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has not increased, such men have been asking why ill feeling continues still so rife. Why is it that before the clouds of the Great War have vanished from the sky new clouds are rising over the horizon? What can be done to avert the dangers that are threatening the peace of mankind?

This book is intended to supply some materials for answering the questions aforesaid by throwing upon them the light of history. It is History which, recording the events and explaining the influences that have moulded the minds of men, shows us how the world of international politics has come to be what it is. History is the best-indeed the only-guide to a comprehension of the facts as they stand, and to a sound judgment of the various means that have been suggested for replacing suspicions and enmities by the cooperation of States in many things and by their good will in all.

Lecture 1 dealt with "The Earlier Relations of Tribes and States to One Another"; Lecture 2, "The Great War and its Effects in the Old World"; Lecture 3, "Non-Political Influences affecting International Relations"; Lecture 4, "The Causes of War"; Lecture 5, "Diplomacy and International Law"; Lecture 6, "Popular Control of Foreign Policy and the Morality of States"; Lecture 7, "Methods Proposed for settling International Controversies"; Lecture 8, "Other Possible Methods for Averting War".

The History and Nature of International Relations.
Walsh. New York: The Macmillan Co.

Edited by Edmund A. 1922. pp. 299. $2.25.

This is a collection of special lectures delivered on International Relations before the students of the School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, D. C., edited by the regent of the school.

The lecturers and their subjects are as follows: Dr. Stephen P. Duggan, "The Fundamentals in a Scientific Study of International Relations"; Professor Michael I. Rostovtseff, "International Relations in the Ancient World"; Professor Carlton J. H. Hayes, "Medieval Diplomacy"; Hon. James Brown Scott, "Development of Diplomacy in Modern Times"; Professor James Lawrence Laughlin, "Economic Factors in International Relations"; Hon. John Bassett Moore, "Specific Agencies for the Proper Conduct of International Relations"; Hon. Esteban Gil Borges, "The Evolution of International Private Law"; Hon. Leo S. Rowe, "Latin America as a Factor in International Relations"; Hon. Paul S. Reinsch, "The Far East as a Factor in International Developments"; Professor Edwin M. Borchard, "The United States as a Factor in the Development of International Relations".

A brief appendix narrates the influence of Grotius, Suarez and De Victoria upon international law, and calls attention to the republication of their works in "The Classics of International Law" by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Transactions of The Grotius Society. Vol. VII. London: Sweet and Maxwell. 1922. pp. xlii, 166. 8s. 6d. net.

This volume contains papers read before the Society in the year 1921. The preliminary pages relate to the business affairs of the Society, and contain memorial notices of deceased members, including Prof. Henry Goudy, Sir John Macdonell, and Lord Reay, and an account of the tribute to Grotius made by members of the Society at his tomb in Delft on September 5, 1922.

The principal papers contributed to the volume are: "The Infancy and Youth of Hugo Grotius ", by W. S. M. Knight; "Aerial Warfare and the Laws of War", by Herbert F. Manisty; "The Right of a Belligerent Merchantman to Attack", by Professor Hugh H. L. Bellot; "Justiciable Disputes", by Ernest A. Jelf; "The Law of the Air", by Wm. Latey; "Peace versus The League of Nations", by Sir Graham Bower; "The Washington Conference and Air Law in Disarmament", by Professor de Montmorency; "The Baltic Minorities", by Baron Heyking; "Military Administration of Occupied Territory in Time of War", by Lieut.-Col. de Watteville; "Chemical Warfare; The Possibility of its Control", by Major Victor Lefebure.

The British Year Book of International Law, 1922-23. London: Henry Frowde & Hodder and Stoughton. New York: Oxford University Press, American Branch. pp. vi, 260. 16s. net.

This is the third year issue of the British Year Book of International Law. The present volume contains the following leading contributions:

"Contraband", by the late Sir H. Erle Richards, followed by a memorial notice of the author prepared by Viscount Finlay; "The International Status of the British Self-Governing Dominions", by Malcolm M. Lewis; "The Territoriality of Bays", by Sir Cecil Hurst; "Enemy Ships in Port at the Outbreak of War", by Professor A. Pearce Higgins; "An International Criminal Court and the Resolutions of the Committee of Jurists", by Lord Phillimore; "Blockade in Modern Conditions", by H. W. Malkin; "Angary", by C. Ll. Bullock; "The History of Intervention in International Law", by P. H. Winfield; "Submarines at the Washington Conference", by Roland F. Roxburgh; "Immunity of States in Maritime Law", by W. R. Bisschop; "The Barcelona Conference on Communication and Transit and the Danube Statute", by G. E. Toulmin.

Following the leading articles are a series of notes on the Washington Arms Conference, the Monaco Congress on Aerial Law held in 1921, The Second International Child Welfare Congress, held in Brussels in July, 1921; the Rome session of the Institute of International Law, held in October, 1921, and several other notes, including a note on and the text of the decision of the Vice-Admiralty Prize Court of Hong Kong, in the case of

The Greta involving the carriage of belligerent troops by a neutral transport. Two pages are devoted to a digest of cases dealing with international law decided by the English courts during the past year. A department of book reviews notices some of the leading works on international law issued during the year; a summary of events entered by countries and subjects is given, with references, for the period June 1, 1921 to April 30, 1922; and the volume closes with a bibliography covering the same period of books, periodicals and official publications dealing with international law and related subjects. The volume contains an adequate index.

Grotius Annuaire International pour 1921–1922. La Haye: Martinus Nijhoff, 1922. pp. viii, 308. 12 fl.

This issue of the Grotius Annuaire International is prefaced by an appreciation of the services of Jonkheer H. A. van Karnebeek, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, written by Dr. Loder, President of the Permanent Court of International Justice.

The volume is printed chiefly in French, and the principal contributions are on the following subjects:

"Some observations on the rôle of states of the second rank in the concert of powers: Holland and international cooperation", by J. A. van Hamel; "Commission and Bureau of Maritime War Damages", by K. Jansma. Annexed to the foregoing article is a summary of the maritime damages suffered by Holland during the war, showing a total of 5,184 claims, amounting to 91,749,005.79 florins. These claims are made against Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy, Austria, Portugal, Russia, Turkey, the United States, and some are unidentified. The principal items are, in round numbers, 50,000,000 fl. against Germany, 15,000,000 against Great Britain, and 25,000,000 unidentified.

The volume also contains a summary of international events of a juridical character, a brief account of the Royal Dutch Commission on Private International Law, by D. Josephus Jitta; a summary of Dutch jurisprudence in matters of private international law during 1920-1921, by M. J. van der Flier; a long account of the accession of Holland to the League of Nations, including the textual reproduction of the documents relating to the subject; an account of Holland and the International Labor Organization, by A. M. Joekes; and an account, accompanied by the text of documents, of the interpretation of Art. 389 of the Treaty of Versailles concerning the nomination of non-national delegates to the International Labor Conferences. The text of the following prize decisions involving Dutch boats and cargoes are reproduced; The Bernisse and Elve, decided by the English Privy Council; the Midsland and the Gelderland, decided by the Belgian Council of Prizes. An interesting account is given of the organization of the Permanent Court of International Justice at The Hague, and its opening session in that city

on Jan. 30, 1922. A list of the members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague is printed, corrected up to May 1, 1922. The text of the decision of that court in the French claims against Peru, decided Oct. 11, 1921, and of the report of the International Commission of Inquiry in the case of Tubantia are also reproduced.

The volume closes with a list of international institutions, having their headquarters in Holland, a list of Dutch institutions having an internanational object, and a bibliography of publications published in Holland on international law and international relations.

The Big Four and Others of the Peace Conference. By Robert Lansing. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Co. 1921. pp. 213. $2.50.

This is a personal sketch by former Secretary of State, Hon. Robert Lansing, a member of the American Delegation to the Peace Conference, of Messrs. Clemenceau, Wilson, Lloyd George and Orlando, who are termed "The Big Four", together with impressions of M. Venizelos, Emir Feisul, General Botha and M. Paderewski. A photograph of each of the gentlemen mentioned accompanies the sketch of his activities at the Peace Conference.

Souveraineté et Liberté. By Leon Duguit, Dean of the Law Faculty of Bordeaux. Paris: Felix Alcan. 1922. pp. 208. 8 francs net.

This small French volume contains the lectures delivered by the author at Columbia University, New York City, in the months of December, 1920, and January and February, 1921. There are 13 lectures in all, entitled as follows: 1. Les notions de souveraineté nationale et de liberté individuelle; 2. Qu'est-ce qu'une nation? 3. Quels groupements sociaux sont aujourd'hui des nations? 4. La nation française et la nation allemande; 5. Qu'estce que la souveraineté? 6. La nation titulaire originaire de la souveraineté; 7. La souveraineté nationale dans les relations extérieures; 8. La Ligue des Nations; 9. La souveraineté nationale a l'intérieur.-La liberté de l'individu; 10. La conception solidariste de la liberté; 11. Les principales conséquences de la conception solidariste de la liberté; 12. La liberté d'association et le syndicalisme; 13. L'organisation de l'État moderne et la liberté de l'individu.

Traité de Versailles 1919. Paris: Berger-Levrault. 1921. pp. 242. 3 fr. 50.

This is a small French volume containing the text of the Treaty of Versailles, an extract from the Journal des Débats, giving an account of the meeting on May 7, 1919, when the treaty was delivered by Mr. Clemenceau to Count Brockdorff-Rantzau, an extract from Le Figaro of June 29, 1919,

giving an account of the signature of the treaty, and an extract from Le Temps of July 2, 1919, giving an account of the deposit of the treaty in the French Chamber of Deputies by M. Clemenceau, and the remarks on that occasion of President Deschanel and M. Clemenceau.

Books Received 1

Ausweisung und Internierung Feindlicher Staatsangehöriger. By J. Spiropulos. Leipzig: Rossberg'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1922. pp. 148. Annual Report on Reforms and Progress in Chosen (1918-21). Compiled by Government-General of Chosen. Keijo: December, 1921. pp. ix, ii, 232.

American Foreign Trade. By Wm. F. Notz and Richard S. Harvey. Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1921. pp. xv, 593.

The British Empire and World Peace. By Newton W. Rowell. New York:
Oxford University Press, American Branch, 1922. pp. xxiii, 307. $3.50.
China, the United States and the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. By G. Zay Wood.
New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1921. pp. viii, 176. $2.00 net.
The Chino-Japanese Treaties of May 25, 1915. By G. Zay Wood. New
York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1921. pp. 151. $2.00 net.
Leading Cases on International Law, Vol. 1.

Peace. By Pitt Cobbett. London: Sweet and Maxwell, Ltd., 1922. pp. xxiv, 374. 16s. net.

O Commercio Maritimo no Direito Internacional Privado. By Sergio Loreto Filho. Recife: Imprensa Industrial, 1919. pp. vii, 462.

The Control of American Foreign Relations. By Quincy Wright. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1922. pp. xxvi, 412.

Democracy's International Law. By Jackson H. Ralston. Washington: Byrne & Co., 1922. pp. 165.

Foreign Governments at Work. By Herman Finer. New York: Oxford University Press, American Branch, 1921. pp. 82.

Die Folgen der Mark-Entwertung für uns und die andern. By Henry Behnsen und Werner Genzmer. Leipzig: Verlag von Felix Meiner. pp. x, 127. 15 mk.

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By George G. Wilson. Boston: $1.25 net.

By Frances Kellor. New York: $.50.

The First Year of the League of Nations.
Little, Brown & Co., 1921. pp. xi, 94.
The Federal Administration and the Alien.
George H. Doran Co., 1921. pp. vii, 80.
Diplomatic Relations of the United States with Sweden and Norway. (Uni-
versity of Iowa Studies in the Social Sciences, Vol. VII, No. 4.) By
Brynjolf J. Hovde. Iowa City: University of Iowa, January 15, 1921.
pp. 70. $.75.

1 Mention here does not preclude an extended notice in a later issue of the JOURNAL.

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