Security Flashpoints: Oil, Islands, Sea Access and Military Confrontation ; [twenty-first Annual Seminar Held at the UN Plaza Hotel in New York City from February 7 - 8, 1997]Myron H. Nordquist, John Norton Moore, University of Virginia. Center for Oceans Law and Policy "Security Flashpoints: Oil, Islands, Sea Access and Military" "Confrontation" covers a range of controversial issues rife with potential for provoking military confrontation in the world's salt water areas. Understanding the factual setting for flashpoints in the oceans requires an appreciation of the geographic circumstances of the disputants. This work starts with a global overview of island disputes provided by two leading geographers. They examine the pivotal relationship between sovereignty claims to islands and delimitation of ocean boundaries throughout the world. The most serious and complicated series of island disputes exists in the South China Sea where multiple national claims are asserted to sovereignty over the Spratly and Paracel Islands. This work gives not only an update on the status of the informal negotiations over the past several years but also the most complete insider's account so far made available in print of the unresolved issues. A suggestion is made for a constructive step toward a peaceful solution by outlining a Spratly Resource Development Agency. Another area that is brought to the attention is Southeastern Europe: the Danube River, the Adriatic Sea, the Caspian and Black Seas with particular emphasis on navigation through the Dardanelles; a definitive analysis is given of the critical freedom of navigation issues in the Strait of Hormuz as well as a comprehensive commentary on the outstanding boundary delimitation controversies in the Persian Gulf. The island and delimitation disputes in East Asian seas are also extensively discussed. The book finishes with a concept of adding political power to the legal doctrine of critical date' in settling maritimeboundary disputes. This work is of particular importance to lawyers involved in the seminal role that the Rule of Law plays for the peaceful resolution of ocean disputes. The work is based on a conference jointly sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations, the Center for Oceans Law and Policy and the Center for National Security Law, University of Virginia School of Law. |
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Contents
Ruth Wedgwood | 7 |
Reflections on UN Peacekeeping and Related Topics | 13 |
Questions and Answers following the Address | 27 |
State Sovereignty | 35 |
The Archipelagic Regime and Sea Lanes Designation | 45 |
Myron H Nordquist | 53 |
Remarks of Scott Snyder Moderator | 107 |
A Malaysian Perspective | 135 |
Will There | 291 |
Freedom of Navigation in the Persian Gulf | 315 |
Charles A Allen | 339 |
Comments | 359 |
Finalising the Territorial Framework | 379 |
Island Disputes in East Asia | 407 |
Comments on Island Disputes in East Asia | 419 |
A Landlocked State Perspective | 431 |
Toward a Spratly Resource Development | 219 |
A Philippine Perspective | 243 |
Brcko and Bosnian Sea Access | 255 |
Croatia and Its Neighbors | 269 |
Black Sea Caspian Sea and Dardanelles | 281 |
Remarks of Representative from the Permanent Missions | 437 |
Add Political Power to the Legal Doctrine | 449 |
Likely US Senate Considerations about Security Flashpoints | 457 |
The Rule of Law in the Oceans | 467 |
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Common terms and phrases
Abu Musa activities agreement arbitration archipelagic Article Bahrain Bosnia boundary delimitation Brcko Brunei Caspian Changsha China Sea islands claimants claims coastal conflict continental shelf cooperation countries Croatia Dynasty East China Sea equidistant exclusive economic zone force Foreign freedom of navigation Guangdong high seas Indonesia innocent passage internal waters international law Iran Iran's Iranian Iraq island disputes issues Japan joint development jurisdiction Korea Kuwait Lin Jinzhi Malaysia military Nansha Islands nautical miles negotiations occupied Paracel and Spratly Paracel Islands parties peace peacekeeping Persian Gulf Philippines political problem provides Qatar Qing reefs regime region Republic resolve rocks Russia Saudi Sea Convention Serbs Shatt al-Arab ships Song Dynasties South China Sea sovereignty disputes Spratly Islands straight baselines Strait of Hormuz supra note 35 Taiwan territorial disputes territorial sea transit passage Treaty Turkey United Nations Vietnam Wanli Shitang Workshop Wu Fengbin Xisha Islands Yuan Zhou