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OF

THE PHILOSOPHY

OF

The Human Mind.

BY DUGALD STEWART, Esq. F.R. SS. LOND. & EDIN.

=

Honorary Member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburgh; Member of the Roy
al Academy of Berlin; and of the American Philosophical Society held at Philadelphia;
formerly Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh.

WITH TRANSLATIONS, &c. AND AN ADDITIONAL APPENDIX.

TWO VOLUMES BOUND IN ONE.

VOLUME SECOND.

BOSTON:

WELLS AND LILLY,-COURT-STREET.

September, 1821.

21 August, 1891.

From the Librery of

F.H.Hedge, D. D.

31

Stewart 6.2

DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, TO WIT:

District Clerk's Office.

BE it remembered, that on the seventeenth day of September, A. D. 1821, in the fortysixth year of the Independence of the United States of America, Wells and Lilly of the said District, have deposited in this Office the Title of a Book, the Right whereof they claim as Proprietors, in the Words following, to wit:-"Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind. By Dugald Stewart, Esq F.R SS. Lond. & Edin. Honorary Member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburgh; Member of the Royal Academy of Berlin; and of the American Philosophical Society held at Philadelphia; formerly Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh. With Translations, &c. and an additional Appendix. Two Volumes bound in one."

In Conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United States, entitled. "An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by securing the Copies of Maps, Charts and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such Copies, during the Times therein mentioned:" and also to an Act entitled," An Act supplementary to an Act, entitled, An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by securing the Copies of Maps, Chart, and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such Copies during the times therein mentioned; and extending the Benefits thereof to the Arts of Designing, Engraving and Etching Historical, and other Prints."

JNO. W. DAVIS,

Clerk of the District of Massachusetts.

ADVERTISEMENT.

AFTER an interval of more than twenty years, I venture to present to the public a Second Volume on the Philosophy of the Human Mind.

When the preceding Part was sent to the press, I expected that a few short chapters would comprehend all that I had further to offer concerning the Intellectual Powers; and that I should be able to employ the greater part of this Volume in examining those principles of our constitution, which are immediately connected with the Theory of Morals. On proceeding, however, to attempt an analysis of Reason, in the more strict acceptation of that term, I found so many doubts crowding on me with respect to the logical doctrines then generally received, that I was forced to abandon the comparatively limited plan according to which I had originally intended to treat of the Understanding, and, in the mean time, to suspend the continuation of my work till a more unbroken leisure should allow me to resume it with a less divided attention.

Of the accidents which have since occurred to retard my progress, it is unnecessary to take any notice here. I allude to them, merely as an apology for those defects of method, which are the natural, and perhaps the unavoidable consequences of the frequent interruptions by which the train of my thoughts has been diverted to other pursuits. Such of my readers as are able to judge how very large a proportion of my materials has been the fruit of my own meditations; and who are aware of the fugitive nature of our reasonings concerning phenomena so far removed from the perceptions of Sense, will easily conceive the difficulty I must occasionally have experienced, in decyphering the short and slight hints on these topics, which I had committed to writing at remote periods of my life; and still more, in recovering the thread which had at first connected them together in the order of my researches.

I have repeatedly had occasion to regret the tendency of this intermitted and irregular mode of composition, to deprive my speculations of those advantages, in point of continuity, which, to the utmost of my power, I have endeavoured to give them, But I would willingly indulge the hope that this is a blemish more likely to meet the eye of the author than of the reader; and I am confident, that the critic who shall honour me with a sufficient degree of attention to detect it where it may occur, will not be inclined to treat it with an undue severity.

A Third Volume (of which the chief materials are already prepared) will comprehend all that I mean to publish under the title of the Philosophy of the Human Mind. The principal subjects allotted for it are Language; Imitation; the Varieties of intellectual Character; and the Faculties by which Man is distinguished from the lower animals. The two first of these articles belong, in strict propriety, to this second part of my work; but the size of the volume has prevented me from entering on the consideration of them at present.

The circumstances which have so long delayed the publication of these volumes on the Intellectual Powers, have not operated, in an equal degree, to prevent the prosecution of my inquiries into those principles of Human Nature, to which my attention was, for many years, statedly and forcibly called by my official duty. Much, indeed, still remains to be done in maturing, digesting, and arranging many of the doctrines which I was accustomed to introduce into my lectures; but if I shall be blessed, for a few years longer, with a moderate share of health and of mental vigour, I do not altogether despair of yet contributing something, in the form of Essays, to fill up the outline which the sanguine imagination of youth encouraged me to conceive, before I had duly measured the magnitude of my undertaking with the time or with the abilities which I could devote to the execution.

The volume which I now publish is more particularly intended for the use of Academical Students; and is offered to them as a guide or assistant, at that important stage of their progress when, the usual course of discipline being completed, an inquisitive mind is naturally led to review its past attainments, and to form plans for its future improvement. In the prosecution of this design, I have not aimed at the establishment of new theories; far less have I aspired to the invention of any new organ for the discovery of truth. My principal object is to aid my readers in unlearning the scholastic errours, which, in a greater or less degree, still maintain their ground in our most celebrated seats of learning; and by subjecting to free, but, I trust, not sceptical discussion, the more enlightened though discordant systems of modern Logicians, to accustom the understanding to the unfettered exercise of its native capacities. That several of the views opened in the following pages appear to myself original, and of some importance, I will not deny; but the reception these may meet with, I shall regard as a matter of comparative indifference, if my labours be found useful in training the mind to those habits of reflection on its own operations, which may enable it to superadd to the instructions of the schools, that higher education which no schools can bestow.

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