shrubs, with asphalte footpaths, provided at a cost of 1,000l., half of which will be borne by the Metropolitan Board of Works. Owing mainly to the exertions of the Metropolitan Fublic Garden, Boulevard, and Playground Association, another playground has been freely opened to the poor children resident in the densely-crowded district of All Saints, Mile End New Town. A large space which adjoins the parish church in Buxton Street has been asphalted, and supplied with swings, horizontal bars, and other athletic apparatus for the recreation of the juvenile population of the locality. The entire cost incurred his not exceeded 2007. Owing to the exertions of the Metropolitan Public Garden, Boulevard, and Playground Association, who have provided seats and an caretaker, the extensive churchyar! surrounding St. Dunstan's, Stepney-some five or six acres in extenthas been thrown open to the public.

extra

It

THE Health Journal, for May 1, presents its readers with a coloured lithograph giving the perspective and plan of the playground in Orchard Street, Pendleton. belongs to the firm of Sir Elkanah Armitage and Sons, and is a little less than an acre in extent, being 120 yards long by 30 yards wide. Some three years ago, being still unoccupied, it was determined by the owners to try and utilise it temporarily for the benefit of those who lived in the crowded neighbourhood adjoining. The land was accordingly levelled, drained, gravelled, and surrounded by wooden palisadings. The walls are frequently limewashed, and have their appearance relieved by ivy and other creeping plants. To add to the general cheerfulness of the place, a broad bank of grass runs entirely around it, and in the centre of the ground, and dividing it into two parts, is a handsome wooden pavilion or shelter, surrounding which are also grass banks with flower beds. One half of the playground is devoted to a gymnasium, consisting of seesaws for children, swings for boys and girls, horizontal bars for youths and men, parallel bars, &c., and in this part is also a large heap of sand, digging in which affords great enjoyment to the very young children. other half of the ground is devoted to quoits, skittle alley, spring boards for high and long jump, and in the centre of this part is a raised platform, around which are grass and flower beds. A local band voluntarily plays here one evening weekly during the summer months. The cost of the ground is stated by Mr. G. A. Southam, of the firm of Sir Elkanah Armitage and Sons, to be a little under 1,000/., and the annual cost of maintenance (keeper's wages, repairs, &c.), exclusive of rent, 837. Mr. Southam on a recent occasion said in relation to this playground: 'On the evening the band played, there were often 1,200 to 1,500 people present. The playground was open to every one; all sorts and conditions of men, women, and children frequented it, and though the rough element was strongly represented in the neighbourhood, the caretaker, who was always present, had no difficulty in preserving order, and it was gratifying to state that never had any wilful damage been done to this property-not a shrub had been injured or a flower plucked.'

The

THE Duke of Westminster has thrown open the whole of the charming grounds and gardens of Eaton Hall on Sundays to the labourers on the estate on production of tickets. The public during the week already enjoy the privilege of access to a great portion of the park and grounds alongside the Dee, while admittance can be obtained to the hall during the greater part of the year on payment of Is., which his Grace afterwards contributes towards the fund of the Chester Infirmary.

By permission of the Benchers, the Inner Temple Gardens will be open to the public on and after Monday next during the months of June, July, and August, from six to nine o'clock every evening.

THE Metropolitan Board of Works have recently sanctioned week-day band performances in an allotted portion of Finsbury Park, and it is proposed by those who have taken the matter in hand that these performances shall

take place on two evenings in the week! The performance will be given each Monday and Saturday evening until further notice. There are charges for programmes and seats, out of the proceeds of which the expenses are to be defrayed. The Sunday Band has also commenced its season in Finsbury Park, so that it would seem that the working classes in the north of London are better provided for in the matter of al-fresco music than their brethren at the west.

THE Corporation of Newcastle are negotiating with the owners of the land adjoining Elwick Park with a view to a purchase for further extension of the park, conformably with the recommendation of the Parks Committee of the Corporation.

CREMATION NOTES.

CREMATION IN CHINA.-In the last issue of the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs Medical Reports, Dr. A. Henry contributes some remarks upon cremation in that country. Marco Polo repeatedly asserts that the Chinese wherever he travelled were in the habit of burning their dead; on the other hand, Chinese historical works make no mention of the practice, and burial is the almost universal custom at present. The books in which the subject of cremation in China is treated only speak of it as being practised upon the bodies of Buddhist priests and lepers. In only one, however, of the many Buddhist temples at the town where Dr. Henry is stationed are the

bodies of the inmates burned after death. The method of incineration is commendable as efficient, aesthetic, and inexpensive; but it is too slow except for Buddhist priests in China. In the grounds of the temple is a small domelike edifice, the interior of which communicates with the open air by a small door only-a charcoal kiln, in fact. The dead priest is placed in a sitting posture inside the dome, and charcoal and firewood are piled around him; fire is applied, and the door is shut until combustion is complete. Children are sometimes cremated, but for superstitious reasons only. When several young children of a family have died in succession, the body of one of them is burned under the belief that this ceremony will insure the survival of the next child born to the family. In these cases the body is simply brought to an open field in a box and placed upon firewood, which is ignited. China and India are pre-eminently countries in which a rational system of cremation might be encouraged with much advantage.

MAINLY through the efforts of Dr. Felix Formento, the citizens of New Orleans have organised a cremation society of forty members. New Orleans, more than any other take the place of the present system of entombment. city, needs a safe method of disposing of her dead, to

THE New York Cremation Society, notwithstanding the prejudice which exists in America against the burning of human bodies, is determined to promote and popularise this manner of disposing of the dead. The repugnance to incineration, it is thought, is gradually decreasing, and with time, which works much greater wonders, people will grow quite accustomed to cremation ovens. Therefore, land has been purchased on the highest and most picturesque grounds on Manhattan Island, where a furnace is to be erected to reduce departed friends and relatives to ashes. The cemetery will be, if present plans in the world. It is expressly wished to deprive it of the are carried out, more complete than anything of the kind mournful aspect usually associated with burial-grounds, and to this end there are to be no yew or willow trees planted, nor any emblems of mourning. A handsome chapel for memorial services is to be built, and the grounds are to be tastefully laid out, and adorned with flowers. Nor will there be, we gather from the American papers, any wasting or burning of the bodies, but human remains

will be incinerated by an intensely hot, dry air, radiating from furnaces fifteen feet distant, which will in a short space of time reduce the corpse to a heap of ashes.'

THE remains of the late Dr. Samuel D. Gross were cremated at the Lemoyne Furnace, Washington, where his wife's remains were recently cremated. The ashes weighed about seven pounds, were hermetically sealed in a tin box, and placed in the coffin in which the body was carried to Washington, and taken back to Philadelphia where the coffin was removed to the late residence of Dr. Gross, and subsequently the ashes were enclosed in a marble urn about three feet high, unornamented and without inscription, and placed beside the coffin of Dr. Gross's late wife in the family vault. The Rev. Dr. Charles Currie read the Episcopal burial service at the cemetery.

A CORRESPONDENT of the Glasgow Herald relates the following anecdote in relation to cremation. An Englishman, holding forth in a Scotch hotel on the subject of the cremation of bodies in place of the present mode of burial, wound up by declaring that he had made up his mind to leave directions with his executors and friends that when

he died his body should be burned. A canny old Scotchman, who did not relish the innovation, set the table in a roar' by remarking, 'Ye seem in a great hurry about that business, ma freen. A' that may possibly be ordaned to be dune, without ony bother to your friends or executors, in the Lord's guid time and pleasure.'

AT the last meeting of the City Commissioners of Sewers, the Sanitary Committee reported on the reference to consider whether it was not advisable that a proper crematorium should be erected at Ilford Cemetery in order that the public might adopt that mode of sepulture if they so wished. By the courtesy of Sir Henry Thompson, Sir Spencer Wells, and other members of the Cremation Society of England they were enabled to observe the cremation of a horse at the crematorium at Woking belonging to that society. In the meantime a Bill was introduced into the House of Commons with a view to regulating the proceedings in the cremation of the dead, but it was rejected on a second reading. In these circumstances the committee thought it was inexpedient to erect any apparatus for the purposes of cremation at Ilford until that mode of disposal had been regulated by Parliament and had its approval. The consideration of the report was deferred.

A ROMAN CREMATORIUM.-Some workmen engaged in excavations in the bail within the boundaries of the old Roman city at Lincoln lately came across a crematory furnace and a sarcophagus. In the latter were found ten urns, which contained dust and calcined bones. The urns were of different sizes and shapes, and were all provided with saucer-shaped covers. Only one of them, however, was got out perfect. The interior of the sarcophagus was lined with long thin bricks, which perished on being exposed to the air.

CONGRESSES.

A HYGIENIC INDUSTRIAL CONGRESS will take place at Rouen on July 26 and 27. The questions discussed will relate to Hygiene for the working classes, in factories and at home.

COMPETITIONS.

MR. W. PICTON, of Liverpool, who was appointed by the Newcastle Corporation to decide upon the designs sent in for the erection of baths and washhouses in Scotswood Road, Byker, and Arthur's Hill, has announced his award as follows:-For the Scotswood Road site: First, Messrs. Gibson & Allen, Newcastle-on-Tyne; second, Messrs. Clark & Moscrop, Darlington; third, Messrs. Tate & Popplewell, Manchester. For the Byker site: First, Messrs. Gibson & Allen, Newcastle-on-Tyne; second, Messrs. Clark & Moscrop, Darlington; third, Mr. J. W. Dyson, Newcastle. For the Arthur's Hill site: First, Messrs. Gibson & Allen, Newcastle-on-Tyne; second, Messrs.

SANITARY INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN. AT the annual general meeting held at the Parkes Museum of Hygiene on May 7, Right Hon. Earl Fortescue in the chair, a report was presented by the Council on the progress of the institute, and on the work achieved at the very successful Congress and Exhibition held at Glasgow in the autumn of 1883. The Chairman of Council, Dr. A. Carpenter, gave an address, and the officers for the ensuing year were elected, the President being His Grace the Duke of Northumberland, and the trustees Sir John Lubbock, Bart., D.C.L., F.R.S., Thomas Salt, Esq., M.P., and Dr. B. W. Richardson, F.R.S.

SANITARY INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN.
EXAMINATION OF LOCAL SURVEYORS AND INSPECTORS OF
NUISANCES.

Ar an examination held June 5 and 6 twenty-three candidates presented themselves. The Institute's Certificate of Competency to discharge the duties of Local Surveyors was awarded to W. H. Radford, J. Bowman Wilson, Charles Gilby, W. Tattersall, and to discharge the duties of Inspectors ot Nuisances, R. Gibbs, G. W. Jobbings, Kenneth Cameron, T. S. Ainge, T. Turner, R. Jeffery, J. Parker, J. Mallinson, W. A. Shadrake, W. C. Beck, T. Haslam, F. T. Poulson, J. Whyte, A. Sutcliffe, C. J. Easton (see page 620).

THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS. Ar the concluding meeting of this society for the Session 1883-84, held on Tuesday, May 27, Sir J. W. Bazalgette, C.B., president, in the chair, it was announced that during the session there have been elected 51 members, 214 associate members (of whom 73 were previously students), and 13 associates. In the same period 45 associate members and one associate have been transferred to the class of members and two associates to the class of associate members, whilst 17 students have been admitted. The register and lists now contain the names of 21 honorary members, 1,439 members, 1,864 associate members, 510 associates, and 778 students, making a total of 4,612 of all classes. Ten years ago the gross numbers amounted to 2,468 and twelve months back to 4,403, so that the increase in the session had been at the rate of 5 per cent.

CONFERENCES.

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH EXHIBITION, LONDON, 1884.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION. THE Executive Council of the International Health Exhibition have determined to hold an International Conference on Education in connection with the Education Division of the Exhibition. They have appointed a Committee of Management, who have drawn up the following programme. For convenience of discussion all papers to be read will be printed beforehand, and they will subsequently be published by the Executive Council.

Persons desirous of attending the Conference are invited to send in their names to Mr. R. Cowper, secretary to the Committee of Management, International Health Exhibition, South Kensington, to whom any inquiries can be addressed.

(By order) EDWARD CUNLIFFE-OWEN, Secretary. COMMITTEE Of Management.

The Lord Reay (chairman); B. St. John Ackers, Esq.; Venerable Archdeacon Emery; J. G. Fitch, Esq.; Rev. Thomas Graham, D.D.; Philip Magnus, Esq.; Rev. James H. Rigg, D.D.; Rev. T. W. Sharpe; Hon. E. Lyulph Stanley, M.P.; Francis Storr, Esq., Richard Cowper, Esq. (secretary).

1. Conditions of Healthy Education.-Under this head may be included the consideration of the structure, fitting, and equipments of a school; gymnastics, and other physical exercises; the right apportionment of time to different subjects of instruction in schools of various classes; the indirect effect of pictorial or other decoration in improving the taste and cultivating the imagination, and in increasing the scholars' interest in their work.

2. Infant Training and Teaching.-(a) Kindergarten; (6) Instruction generally:-Under this head may be included the right structure of schools and class-rooms for very young children; the apparatus needed for play and for instruction; the exercises, mental or manual, best fitted to awaken the faculties; the distribution of time; pictures, decoration, collections of objects, &c.

3. Technical Teaching.-(a) Science; (6) Art; (c) Handicrafts: (d) Agriculture; (e) Domestic Economy:-Under this head may be included-(a) Methods of teaching the different branches of physical and of natural science, the equipment of school laboratories, the value of experimental work by pupils, the organisation of evening science classes and of science schools, the connection between the teaching of pure and applied science. (b) The teaching of drawing and of colouring as a preparation for designing and decorative work. (c) The value of special and general workshop instruction in elementary, higher, and evening schools; the equipment of school workshops. (d) The teaching of agricultural science in elementary, in intermediate, and higher schools. in evening science classes, in special colleges, and in the universities; methods of teaching, experimental farms. (e) Methods of teaching cookery in schools-e.g. by book lessons, by demonstrative lectures, and in school kitchens. 4. Teaching of Music in Schools.

5. Museums, Libraries, and other Subsidiary Aids to Instruction in connection with Schools. -Under this head may be included the means of establishing and managing school libraries; the promotion, with the help of the scholars or otherwise, of museums of art and science illustrative of the local fauna, flora, industry, history, archæology, &c., &c.; school savings' banks; botanical and other field excursions, visits to picture galleries and museums, voluntary evening classes for singing, recitations, &c.; and generally the me ins of connecting the influence of the school with home life and selfimprovement.

6. Training of Teachers.-Under this head will be considered the right professional preparation for teachers in-(a) Elementary, (b) Intermediate and Higher, (c) Special and Technical Schools. The relative advantages of training in special institutions and in colleges for general education; normal colleges-their constitution, conditions of admission, programme of studies; apprenticeship; model and practising schools; universities; and their relations to the training of teachers; professorships and lectureships on education; examination for diplomas and certificates; legal recognition of such diplomas and certificates; registration of teachers.

7. Inspection and Examination of Schools. (a) By the State, (6) by the universities, (c) by other public bodies.

8. Organisation of Elementary Education.

9. Organisation of Intermediate and Higher Education.

10. Organisation of University Education.

11. Systems of Public Instruction in various Countries.

APPOINTMENTS UNDER THE PUBLIC HEALTH ACT.

MEDICAL OFFICERS OF HEALTH.

BLACK, George, M.D., has been re-appointed Medical Officer of Health for the Keswick Urban Sanitary District, at £23 for one

year.

DAVIES, David, M.R.C.S.Eng., L.S.A.Lond., has been re-appointed Medical Officer of Health for the Stapleton Urban Sanitary District, at £25 for one year, and for the Bristol Port Sanitary District, for one year (the salary for the latter included in that for the Bristol Urban Sanitary District).

DAVIES, Edward, M.D.Univ. St.And., M. R.C.S. Eng, L.S.A.

Lond., has been re-appointed Medical Officer of Health for the Wrexham Division of the Wrexham Rural Sanitary District, at £65, for one year.

DAVISON, Rashell Thomas, M.D. Univ. Aberd., M.R.C.S.Eng., has been re-appointed Medical Officer of Health for the Battle Urban Sanitary District, at £15 for one year.

DYKE, Thomas Jones, F.R.C.S. Eng., has been re-appointed Medical Officer of Health for the Merthyr Tydfil Urban Sanitary District, at £250 per annum, for three years.

HARKER. John, L.R.C.P. Edin., M.R.C.S.Eng., L.S.A. Lond., has been re-appointed Medical Officer of Health for the Lancaster Port Sanitary District, for one year.

JONES, William, L.R.C.P.Lond., M.R.C.S.Eng., has been reappointed Medical Officer of Health for the Ruabon Division of the Wrexham Rural Sanitary District, at £60, for one year. JOYCE, William, M. R.C.S.Eng., L.S.A. Lond., has been re-appointed Medical Officer of Health for the Ashby-de-la-Zouch Urban Sanitary District, at £20 for one year.

LE TALL, Frederick Tindall, M.R.C.S.Eng., L.S.A. Lond., has been re-appointed Medical Officer of Health for the Handsworth Urban Sanitary District, at £20 for one year.

MAILE, Charles Edmund Drayson, L.R.C.P.Edin., M.R.C.S.Eng., has been re-appointed Medical Officer of Health for the West

bury and Whorwellsdown Rural Sanitary District, Wiltshire, at £80 for one year. MONTGOMERY, Samuel, L.R.C.P.Edin., L.R.C.S. Edin., has been re-appointed Medical Officer of Health for the Ovenden Urban Sanitary District, Yorkshire, at £25 for one year.

MUDGE, James, M. R.C.S.Eng., L.S.A.Lond., has been re-appointed Medical Officer of Health for the Phillack Urban Sanitary District, Cornwall, at £14, for one year, as from March 25, 1884. PALMER, Francis Craddock, L.K.Q.C.P.Irel., M.R.C.S.Eng., L.S.A.Lond., has been re-appointed Medical Officer of Health for the Brigg Urban Sanitary District, Lincolnshire, at £10 per ROSE, Frederick Robert, M. R.C.S.Eng., L.S.A.Lond., has been re-appointed Medical Officer of Health for the Diss Urban Sanitary District, at £25 for one year.

annum.

SYSON, Edmund John, L.R.C.P. Edin., L.R.C.S. Edin., has been appointed Medical Officer of Health for the St. Ives, Hunts, Rural Sanitary District, at £60 per annum, vice the Poor Law District Medical Officers, whose appointments have expired. WILSON, Stevenson Moreton Wightman, M.R.C.S.Eng.. L.S.A. Lond.. has been re-appointed Medical Officer of Health for the Lynn Port Sanitary District, for one year.

SURVEYORS, CLERKS TO GUARDIANS, INSPECTORS OF NUISANCES, &c.

ALGER, Mr. James, has been re-appointed Surveyor and Inspector of Nuisances to the Diss Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, Norfolk, at £40, and collector, at £20, for one year. ALLEN, Mr. Alfred H., has been re-appointed Public Analyst for the Borough of Sheffield, for one year.

BARTLETT, Mr. John William, has been appointed Inspector of Nuisances and Sanitary Inspector to the Vestry of St. Pancras, at £90 per annum, rising to £100, vice Mellows. BATEY, Mr. Edward, has been re-appointed Inspector of Nuisances for the Jarrow Urban Sanitary District, at £120 for one year. BAYNES, Mr. James, Jun., has been re-appointed Public Analyst for the Borough of Kingston-upon-Hull, for one year. BELLERBY, Mr. A. Thomas, District Manager, York City and County

Banking Company, has been appointed Treasurer to the Winterton Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, vice Goodwin. BENNETT, Mr. A., has been elected a Member of the Bromsgrove Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, vice Humphreys, resigned.

BURNLEY, Mr. J. J., has been appointed Accountant to the Wallasey Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, Cheshire, at £200 per annum, vice Bell, resigned.

CABBELL, Mr. Benjamin Bond, has been elected Chairman of the newly-formed Cromer Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority for the ensuing year.

CHERRY, Mr. Arthur Charles, Banker, has been appointed Treasurer to the Upton-on-Severn Guardians and Rural Sanitary Authority, vice Isaac, deceased.

CLARK, Mr. J. M., has been appointed Treasurer to the Haltwhistle Guardians and Rural Sanitary Authority, Northumberland, vice Keen, deceased.

CLARK, Mr. William, has been elected a member of the Horsforth Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, Yorkshire, vice Benland, resigned.

CLAYTON, Mr. Edward, has been appointed Inspector of Nuisances for the Mansfield Urban Sanitary District, at £60 per annum, vice Goodacre, deceased.

COMBEN, Mr. Jennings, has been appointed Surveyor and Inspector of Nuisances to the Portland Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, at £72 per annum.

COSENS, Mr. William, has been appointed Treasurer to the Hertford Guardians and Rural Sanitary Authority, vice Chesshyre, resigned.

CROFT, Mr. Christopher George, M.A.. Solicitor, has been appointed Town Clerk and Clerk to the Urban Sanitary Authority of Richmond, Yorkshire, at £65 per annum, vice Tomlin, deceased. DAVIES, Mr. Edward, has been re-appointed Inspector of Nuisances for the Ruabon Division of the Wrexham Rural Sanitary District, at £150 for one year.

DAVIES, Mr. Hugh, has been re-appointed Inspector of Nuisances for the Wrexham Division of the Wrexham Rural Sanitary District, at £150 for one year.

DOWNEY, Mr. Daniel, has been appointed Accountant to the West Hartlepool Improvement Commissioners and Urban Sanitary Authority, at £165 per annum.

DYSON, Mr. James, has been elected a Member of the Barkisland Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, vice Hanson, resigned.

GOULD, Mr. W. H., has been appointed Surveyor to the Ilfracombe Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, at £60 per annum, vice Pile.

HALL, Mr. John, has been re-appointed Inspector of Nuisances for the Lynn Port Sanitary District, for one year.

HAWKINS, Mr. Edward Charles, Branch Manager of the London and County Banking Company, has been appointed Treasurer to the Urban Sanitary Authority of Sandwich, vice Cottew, resigned. HEARD, Mr. Herbert, has been elected a Member of the Shepton Mallet Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, vice Hickes, resigned.

HEARNE, Mr. William, has been appointed an Inspector of Nuisances for the Parish of Paddington, at £120 per annum, vice Clifford, resigned.

HEY, Mr. John, has been elected a Member of the Thornton Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, Yorkshire, vice Dobson, deceased.

HILTON, Mr. Franklin, has been elected Chairman of the newly. formed Eston Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority. HOLLAND, Mr. William Henry, has been re-appointed Surveyor and Collector to the Cirencester Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, at £130 for one year. HOWLAND, Mr. Henry, has been appointed Surveyor and Inspector of Nuisances to the Thame Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, at £60 per annum, vice Mr. William W. Howland, his brother, resigned.

HowSE, Mr. Henry, has been re-appointed Inspector of Nuisances for the Aylesbury Urban Sanitary District for three months, at the same rate of salary as before.

HUMPHRIES, Mr. Josiah, has been re-appointed Treasurer to the Diss
Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, for one year.
HUNT, Mr. George J., has been appointed Collector to the Corpora-
tion and Urban Sanitary Authority of Chepping Wycombe,
Bucks, at £55 per annum, vice Organ, deceased.
HUNTER, Mr. Robert Naisbitt, has been appointed Surveyor and
Inspector of Nuisances to the Oswaldtwistle Local Board and
Urban Sanitary Authority, at £125 per annum, vice Hall,
resigned.

ISAAC, Mr. John Swinton, Banker, has been appointed Treasurer to the Martley Guardians and Rural Sanitary Authority, vice Mr. John Whitmore Isaac, his father, deceased.

JAMES, Mr. H. E., has been elected a member of the East Stonehouse Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, Devonshire, vice de Courcy, resigned.

annum

JONES, Mr. Benjamin Cledan, has been appointed Clerk to the Aberayron Guardians and Rural Sanitary Authority, Cardiganshire, at £50 per annum as Clerk to the Guardians, 12 per annum as Clerk to the Rural Sanitary Authority, 10 per as Clerk to the Assessment Committee, £35 per annum as Clerk to the School Attendance Committee, and fees as Returning Officer and Superintendent Registrar of Births, &c., vice Mr. John Jones, resigned. LAYCOCK, Mr. Thomas W., has been appointed Surveyor to the Walker Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, Northumberland, at £120 per annum, vice Wharrier, resigned. LOACH, Mr. Edwin, has been elected a Member of the Workington Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, vice Whitfield. Lyus, Mr. Henry Ormiston, Solicitor, has been re-appointed Clerk to the Diss Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, at £30 for one year.

MARTEN, Mr. H. J., has been appointed Assistant Surveyor to the Corporation and Urban Sanitary Authority of Bradford, at £200, rising to £25c per annum, for six years. NICHOLL, Mr. Joseph, has been re-appointed Inspector of Nuisances for the Ovenden Urban Sar.itary District, at £30 for one year. PAYBODY, Mr. George, has been elected a Member of the Shanklin Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, vice Knighton, resigned.

RANDALL, Mr. H., has been appointed Inspector of Meat and Slaughter Houses for the City of London, at £150 per annum. ROBERTS, Mr. Richard, has been elected a Member of the Rastrick Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, vice Kaye, deceased.

SALISBURY, Mr. J., has been re-appointed Inspector of Nuisances for the Ashby-de-la-Zouch Urban Sanitary District, at £30 for one year.

SIMPSON, Mr. Higson, Solicitor, has been appointed Clerk to the West Hartlepool Improvement Commissioners and Urban Sanitary Authority, at £200 per annum, vice Brunton, resigned from pressure of other business, after thirty years' service. SMITH, Mr. Isaac, has been re-appointed Inspector of Nuisances for the Lancaster Port Sanitary District for one year. STINSON, Mr. William, has been elected a member of the Whitwick Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, vice Shaw. SUMMERFIELD, Mr. F. W., has been elected a Member of the Heath Town Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, vice Gilmer, resigned.

SUTTON, Mr. Francis, has been re-appointed Public Analyst for the County of Norfolk, for one year.

SWORDER, Mr. Herbert, has been elected a Member of the Bishop Stortford Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, vice Mr. G. E. Sworder, his father, deceased.

THOMAS, Mr. Thomas, has been elected a Member of the Hebden Bridge Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, Yorkshire, vice Barker, resigned.

TOWNSEND, Mr. H., has been appointed Gas and Water Manager to the Corporation and Urban Sanitary Authority of Dewsbury, at £200 per annum, with house, &c.

year.

TOZER, Mr. James, has been re-appointed Inspector of Nuisances for the Crediton Urban Sanitary District, at £12 for the ensuing VALLANCE, Mr. Robert Frank, has been appointed Surveyor to the Mansfield Improvement Commissioners and Urban Sanitary Authority, at 150 per annum, vice Goodacre, deceased. WADDINGTON, Mr. Isaac, has been appointed Collector to the Clayton Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, Yorkshire, at 26 per annum, vice Ashton, resigned. WADSWORTH, Mr. Alexander, has been elected a member of the Greetland Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, Yorkshire, vice Fielding, resigned.

WAKELAM, Mr. Henry Peter, C.E., has been appointed Surveyor and Inspector of Nuisances to the Corporation and Urban Sanitary Authority of Chepping Wycombe, Bucks, at £150 per annum, vice Organ, deceased. WALLIS, Mr. Henry Ellis, has been elected a Member of the Hove Board of Improvement Commissioners and Urban Sanitary Authority, vice Dawson.

WALTER, Mr. Nim rod, has been appointed Inspector of Nuisances for the Reigate Urban Sanitary District, at £75 per annum, vice Apted, resigned.

WARDE, Mr. Joseph, has been re-appointed Inspector of Nuisances for the Wilsden Urban Sanitary District, Yorkshire, at £57 for one year.

WEST, Mr. William Washington, has been appointed Assistant Inspector of Nuisances for the Walthamstow Urban Sanitary District, at £80 per annum.

WHITEHEAD, Mr. James, jun., has been re-appointed Inspector of Nuisances for the Rawmarsh Urban Sanitary District, Yorkshire, at £60 for one year.

WILLIAMS, Mr. John, has been re-appointed Inspector of Nuisances for the Cirencester Urban Sanitary District, at £50 per annum. YEO, Mr. Isaac, has been re-appointed Inspector of Nuisances for the Okehampton Rural Sanitary District, at £55 for one year.

VACANCIES.

MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH, PUBLIC ANALYST, and GAS EXAMI-
NER for the Parish of Chelsea. £450 per annum. Application,
17th inst., to J. Eisdell Salway, Vestry Clerk, King's Road,
Chelsea.
MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH for the Woodbridge Rural Sanitary
District.

MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH for the Ormskirk Rural Sanitary
District.

MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH for the Maryport Urban Sanitary
District.

SURVEYOR AND INSPECTOR OF NUISANCES to the Corporation and
Urban Sanitary Authority of Oswestry. £150 per annum. Ap-
plication, 17th inst., to J. Parry Jones, Town Clerk.
SURVEYOR AND INSPECTOR OF NUISANCES to the Corporation and
Urban Sanitary Authority of Ripon.
SURVEYOR to the Newbold and Dunston Local Board and Urban
Sanitary Authority.

INSPECTOR OF NUISANCES for the Doncaster Rural Sanitary District.
COLLECTOR to the Wednesbury Local Board and Urban Sanitary
Authority. £130 per annum.

COLLECTOR to the West Hartlepool Improvement Commissioners and Urban Sanitary Authority. £125 per annum.

LOCAL INTELLIGENCE.

TESTIMONIAL TO DR. TAYLERSON.-A testimonial was presented to Dr. Taylerson, of Whitby, who has been obliged to resign his appointment on account of ill-health) on the 27th ult. The following address, beautifully illuminated on vellum in gold and colours by Messrs. Waterlow, of London, was read by Mr. John Stevenson, chairman of the Local Board :-'The friends and fellow-townsmen of John Taylerson, Esq., L.R.C.P. Edinbro', M.R.C.S. England, L.S.A., desire his acceptance of a purse of gold as some token of their esteem and respect, and in recognition of the efficient services which during a long life he has rendered in various official and public capacities, including those of Medical Officer of the Whitby Poor Law Union, Medical Officer of Health to the Whitby Urban and Rural Sanitary Authorities, Chairman of the Burial Board, and Surgeon to the Whitby Public Dispensary. Whitby, May 1884. Mr. J. Stevenson said he could assure the doctor that it gave him the greatest pleasure to hand over to him the purse of gold and the address he had read, as a slight mark of the esteem in which he was held. No one could do it with more sincerity than he could; in their early days they were pupils of the same firm, and they had passed through life as friends. The address only spoke of some of the offices Dr. Taylerson had held; others might have been named; and in all he had earned the esteem of his townsmen and rendered himself worthy of the tribute which was now paid to him. In replying, Dr. Taylerson, who was labouring under great emotion, said it had been his constant endeavour to discharge his duty in all the offices he had held. As to the public institutions with which he had long been connected, he could truly say he had earnestly sought to promote their success. Some of these were now in a much better state than when he first knew them. The workhouse was wonderfully improved; he remembered the time when lunatics were chained to the walls, or kept in pens like wild beasts. but he had always desired that lunatics should be treated in a more humane manner, and things were very different now.

Eston, Yorkshire, has been constituted a Local Government District with a Board of twelve members. The following have been elected, viz. Messrs. John Anderson, Elisha Beacham, William Dale, Allan Harker, Alfred Clayton Hill, Franklin Hilton (chairman), John George Kent, Thomas Medd, John Mills, William Seymour, John Thomson, Thomas Williams.

Mr. Arthur Birks, who has been elected Chairman of the Fenton Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority for the third time, has. been entertained at a complimentary dinner at the Public Hall. Mr.. F. W. Grove, ex-chairman, presided, supported by several members< of the Board, the Mayor of Longton, and several influential residents of the town and neighbourhood.

The Clutton Guardians and Rural Sanitary Authority have been invested with the powers, rights, &c., of an Urban Sanitary Authority, under Sect. 169. Pars. 2 and 3, and Sect. 170 of the Public Health Act, 1875 (the regulation of slaughter-houses), within the contributory places of Chew Magna, Chilcompton, Clutton, Farmborough, High Littleton with Hallatrow, Paulton, Publow, Stanton Drew, Tims. bury, and West Harptree.

The Local Government Roard have, in an-wer to a petition from owners and ratepayers, intimated their willingness to settle the boundaries of a place, being part of the Parish of Chertsey, with a view to the formation of a Local Government District, and equesting to be furnished with the name of a suitable person to act as summoning officer.

The Kendal Town Council and Urban Sanitary Authority have increased the salary of Mr. Christopher Graham, the treasurer, £20 a year, owing to the great increase in the duties of his office.

The portrait of Mr. Thomas Swainson, the Town Clerk and Clerk to the Urban Sanitary Authority of Lancaster, has been painted and presented to the Corporation, and hung in the Town Hall, in recog nition of his official services and the fidelity with which he has served his native town (especially in regard to the important sanitary works and other improvements), and the personal respect and esteem of the subscribers.

The Lancaster Town Council and Urban Sanitary Authority have increased the salary of Mr. Isaac Smith, the Inspector of Nuisances, £10 per annum.

There were 103 candidates for the appointment of Surveyor and Inspector of Nuisances to the Chepping Wycombe Urban Sanitary Authority, at £150 per annum.

The Oswestry Urban Sanitary Authority, on appointing a Surveyor and Inspector of Nuisances only about a year ago, reduced the salary to £130 per annum; but the offices being again vacant in consequence of Mr. Wakelam having been appointed to Chepping Wycombe they have increased it to 150 per annum, having arrived at the conclusion that it is quite impossible to retain the services of a competent man for less.

There were 140 candidates for the Surveyorship to the Toxteth Park Urban Sanitary Authority, at £350 per annum.

The Ormskirk Rural Medical Officers of Health Appointments expire on the 24th inst., in anticipation of which the Local Government Board had an inquiry made by Dr. Parsons, one of their medical officers. They sent his report to the authority with a letter stating that the inquiry was undertaken mainly with a view to the Board's ascertaining how the several medical officers of health, to whose reappointment they, under the circumstances, assented until June 24, had performed their duties. In transmitting the copies of the report they had to state that the result of the investigation was such as to lead the Board to the conclusion that, in none of the divisions had the duties which devolved upon medical officers of health under the Board's order and instructions been carried out in as efficient a manner as the sanitary interests of the locality required. In one district only (Mr. Wood's) had anything approaching to the Board's requirements been attempted. It further appeared that there had been an absence of that personal conference between the officers and the authority which was requisite, but that was probably due to a great extent to the fact of the officers being so many in number. Having regard to these conclusions, the Board were unable to avoid the conclusion that the present arrangements for the discharge of the important duties of the office of medical officer of health were unsatisfactory, and that after June 24 one efficient officer should be appointed for the whole district at an adequate salary. The Board further pointed out the deficient water supply in several parts of the districts, the risk of contamination of the water, and the nuisances arising from faultilyconstructed and ill-scavenged middens and privies.

The Chesterfield Rural Sanitary Authority recently re-appointed Dr. Mackintosh as medical officer of health, but reduced his salary from £400 to £350 per annum. At the last meeting of the Authority a letter was read from the Local Government Board stating that they were strongly of opinion that it was very undesirable to reduce the salary. The Board believed that the duties had been discharged with much zeal and efficiency, and it would naturally be a great dis couragement to an officer, after a long period of service, to have his salary reduced. The population of the district had largely increased since the amount was fixed, and the Board saw no reason to believe that it was more than adequate for the duties performed. They therefore asked that the Authority would reconsider the matter, and trusted that they would not adhere to the proposal to decrease the salary. In the discussion which ensued it was stated that Dr. Mackintosh had formerly to devote the whole of his time to the Rural Authority, but he was now allowed to hold office under the various urban authorities in the district, and to receive a salary from each, which amounted altogether to £150 per annum, making, with the £350 proposed to be paid by the Rural Authority, 6500 per annum, the amount originally fixed. Upon the motion of the Chairman, seconded by Mr. Berry, a resolution was then passed that the Authority saw no reason to alter their previous decision.

The Thornhill comedy mentioned in our last (p. 574) terminated somewhat tragically. At the next meeting, all the members attended as before, and both sides being obdurate, no chairman could be appointed, and consequently no business transacted. The sitting commenced on Monday evening and continued until Wednesday afternoon, the members sleeping on the Board-room floor at night, and being supplied with refreshment from home. On Tuesday Mr. Hodgson, one of the members, had a message informing him that his wife was dangerously ill, upon which he paired with one of the opposing party to enable him to go home and see her; but after a short time, as she appeared to be getting better, he returned to the Board room On the Wednesday afternoon, however, he received an urgent message, that if he wished to see his wife alive, he must go home forthwith. He then tried to pair again; but the opposing party all refused, the result being, that atter a great deal of recrimination, he and his party left the room in a body; upon which Mr. Fisher was appointed chairman, and the various committees were appointed. When Mr. Hodgson reached home, he was shocked to find that his wife was dead.

SANITARY INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN. EXAMINATION OF LOCAL SURVEYORS. June 5, 1884.

Paper I-1. What public laws exist as to the construction of new houses and buildings in respect of height, thickness of walls, general curtilage, and out-buildings? What legal powers can a local surveyor use to compel the laying on of a proper supp'y of water? In the event of his reporting to his authority that entry for this purpose has been refused, how would he substantiate his report before the magis trate? Describe the powers exercisable by the surveyor of a local, authority with respect to ventilation of (a) Building, dwelling-houses and manufactories; (b) sewers, private and public. What provisions ought to exist to carry out ventilation in each of these? 4. How would you calculate the dimensions of an outfall sewer for a popula tion of 15,000 people, the ground affording a gradient of 1 in 600? 5. Under what circumstances would you adopt a glazed earthenware pipe sewer in preference to one of brick? How would you form a brick sewer in a running quicksand at a depth of, say, 12 feet. Sketch a ventilating chamber and a manhole, and also a means of flushing a pipe sewer.

6.

Paper II.-1. Supposing that a new water supply is needed for your district, how would you ascertain the sufficiency or otherwise of any adjacent brook or river to supply the necessary quantity? 2. What is meant by hard water? What sources usually furnish it? and what is meant by total hardness and by permanent hardness? 3. What are the most common causes of pollution of water in wells, in water butts, and in cisterns inside houses? and what steps would you take to prevent pollution in each case? 4. What amount of fresh air must be supplied per hour for each individual for health? To what extent and in what manner does the quantity depend on the size of the room in relation to the number of occupants? Explain by one example how your result is arrived at. 5. Draw up a short set of by-laws for the proper management of a common lodging-house. 6. Describe the manner in which you would construct a macadamised road upon newly-filled-up ground. Give sketches of the construction of a macadamised road, and show the form of the surface and the falls from crown to channel.

EXAMINATION OF INSPECTORS OF NUISANCES.

June 5, 1884.

1. State the powers of local authorities in regard to dealing with infectious diseases. 2. What is the order of procedure prescribed by the sale of Food and Drugs Act in obtaining for analysis samples of articles suspected of being adulterated? 3. What is a cellar dwelling? Under what conditions may underground rooms be inhabited? 4. What are the characteristics upon which you would decide whether a sample of water should be submitted to the analyst, or not? 5. How is cubic space calculated, and how much ought to be given for an adult? What is the amount of cubic space usually required for common lodging-houses? 6. A nuisance having been reported to exist in a certain house, what steps would you take? What is meant by a recurring order? 7. In the inspection of a slaughter-house, to what points would you specially direct your attention? What are the requirements of a properly constructed slaughter-house? 8. Describe how you would proceed to investigate defects in a system of house drainage, and make a short report upon supposed defects in a house of, say, £50 rental, with especial reference to the points which more usually are found to prevail.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

Having for some time back been in the receipt of Queries appertaining strictly to sanitary work, and which it would be easy to answer, without having to refer our correspondent to competent professional advisers, we have opened a column in which to register such Queries and Replies thereto as can fairly be expected from us; and our subscribers and readers are invited to make such use of this column as will tend to benefit themselves and the community. Both Queries and Replies will, however, be subjected, if unnecessarily long, to a strict curtailment.

123. INFECTIOUS HOSPITALS.

Can you give me any information of a kind likely to be of assistance in preparing a code of rules for the management of an infectious hospital? 'MEDICO.'

[The Tenth Annual Report of the Local Government Board on the Use and Influence of Hospitals for Infectious Disease contains much valuable information on the subject. In the Appendix (p. 295) there is a copy of the rules issued by the Metropolitan Asylums Board for regulating the visiting of patients. A more extensive code has been issued by the Board, a copy of which could doubtless be obtained on application. Dr. Wilson, in his Handbook of Hygiene, gives the rules drawn up by him for the Solihull Infectious Hospital, and Mr. A. C. Munro, the Medical Officer of Health of South Shields, has appended to a recent report the instructions in force for the hospital in that borough.]

124. THE POLLUTION OF RIVERS.

Can you or any of your readers refer me to the particulars of any case under the Pollution of Rivers Act, where proceedings have been taken against a firm of tanners for pollution of a running stream by the liquids discharged from their works? SANITARIAN. [We have not been able to find particulars of any such proceedings.-ED.]