LXXXIII. He convokes the Congress, at the time appointed by the Constitution, or extraordinarily, when important circumstances demand it.

LXXXIV. He opens the Sessions, annually, both Chambers being assembled for the purpose in the Hall of the Senate, and informs them on this occasion, of the political state of the Nation, and of the improvements and reforms which he may deem worthy of their attention.

LXXXV. He issues the necessary orders, for the Elections of the Senators and Representatives at the proper time, and conformably to Law, and gives an account to Congress of any abuses which he may observe in them.

LXXXVI. He is the Supreme Chief of the Land and Sea Forces, and is exclusively charged with the direction of them in Peace or in War, but he cannot command the Army in person without the special permission of Congress, given by a majority of two-thirds of each Chamber.

LXXXVII. He provides for the internal and external security of the State.

LXXXVIII. He declares War and Peace, and takes upon himself the necessary measures preparatory thereto.

LXXXIX. He concludes Treaties of Peace, Friendship, Alliance, Commerce, or any others, but he cannot ratify them without the approbation and consent of the Senate. In the case of any stipulation for the cession of any part of the Territory, or for any pecuniary burthens upon the Nation, it must be with the consent of both Chambers, and with a majority of two-thirds of the votes.

XC. He appoints and removes the Ministers, Secretaries of State, and of general Despatch.

XCI. He also appoints Ambassadors, Ministers Plenipotentiary, Envoys, Consuls General, and other Agents, with the appprobation of the Senate.

XCII. In cases of urgency, if the Senate be not sitting, he may make the necessary appointments of the Officers mentioned in the preceding Article, obtaining its sanction immediately on its assembling again. ... XCIII. He receives, according to the established forms, the Ministers and Agents of Foreign Nations.

XCIV. He issues Letters of Citizenship, in conformity with the forms and qualifications required by Law.

XCV. He exercises the general patronage with respect to Churches, and Benefices, and Ecclesiastical Persons, couformably to the Laws He nominates the Archbishops and Bishops from 3 Candidates proposed by the Senate.

XCVI. All objects and branches of Finance and Police, and scien tific, and every other description of Publick, and National Establish ments, shall be formed and supported by the funds of the States the

Mints, National Banks, Post Offices, Posts, and Roads, are under the supreme inspection of the President of the Republick, subject to the Laws and Ordinances which regulate them, or which may be hereafter passed by the Legislature.

XCVII. He appoints to all Offices which are not reserved by this Constitution.

XCVIII. He can require of the heads of every branch and Department of the Administration, and through them of every other Officer, such information as he may want, and which they are bound to provide.

XCIX. He may commute capital punishments to Criminals, on the previous report of the Tribunal, or Judge of the Cause, upon grave and powerful considerations; but not in the case of crimes excepted by the Law.

C. He decides in conformity with the Statutes, in the Councils held in the Cases provided for, upon the sentences pronounced by Military Tribunals.

CI. He shall receive for his services, the salary established by Law, which shall neither be diminished nor augmented during his continuance in office.

CHAPTER IV. Of the Ministers-Secretaries.

CII. Five Ministers-Secretaries, viz: of the Department of Government, of Foreign Affairs, of War, of Marine, and of Finance, shall have charge of the despatch of the affairs of the Republick, and shall authorize the Resolutions of the President, without which requisite they shall not have effect.

CIII. The President may, in case of emergency, entrust one Minister with the charge of two Departments.

CIV. The 5 Ministers-Secretaries form the Council of Government, who shall assist the President with their advice, respecting grave and important matters.

CV. The President shall hear the opinions of the Council, without being obliged to conform thereto in the Resolutions which he may think fit to take.

CVI. In cases of responsibility, the Ministers are not exempt therefrom, even with the consent or signature of the President of the Republick.

CVII. The Ministers cannot in any case take any measures, without the previous order or consent of the President of the Republick, except in matters immediately belonging to their own respective Department.

CVIII. They cannot become Deputies or Senators without resigning their Office of Minister.

CIX. They shall have a salary assigned them by Law, which shall neither be augmented nor diminished during their continuance in Office, sd to chart adt jy benogyva bmx Bilara ed node

CX, The Judicial Power of the Republick shall be exercised by the High Court of Justice, by superior Tribunals, and other Courts esta blished by Law, n, pan ili ut genus ) gilsiuil, mentrar cab #al CXI A Court of Justice, composed of 9 Judges, and 2 Fiscals, shall exercise the Supreme Judicial Power.

CXII. No one can be a Member of this Court, who is not an Advocate of 8 Years' practice, 40 Years of age, and does not possess the qualifications prescribed in this Constitution for a Senator. DOM

CXIII. The President, and the other Members of the High Court of Justice, shall be named by the President of the Republick, with the knowledge and consent of the Senate., mundnT less steam-fur ja

CXIV. On the first installation of this Court, the Members appointed shall take an Oath before the President of the Republick, to fulfil their duties, and well and legally, to administer justice. Hereafter the Oath shall be taken before the President of the same Court.

CXV. The President of the High Court of Justice shall hold his Office for 5 Years, but all its Members shall continue in their employment, during good behaviour, and cannot be removed but by judicial proceedings, and a legal sentence.

CXVI. The Members of the High Court of Justice cannot be Senators, or Representatives, without resigning their Offices, neither can they be employed in any other capacity by the President of the Republick, without the knowledge and approbation of the Court.

CXVII. The High Court of Justice shall name its Officers, in the number and form which the Law may determine.

CXVIII. It shall take cognizance, originally and exclusively: of all matters in which a Province may be one Party, or which may arise between two Provinces, or Towns, of the same Province, concerning limits, and other doubtful rights, brought forward in such manner as that a formal decision may be pronounced.

CXIX. Of questions which may arise concerning Contracts, or transactions of the Executive Power, or of the Agents under its immediate direction.

CXX. Of the Causes of all Publick Functionaries, of which Articles XIX. XXVII. XXVIII. and XXIX. treat, and in the Cases therein mentioned, th

CXXI. Of those which relate to Ambassadors, Ministers Plenipo tentiary, Envoys, Consuls, and Diplomatick Agents, from Foreign Courts. cxpvod sdT AAKAS ...CXXII. In order to take cognizance of the matters which, in the 4 preceding Articles, belong in the first instance to the High Court of

Justice, it shall be divided into 2 Chambers: the first, composed of 3 of its Members, shall take cognizance thereof in the first instance; and the other, composed of the 6 remaining Members, in the second and last instance.

, CXXII. It shall have the ultimate cognizance of all Appeals referred to it by the Inferior Courts, in the cases and forms which the Law designates, in Admiralty Causes, in all disputed matters of Finance, and in crimes committed against the publick Law of Nations.

CXXIV. It shall decide upon all differences which may arise between the other Supreme Tribunals of the Nation.

CXXV. It shall examine the Pontifical Briefs, and Bulls, and shall present its opinion, with respect to their admission or retention, to the Executive Power.

CXXVI. It shall take cognizance of Appeals of violence from the superior Ecclesiastical Tribunals of the Capital.

CXXVII. It shall inform the Legislative Body, from time to time, of every thing which it may judge conducive to the improvement of the administration of justice, and shall represent to the same, the doubts which the inferior Tribunals may submit, as to the right understanding of the Laws.

CXXVIII. The Judgments of the High Court of Justice, and its definitive Acts, shall be publick.

CXXIX. Its Members shall receive a salary, which shall not be diminished while they continue in Office.

CXXX. There shall be a Governor in each Province, who shall act under the immediate direction of the President of the Republick. PCXXXI. He must be 30 Years of age, and possess the qualifications required for a Senator.

*y* CXXXII. The President shall select the Governors of the Provinces from 3 Persons proposed by the respective Councils of Administration.

CXXXIII. They are charged with the execution of the general Laws enacted by the National Legislature, of the Decrees of the President of the Republick, and of the particular Regulations of the Councils of Administration.

CXXXIV. It is their duty to fill up, in such form as the Councils of Administration establish, all Offices paid by the funds of the respective Provinces. 12

CXXXV. The Governors shall continue in the exercise of their fandtions for 3 Years, and cannot be immediately re-elected in the same Province, dil adr et nousu Yeni 999 Ft go

CXXXVI. They shall have a salary, which shall be fixed by Law.

CHAPTER II. Of the Supreme Tribunals of Justice.

CXXXVII. Superior Tribunals of Justice shall be established in the Capitals of the Provinces, as the Legislature may judge convenient, according to the advantages of their geographical position, population, and other circumstances.

CXXXVIII. They shall take cognizance of Appeals from the Tribunals of First Instance, and of other matters which belong to them by Law, not only of the Territory of the Province where they are established, but of others which the Law may declare within their jurisdiction.

CXXXIX. The Superior Tribunals shall be composed of Advocates, named by the President of the Republick, and selected from 3 Candidates to be proposed by the High Court of Justice. Their number shall be fixed by Law.

CHAPTER III. Of the Councils of Administration.

CXL. In each Capital of a Province, there shall be formed a Council of Administration, which, watching over its prosperity, may promote its particular interests.

CXLI. The number of Persons who shall compose the said Councils cannot be less than 7, nor more than 15. The Legislature shall fix the number in each Capital, taking into consideration the Population and other political circumstances of the Province.

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CXLII. The Members of the Councils of Internal Administration shall be popularly elected by direct nomination, in the same manner and under the same forms, as the National Representatives.

CXLIII. All that relates to the promotion of the prosperity and improvement of the Provinces, and their interior Police, to Primary Education, Publick Works, or any other Establishments, formed and supported by their own resources, shall be regulated by the Councils of Administration.

CXLIV. They shall create the Offices which may be necessary for the good government of each Province, and shall regulate the forms to be observed in the maintenance of them.

CXLV. The Councils of Administration shall fix, annually, the estimate of the expences, which the internal service of the Provinces require,

CXLVI. The estimate, of which the last Article treats, shall be forwarded to the President of the Republick, in order that it may, with the general estimate of the expences which the Service of the State demands, be presented for the approbation of the National Legislature.

CXLVII. The Councils of Administration shall raise and regulate the collection of the necessary Revenues, to meet the expenses of the internal service of the Provinces.