Italian Ministry of Aeronautics or by the authority recognized for the purpose by the said Ministry. The pilots shall bear a license issued by the said Italian Ministry of Aeronautics, as well as such permit as may be prescribed by that Ministry. Like requirements shall be applicable in Italy with respect to aircraft of the United States and American pilots making flights into Italy. The certificates and licenses in the latter case shall be those issued by the United States Department of Commerce, and the permits shall be such as may be prescribed by that Department.

ARTICLE 5

Pilots who are nationals of the one country shall be licensed by the other under the following conditions:

(a) The Italian Ministry of Aeronautics will issue pilots' licenses to American nationals upon a showing that they are qualified under the regulations of that Ministry covering the licensing of pilots; and the United States Department of Commerce will issue pilots' licenses to Italian nationals upon a showing that they are qualified under the regulations of that Department covering the licensing of pilots.

(b) The pilots' licenses issued by the Italian Ministry of Aeronautics to American nationals and those issued by the United States Department of Commerce to Italian nationals pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be valid in each instance for a period of six months. At the expiration of a period for which a license has been issued the holder may make application for a renewal to the authority issuing the license.

(c) Pilots' licenses issued by the United States Department of Commerce to Italian nationals shall entitle them to the same privileges as are granted by pilots' licenses issued to American nationals, and pilots' licenses issued by the Italian Ministry of Aeronautics to American nationals shall entitle them to the same privileges as are granted by pilots' licenses issued to Italian nationals.

(d) Pilots' licenses granted to nationals of the one country by the other country shall not be construed to accord to them the right to register aircraft in such other country.

(e) Pilots' licenses granted to nationals of the one country by the other country shall not be construed to accord to them the right to operate aircraft in air commerce unless the aircraft is registered in such other country in accordance with its registration requirements except as provided for in Paragraphs (a) and (b) of Article 7, with respect to discharging and taking on passengers and/or cargo. (f) Italian nationals holding unexpired pilot licenses issued by the Italian Ministry of Aeronautics shall be permitted to operate in the United States, for non-industrial or non-commercial purposes for a period of six months from the time of entering that country, any civil aircraft registered by the Italian Ministry of Aeronautics or by the authority recognized for the purpose by the said Ministry, and/or any civil aircraft registered by the United States Department of Commerce; provided, however, that if the license issued by the said Ministry expires before the expiration of such six month period, the period for which the Italian pilot may operate civil aircraft of Italian registry and/or civil aircraft registered by the United States Department of

Commerce, for non-industrial or non-commercial purposes, in the United States shall be limited to the period for which the Italian license is still valid. No pilot to whom this provision applies shall be allowed to operate civil aircraft in the United States for non-industrial or non-commercial purposes after the expiration of the period for which he may operate by virtue of this provision unless he shall, prior to the expiration of such period, have obtained a pilot's license from the United States Department of Commerce in the manner provided for in this article.

American nationals holding unexpired pilot licenses issued by the Department of Commerce of the United States shall be permitted to operate in Italy for non-industrial or non-commercial purposes for a period of six months from the time of entering that country, any civil aircraft registered by the United States Department of Commerce, and/or any civil aircraft registered by the Italian Ministry of Aeronautics or by the authority recognized for the purpose by the said Ministry; provided, however, that if the license issued by the said Department expires before the expiration of such six month period, the period for which the American pilot may operate civil aircraft of United States registry and/or civil aircraft of Italian registry, for non-industrial or non-commercial purposes, in Italy shall be limited to the period for which the American license is still valid. No pilot to whom this provision applies shall be allowed to operate civil aircraft in Italy for non-industrial or non-commercial purposes after the expiration of the period for which he may operate by virtue of this provision unless he shall, prior to the expiration of such period, have obtained a pilot's license from the Italian Ministry of Aeronautics in the manner provided for in this article.

ARTICLE 6

No Italian aircraft in which photographic apparatus has been installed shall be permitted to operate in the United States, nor shall any photographs be taken from Italian aircraft while operating in or over United States territory, except in cases where the entrance of such aircraft or the taking of photographs is specifically authorized by the Department of Commerce of the United States.

Like restrictions shall be applicable to aircraft of the United States with respect to their operation in or over Italian territory, and in such cases the entrance of aircraft in which photographic apparatus has been installed, and the taking of photographs shall not be permissible without the specific authorization of the Italian Ministry of Aeronautics.

ARTICLE 7

(a) If the Italian aircraft and pilots are licensed to carry passengers and/or cargo in Italy, they may do so between Italy and the United States in the operation of a regular Italian air transport line; provided, however, that the establishment of such lines shall be subject to the prior consent of the United States Government given on the principle of reciprocity. Such lines, if established, may not engage in air commerce between points in the United States, except that subject to compliance with customs, quarantine and immigration

requirements, such aircraft shall be permitted to discharge passengers and/or cargo destined to the United States from points beyond the boundaries of United States territory at one airport in the United States, according landing facilities to foreign aircraft, and to proceed with the remaining passengers and/or cargo to any other airports in the United States, according landing facilities to foreign aircraft, for the purpose of discharging the remaining passengers and/or cargo; and they shall in like manner be permitted to take on at different airports in United States territory passengers and/or cargo destined to points beyond the boundaries of that territory.

(b) If the United States aircraft and pilots are licensed to carry passengers and/or cargo in the United States, they may do so between the United States and Italy in the operation of a regular American air transport line; provided, however, that the establishment of such lines shall be subject to the prior consent of the Italian Government given on the principle of reciprocity. Such lines, if established, may not engage in air commerce between points in Italy, except that subject to compliance with customs, quarantine, and immigration requirements such aircraft shall be permitted to discharge passengers and/or cargo destined to Italy from points beyond the boundaries of Italian territory at one airport in Italy, according landing facilities to foreign aircraft, and to proceed with the remaining passengers and/or cargo to any other airports in Italy, according landing facilities to foreign aircraft, for the purpose of discharging the remaining passengers and/or cargo; and they shall in like manner be permitted to take on at different airports in Italian territory passengers and/or cargo destined to points beyond the boundaries of that territory.

(c) Each of the parties to this arrangement shall, with respect to all matters concerning the operation of civil aircraft and so far as the executive branch of the Government shall possess authority under the provisions of legislation on this subject, accord to the civil aircraft of the other party, subject to the foregoing provisions of this Article, and on condition of reciprocity, most favored nation treatment.

ARTICLE 8

The right accorded to Italian pilots and aircraft to make flights over United States territory under the conditions provided for in the present arrangement shall be subject to compliance with the laws, rules and regulations in effect in the United States and its territories and possessions governing the operation of civil aircraft.

The right accorded to American pilots and aircraft of the United States to make flights over Italian territory, under the conditions herein provided for, shall be subject to compliance with the laws, rules and regulations in effect in Italy and its territories and possessions governing the operation of civil aircraft.

ARTICLE 9

Certificates of airworthiness issued in connection with aircraft, and acceptance test certificates issued in connection with aircraft engines and spare parts of aircraft and engines, built in Italy and

imported into the United States from Italy as merchandise, will be accepted by the Department of Commerce of the United States if issued by the Italian Ministry of Aeronautics or by the authority designated for the purpose by the said Ministry in accordance with their requirements as to airworthiness. Certificates of airworthiness for export issued in connection with aircraft, aircraft engines, and spare parts of aircraft and engines, built in the United States and imported into Italy from the United States as merchandise, will, in like manner, be accepted by the Italian Ministry of Aeronautics, if issued by the Department of Commerce of the United States in accordance with its requirements as to airworthiness.

The competent authority of Italy will have the right periodically to check and test the materials of the classes specified in the preceding paragraph after being brought into Italy for the purpose of ascertaining their proper condition as to preservation and maintenance, according to the rules and regulations in force in Italy. Likewise, the United States Department of Commerce will have the right periodically to check and test such materials after being brought into the United States, for the purpose of ascertaining their proper condition as to preservation and maintenance, according to the rules and regulations in force in the United States.

ARTICLE 10

It shall be understood that this arrangement shall be subject to termination by either Government on sixty days' notice given to the other Government, or by a further arrangement between the two Governments dealing with the same subject.

I shall be glad to have you inform me whether it is the understanding of your Government that the arrangement agreed to in the negotiations is as herein set forth. If so, it is suggested that the arrangement become effective on October 31, 1931.

Accept [etc.]

HENRY L. STIMSON

Executive Agreement Series No. 24 711.6527/69a

The Italian Chargé (Marchetti) to the Secretary of State

[Translation]

WASHINGTON, October 14, 1931, Year IX. MR. SECRETARY OF STATE: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of the note of the 13th instant in which Your Excellency communicated to me the text, agreed upon, of the reciprocal arrangement between Italy and the United States for the admission of civil aircraft into the respective countries, the issuance of pilot licenses, and the acceptance of certificates for aircraft and accessories imported as merchandise. This text, in the opinion of Your Excellency, is in accord

with the understandings reached during the negotiations, now terminated, between the two countries.

The text communicated to me by Your Excellency is reproduced in Italian below:

[Here follows the Italian text of the arrangement, articles 1 to 10 inclusive, which is the equivalent of the English text communicated to the Royal Italian Embassy by the Department of State in its note of October 13, 1931, supra.]

I am glad to assure Your Excellency that the foregoing text is what has been accepted by my Government in the course of the negotiations and is approved by it.

In accordance with the suggestion of Your Excellency, it is understood that the arrangement will come into force on the 31st of October, 1931.

Please accept [etc.]

MARCHETTI

REPRESENTATIONS TO THE ITALIAN GOVERNMENT REGARDING UNJUSTIFIED ARRESTS OF AMERICAN CITIZENS IN ITALY " 365.1121 Slavich, Nickola/14: Telegram

The Acting Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Italy (Garrett)

WASHINGTON, July 25, 1931-3 p. m.

14

118. Your 133, July 22, 10 a. m., and 134, July 22, 4 p. m.1 I am much concerned in regard to the recent series of apparently unjustified arrests of American citizens traveling in Italy.

Request an interview with Grandi. Make clear that you are acting under instructions from your Government. Attempt to obtain a dismissal of the case against Slavich. If that is impossible, insist that the case be brought to trial with the least possible delay and inform Grandi that the trial will be attended by a member of your staff or by a member of the staff of the Consulate General. In discussing the case with Grandi, make clear the attitude of American public opinion toward the arrest and prolonged incarceration of American citizens upon such charges as those made against Slavich and Tancredi, based upon the kind of evidence which appears from your telegram to have been accepted in these cases. The Department is informed that there already exists the conviction in certain circles that American citizens traveling on Italian ships are subjected to constant surveillance and that in some cases, they are egged on by the personnel of those ships

18

1s For previous correspondence regarding the right of American citizens when arrested to communicate with American consular officers, see Foreign Relations, 1926, vol. II, pp. 440 ff.

14 Neither printed.