburg suffering much by bombardment, 23-26 Aug. Powerful sortie of Bazaine from Metz repulsed, 26 Aug. Two German armies (220,000) marching on Paris, 28 Aug. Continued retreat of MacMahon's army; severe fighting at Dun, Stenay, and Mouzon 28 Aug. Nicholas Schull, a German spy, shot at Metz, 28 Aug. Vrizy, between Vouziers and Attigny, stormed by the Germans 29 Aug. Municipal meetings at Berlin, Königsberg, and other German cities, protest against foreign intervention for peace 30, 31 Aug. MacMahon's army, about 150,000, accompanied by the emperor, retreating northwards; part of it, under De Failly, surprised and defeated near Beaumout, between Mouzon and Moulins; several other engagements, unfavourable to the French, occurred during the day. 30 Aug. Count Bismarck-Bohlen installed governor of Alsace at Haguenau 30 Aug. The Germans enter Carignan; attack the French in the plain of Douzy; the French, at first successful, are defeated, and retreat to Sedan 31 Aug. A French army of old soldiers, about ro0,000, are said to be forming near Lyons 31 Aug. 1870 Bazaine defeated in his endeavour to escape from Metz; after a fierce struggle, retreats into Metz, 31 Aug. 1 Sept. Battle round Sedan: begun at 4 a.m. between Sedan and Douzy; the French at first successful; after a severe struggle and dreadful carnage, the Germans victorious; MacMahon wounded, 5.30 p.m.; general de Wimpffen refuses to accept the terms offered by the king of Prussia 1 Sept. Capitulation of Sedan and the remainder of MacMahon's army; the emperor surrenders to the king (see Sedan) 2 Sept. Vigorous artillery action at Strasburg; a sortie repulsed 2 Sept. Revolution at Paris after the declaration of the capture of MacMahon's army; proclamation of a republic (see France) 4 Sept. Rheims occupied by the Germans and the king, 5 Sept. Jules Favre, the French foreign minister, in a circular to the French diplomatic representatives, says, "We will not cede either an inch of our territories or a stone of our fortresses" 6 Sept. General Vinoy and a corps sent too late to aid MacMahon; retreat and arrive in Paris, 6, 7 Sept. St. Dizier occupied by the Germans Strasburg invested by 60,000 men Verdun vigorously resisting. .7 Sept. 8 Sept. 8 Sept. The German army, in five corps, advancing on Paris, 9 Sept. Laon surrendered to save the town from destruction; by the accidental or treacherous explosion of a magazine some of the German staff and many French perish 9 Sept. Metz, Strasburg, Thionville, Phalsburg, Toul, Bitsche, and other fortified places holding out, 10 Sept. Messages between belligerents transmitted by lord Lyons (at Paris) and count Bernstorff (Prussian minister) in London " 9-10 Sept. 10 Sept. 12 Sept. German attack on Toul repulsed Bridge at Creil over the Oise blown up Seven German corps (about 300,000 men) approaching Paris, which is said to contain 300,000 com13 Sept. batants M. Thiers arrives in London on a mission from the government 13 Sept. 14 Sept. Colmar occupied by the Germans General Trochu reviews the troops in Paris, 13 Sept.: delivers a stirring address; the daily guard ordered to be 70,000 14 Sept. attributed to the disorder of the Zouaves; the national guard behave well 19 Sept. 1870 Count Bismarck consents to receive Jules Favre (about 16 Sept.); they meet at Château de la Haute Maison, 19 Sept.; and at the king's headquarters, Ferrières, near Lagny 20 Sept. Jules Favre reports to the government the result of his interviews with count Bismarck: Prussia demands the cession of the departments of the Upper and Lower Rhine and part of that of Moselle, with Metz, Château Salins and Soissons, and would agree to an armistice in order that a French constituent assembly might meet; the French to surrender Strasburg, Toul and Verdun (or Phalsburg according to Favre), and Mont Valérien, if the assembly meet at Paris; these terms are positively rejected by the French government 21 Sept. Versailles and the troops there surrender, 19 Sept.; entered by the crown prince of Prussia 20 Sept. A lunette captured at Strasburg 20 Sept. General von Steinmetz sent to Posen as governorgeneral; prince Frederick Charles sole commander before Metz Estimated German loss: 60,000 killed and wounded; between 20,000 and 30,000 sick; about 1000 prisoners 15 Sept. French prisoners in Germany: 62 generals, 4800 officers, 140,000 privates, about 15 Sept. Correspondence between count Bernstorff and earl Granville respecting neutrality, said to have been broken; denied by the earl 1-15 Sept. without a permit Siege of Paris begun; ingress and egress prohibited 15 Sept. Blockade of the Elbe and Weser non-effective, 15 Sept. Important circular of M. Favre, condemning the war and recognising the obligations of the country, 17 Sept. Circular letters of count Bismarck, recounting the history of French aggressions on Germany, and asserting the necessity of obtaining material guarantees for the future safety of Germany, and removing the frontiers and point of attack further west 13, 16 Sept. Prussian head-quarters at Meux (20 miles from Paris) 18 Sept. 32 German merchant ships reported to have been captured by the French fleet up to 18 Sept. Vessels sunk in the Seine and Marne, and other vigorous defensive measures adopted, 18, 19 Sept. Paris said to be completely invested; the fortifications reconnoitred by the king, who has fixed his head-quarters at Baron Rothschild's château at Ferrieres, near Lagny 19 Sept. Three French divisions under general Vinoy attack the Germans on the heights of Sceaux; repulsed with loss of 7 guns and 2500 prisoners: the defeat Verdun invested by the Germans 23, 24, 27 Sept. All the departments of the Seine and Marne occupied by Germans 26 Sept. The iron cross given by the crown prince of Prussia to above 30 soldiers beneath the statue of Louis XIV. at Versailles. 26 Sept. Circular of Von Thile, Prussian foreign minister, stating that as the ruling powers in France decline an armistice, and as no recognised government exists in Paris (the government de facto being removed to Tours), all communications with and from Paris can only be carried on so far as the military events may permit, 27 Sept. Clermont occupied by the Germans after a brief vigorous resistance, overcome by artillery, 27 Sept. Commencement of attack on Soissons 28 Sept. Capitulation of Strasburg, 27 Sept.; formally surrendered 28 Sept. Sortie of general Vinoy's army (at Paris); repulsed, after two hours' fighting, crown prince present; above 200 prisoners taken; general Giulham killed 30 Sept. Above 375,000 national guards said to be in Paris, 30 Sept. Conflict near Rouen; at first favourable to the French; their loss 1200 killed and wounded; 300 prisoners. Beauvais captured by the Germans . . 30 Sept. 30 Sept. 1 Oct. Circular from count Bismarck, disclaiming any intention of reducing France to a second-rate power, 1 Oct. The American general Burnside visits M. Favre, 1 Oct. Surgeon-major Wyatt writes that Paris is wellprovisioned, and nearly inexpugnable I Oct. M. Thiers' fruitless visit to Vienna, 23 Sept.; to St. Petersburg, 27 Sept.; dined with the czar, 2 Oct. The grand duke of Mecklenburg at Rheims appointed governor of the country conquered in addition to Alsace and Lorraine 2 Oct. M. Favre, in the name of the diplomatic body. requests count Bismarck to give notice before |
