existing Naturalization Law, ratification being obtained only in the event that such legislative reform is undertaken, and after it may have been effected. (Signed) Héctor David Castro, Arturo R. Avila; Dominican Re public: Tulio M. Cestero; Haiti: J. Barau, F. Salgado, 1935 PROTECTION OF ARTISTIC AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS AND HISTORIC MONUMENTS-TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE OTHER AMERICAN REPUBLICS Signed at Washington, April 15, 1935; ratification advised by the Senate of the United States, July 2, 1935 (legislative day of May 13, 1935); ratified by the President of the United States, July 10, 1935; ratification of the United States of America deposited with the Pan American Union at Washington, July 13, 1935; proclaimed by the President of the United States, October 25, 1935 (Treaty Series, No. 899; 49 Statutes at Large, 3267) The High Contracting Parties, animated by the purpose of giving conventional form to the postulates of the Resolution approved on December 16, 1933, by all the States represented at the Seventh International Conference of American States, held at Montevideo, which recommended to "the Governments of America which have not yet 40639-38-vol. 4- -60 done so that they sign the 'Roerich Pact', initiated by the Roerich Museum in the United States, and which has as its object, the universal adoption of a flag, already designed and generally known, in order thereby to preserve in any time of danger all nationally and privately owned immovable monuments which form the cultural treasure of peoples", have resolved to conclude a treaty with that end in view, and to the effect that the treasures of culture be respected and protected in time of war and in peace, have agreed upon the following articles: ARTICLE I. The historic monuments, museums, scientific, artistic, educational and cultural institutions shall be considered as neutral and as such respected and protected by belligerents. The same respect and protection shall be due to the personnel of the institutions mentioned above. The same respect and protection shall be accorded to the historic monuments, museums, scientific, artistic, educational and cultural institutions in time of peace as well as in war. ARTICLE II. The neutrality of, and protection and respect due to, the monuments and institutions mentioned in the preceding article, shall be recognized in the entire expanse of territories subject to the sover eignty of each of the signatory and acceding States, without any discrimination as to the State allegiance of said monuments and institu tions. The respective Governments agree to adopt the measures of internal legislation necessary to insure said protection and respect. ARTICLE III. In order to identify the monuments and institutions mentioned in article I, use may be made of a distinctive flag (red circle with a triple red sphere in the circle on a white background) in accordance with the model attached to this treaty. ARTICLE IV. The signatory Governments and those which accede to this treaty, shall send to the Pan American Union, at the time of signature or accession, or at any time thereafter, a list of the monuments and institutions for which they desire the protection agreed to in this treaty. The Pan American Union, when notifying the Governments of signatures or accessions, shall also send the list of monuments and institutions mentioned in this article, and shall inform the other Governments of any changes in said list. ARTICLE V. The monuments and institutions mentioned in article I shall cease to enjoy the privileges recognized in the present treaty in case they are made use of for military purposes. ARTICLE VI. The States which do not sign the present treaty on the date it is opened for signature, may sign or adhere to it at any time. ARTICLE VII. The instruments of accession, as well as those of ratification and denunciation of the present treaty, shall be depos ited with the Pan American Union, which shall communicate notice of the act of deposit to the other signatory or acceding States. ARTICLE VIII. The present treaty may be denounced at any time by any of the signatory or acceding States, and the denunciation shall go into effect three months after notice of it has been given to the other signatory or acceding States. In witness whereof, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, after having deposited their full powers found to be in due and proper form, sign this treaty on behalf of their respective governments, and affix thereto their seals, on the dates appearing opposite their signatures. (Signed on April 15, 1935.) (Signed) For the Argentine Republic: Felipe A. Espil; for Bolivia: Enrique Finot; for Brazil: Oswaldo Aranha; for Chile: M. Trucco; for Colombia: M. Lopez Pumarejo; for Costa Rica: Man. Gonzalez Z.; for Cuba: Guillermo Patterson; for the Dominican Republic: Raf. Brache; for Ecuador: C. E. Alfaro; for El Salvador: Hector David Castro; for Guatemala: Adrian Recinos; for Haiti: A. Blanchet; for Honduras: M. Paz Baraona: for Mexico: F. Castillo Najera: for Nicaragua: Henri de Bayle; for Panama: Ř. J. Alfaro; for Paraguay: Enrique Bordenave; for Peru: M. de Freyre y S.; for United States of America: Henry A. Wallace; for Uruguay: J. Richling; for Venezuela: Pedro M. Arcaya. 1936 MAINTENANCE, PRESERVATION, AND REESTABLISHMENT OF PEACE-CONVENTION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND OTHER AMERICAN REPUBLICS Signed at Buenos Aires, December 23, 1936; ratification advised by the Senate of the United States, June 29, 1937; ratified by the President of the United States, July 15, 1937; ratification of the United States of America deposited with the Government of Argentina, August 25, 1937; proclaimed by the President of the United States, September 16, 1937 (Treaty Series, No. 922; 51 Statutes at Large, —) (The following text has been taken from the Senate print of the Convention, the Treaty Series print being in the hands of the Printer :) CONVENTION FOR THE MAINTENANCE, PRESERVATION AND REESTABLISHMENT OF PEACE The Governments represented at the Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Peace, Considering: That according to the statement of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the President of the United States, to whose lofty ideals the meeting of this Conference is due, the measures to be adopted by it "would advance the cause of world peace, inasmuch as the agreements which might be reached would supplement and reinforce the efforts of the League of Nations and of all other existing or future peace agencies in seeking to prevent war"; That every war or threat of war affects directly or indirectly all civilized peoples and endangers the great principles of liberty and justice which constitute the American ideal and the standard of American international policy; That the Treaty of Paris of 1928 (Kellogg-Briand Pact) has been accepted by almost all of the civilized states, whether or not members of other peace organizations, and that the Treaty of Non-Aggression and Conciliation of 1933 (Saavedra Lamas Pact signed at Rio de Janeiro) has the approval of the twenty-one American Republics represented in this Conference, Have resolved to give contractual form to these purposes by concluding the present Convention, to which end they have appointed the Plenipotentiaries hereafter mentioned: Argentina: Carlos Saavedra Lamas, Roberto M. Ortiz, Miguel Angel Cárcano, José María Cantilo, Felipe A. Espil, Leopoldo Melo, Isidoro Ruiz Moreno, Daniel Antokoletz, Carlos Brebbia, César Díaz Cisneros. Paraguay: Miguel Angel Soler, J. Isidro Ramírez. Honduras: Antonio Bermúdez M., Julián López Pineda. Venezuela: Caracciolo Parra Pérez, Gustavo Herrera, Alberto Zerego Fombona. Peru: Carlos Concha, Alberto Ulloa, Felipe Barreda Laos, Diómedes Arias Schreiber. El Salvador: Manuel Castro Ramírez, Maximiliano Patricio Brannon. Mexico: Francisco Castillo Nájera, Alfonso Reyes, Ramón Beteta, Juan Manuel Alvarez del Castillo. Brazil: José Carlos de Macedo Soares, Oswaldo Aranha, José de Paula Rodriguez Alves, Helio Lobo, Hildebrando Pompeu Pinto Accioly, Edmundo da Luz Pinto, Roberto Carneiro de Mendonça, Rosalina Coelho Lisboa de Miller, María Luiza Bittencourt. Uruguay: José Espalter, Pedro Manini Ríos, Eugenio Martínez Thedy, Juan Antonio Buero, Felipe Ferreiro, Andrés F. Puyol, Abalcázar García, José G. Antuña, Julio César Cerdeiras Alonso, Gervasio Posadas Belgrano. Guatemala: Carlos Salazar, José A. Medrano, Alfonso Carrillo. Nicaragua: Luis Manuel Debayle, José María Moncada, Modesto Valle. Dominican Republic: Max Henríquez Ureña, Tulio M. Cestero, Enrique Jiménez. Colombia: Jorge Soto del Corral, Miguel López Pumarejo, Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez, Alberto Lleras Camargo, José Ignacio Díaz Granados. Panama: Harmodio Arias M., Julio Fábrega, Eduardo Chiari. United States of America: Cordell Hull, Sumner Welles, Alexander W. Weddell, Adolph A. Berle, Jr., Alexander F. Whitney, Charles G. Fenwick, Michael Francis Doyle, Elise F. Musser. Chile: Miguel Cruchaga Tocornal, Luis Barros Borgoño, Félix Nieto del Río, Ricardo Montaner Bello. Ecuador: Humberto Albornoz, Antonio Pons, José Gabriel Navarro, Francisco Guarderas, Eduardo Salazar Gómez. Bolivia: Enrique Finot, David Alvéstegui, Eduardo Diez de Medina, Alberto Ostria Gutiérrez, Carlos Romero, Alberto Cor tadellas, Javier Paz Campero. Haiti: Horacio Pauleus Sannon, Camille J. León, Elie Lescot, Edmé Manigat, Pierre Eugene de Lespinasse, Clémente Magloire. Cuba: José Manuel Cortina, Ramón Zaydin, Carlos Márquez Sterling, Rafael Santos Jiménez, César Salaya, Calixto Whitmarsh, José Manuel Carbonell. Who, after having deposited their full powers, found to be in good and due form, have agreed as follows: ARTICLE I. In the event that the peace of the American Republics is menaced, and in order to coordinate efforts to prevent war, any of the Governments of the American Republics signatory to the Treaty of Paris of 1928 or to the Treaty of Non-Aggression and Conciliation of 1933, or to both, whether or not a member of other peace organizations, shall consult with the other Governments of the American Republics, which, in such event, shall consult together for the purpose of finding and adopting methods of peaceful cooperation. ARTICLE II. In the event of war, or a virtual state of war between American States, the Governments of the American Republics represented at this Conference shall undertake without delay the necessary mutual consultations, in order to exchange views and to seek, within the obligations resulting from the pacts above mentioned and from the standards of international morality, a method of peaceful collaboration; and, in the event of an international war outside America which might menace the peace of the American Republics, such consultation shall also take place to determine the proper time and manner in which the signatory states, if they so desire, may eventually cooperate in some action tending to preserve the peace of the American Continent. ARTICLE III. It is agreed that any question regarding the interpretation of the present Convention, which it has not been possible to settle through diplomatic channels, shall be submitted to the procedure of conciliation provided by existing agreements, or to arbitration or to judicial settlement. ARTICLE IV. The present Convention shall be ratified by the High Contracting Parties in conformity with their respective constitutional procedures. The original convention shall be deposited in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Argentine Republic which shall communicate the ratifications to the other signatories. The Convention shall come into effect between the High Contracting Parties in the order in which they have deposited their ratifications. ARTICLE V. The present Convention shall remain in effect indefinitely but may be denounced by means of one year's notice, after the expiration of which period the Convention shall cease in its effects as regards the party which denounces it but shall remain in effect for the remaining signatory States. Denunciations shall be addressed to the Government of the Argentine Republic, which shall transmit them to the other contracting States. In witness whereof, the above mentioned Plenipotentiaries sign the present Convention in English, Spanish, Portuguese and French and hereunto affix their respective seals, at the City of Buenos Aires, |